Transcript The French revolution and napoleon

THE FRENCH
REVOLUTION AND
NAPOLEON
Chapter 23
THE FRENCH
REVOLUTION BEGINS
Section 1
Old Regime
Estates
Third Estate
Tax System
King Louis XVI
Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyes
Tennis Court Oath
Bastile Day
Louis XVI
Causes of the French Revolution
OLD REGIME
 The social and political system in use in France in the 1770s
 Has been in place since the Middle Ages
ESTATES
 First and Second
 Make up only 2 percent of the population
THIRD ESTATE
 Third
 Make up 98 percent of the population
 Bourgeoisie
 Group that most strongly embraced the ideals and principles of the enlightenment
WHY DID PEOPLE OF THE THIRD ESTATE
REVOLT?
TAX SYSTEM
 Third Estate
 Paid almost all of the taxes
KING LOUIS XVI
 Called the Estates General to meet for the first time in 175 years
 Why?
 Proposed taxation of the Second Estate
 Main issue at meeting
 How many votes each state would get
EMMANUEL-JOSEPH SIEYES
 Spokesman for the Third Estate (Not a member)
 Recommended that it’s delegates should name themselves the
National Assembly
 Suggested that they pass laws and make reforms in the name of the
French people
TENNIS COURT OATH
 A pledge by the Third Estate to continue meeting (after they
were forced to find a new meeting place) until they had drawn
up a new constitution.
BASTILE DAY
 July 14 , 1789
 A mob stormed the prison looking for gunpowder
LOUIS XVI
 Called up mercenary troops
 Caused the widespread emotional reaction called the Great Fear
W H AT E VE N T S SI G N I FI ED T H E E N D OF T H E A BSOLUT E
M ON A RC H Y A N D T HE BE GI N NI NG OF RE PRE SENTATI VE
G OVE RN M ENT
REVOLUTION BRINGS
REFORM TERROR
Section 2
Declaration of the rights
of man
Olympe de Gouges
National Assembly
Legislative Assembly
Factions
Émigrés
San-culottes
Jean-Paul Marat
Guillotine
Maximilien Robespierre
Committee of Public Safety
Robespierre
National Convention
DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN
 Stated that “men are born and remain free and equal in
rights”
OLYMPE DE GOUGES
 Wrote a strong response to “A Declaration of the Rights of
Man and of the Citizen”
 Did not give the same rights to women that it gave to men
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
 Lost support of many French peasants
 Took away the Catholic Church’s lands and independence
LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY
 Name of the government body that replaced the National
Assembly
FACTIONS
 Right wing
 Describes the most conservative members of the Legislative
Assembly
 Left wing
 Describes the most radical members of the Legislative Assembly
Émigrés
 Refers to the nobles who fled France but still hoped to restore
the monarchy
SAN-CULOTTES
 Radical group
 Named for the style of breeches its members wore
JEAN-PAUL MARAT
 Radical revolutionary
 Fatally stabbed by another revolutionary
GUILLOTINE
 Invented to further humane goals
 Often used in contradiction to such goals
 Who was safe during the Reign of Terror?
 No one
MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE
 Claimed it was possible to build a “republic of virtue”
 Came to be known as the Reign of Terror
COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFET Y
 Imposed the Reign of Terror
ROBESPIERRE
 Forced from power by fellow revolutionaries
NATIONAL CONVENTION
 Put an end to the Reign of Terror
 Out of fear for their own safety
WHY DO YOU THINK THE REIGN OF TERROR OCCURRED AND WENT ON AS LON G AS IT DID?
W H AT M I G H T H AV E C AU S E D T H E F R E N C H P E O P L E T O E M B R AC E N A P O L E O N A S E M P E R O R S O
S O O N A F T E R F I G H T I N G A R E VO L U T I O N T H AT R I D T H E M O F A K I N G ?
Napoleon’s empire
collapses
Section 4
Continental
System
Defeats
Elba
100 Days
CONTINENTAL SYSTEM
 Napoleon’s attempt to make Europe more self -sufficient
 Britain’s reaction
 Organized it’s own blockade
Describe Napoleon’s invasion of Russia in 1812. Why was it so unwise
What events led to Napoleon ’s downfall?
DEFEATS
 Napoleon
 Defeated by King Frederick William III of Prussia and Czar Alexander I
of Russia
 Exiled to Elba
ELBA
 Napoleon escapes
 Gathers volunteers and seizes power from King Louis XVIII
100 DAYS
 Napoleons last bid for power
 Ended with his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo
What aspect of Napoleon’s character or personality do you think was most responsible for
the collapse of his empire? Explain?
THE CONGRESS OF
VIENNA
Section 5
Congress of Vienna
Prince Klemens
von Metternich
Congress of Vienna
Holy Alliance
Congress of Vienna
CONGRESS OF VIENNA
 Main goal of participants
 Establish security and stability for the nations of Europe
PRINCE KLEMENS VON METTERNICH
 Foreign minister of Austria
 Most influential leader at the Congress of Vienna
What did
Metternich
want to
accomplish at
the Congess
of Vienna?
CONGRESS OF VIENNA
 Accomplishments
 Reinstating the royal families dethroned by Napoleon
 Creating a balance of power among European nations
 Surrounding France with strong neighboring countries
HOLY ALLIANCE
 Russia
 Austria
 Prussia
CONGRESS OF VIENNA
 Helped generate independence movements in South America
W H AT D I D T H E C O N G R E S S O F V I E N N A AC C O M P L I S H T H AT H A D A R E A L A N D L A S T I N G VA L U E
FO R T H E W E L FA R E O F E U RO P E , A N D W H I C H O F I T S AC C O M P L I S H M E N T S W E R E H A R M F U L TO
EUROPE'S FUTURE?
Accomplishments
Detriments