Transcript The Age of Exploration
Bell Ringer!
If you could go anywhere in the world, where would you go? … and why?
3-5 Sentences
The Age of Exploration
Alberto Cantino’s World Map 1502
WH 2.4
WH 2.7
WH 3.4
Essential Standards:
Analyze the rise and spread of various empires in terms of influence, achievements and lasting impact.
Analyze the relationship between trade routes and the development and decline of major empires.
Analyze how the desire for farmable land created conflict and impacted the physical environments of Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas WH 5.2
Explain the causes and effects of exploration and expansion.
WH 5.3
Analyze colonization in terms of the desire for access to resources and markets as well as the consequences on indigenous cultures, population, and environment.
WH.H.5.1 Explain how and why the motivations for exploration and conquest resulted in increased global interactions, differing patterns of trade, colonization, and conflict among nations.
Causes of the Age of Exploration
Two causes of interest in exploration
Marco Polo’s Travels
Goods from Asia
Europeans wanted new trade routes
Desire to trade directly and eliminate the middle man… Who was the middle man??? (write it down)
Development of England, France, Spain, Portugal, and the Low Countries.
Early Exploration
Vikings –
Eric the Red – Viking explorer who was first to explore Greenland in 982 and set up a colony there in 986.
Leif Ericcson – Possibly the first European to explore America from 1000 to 1002.
Vinland - Newfoundland
Technology of Exploration
Map making Compass Astrolabe position.
– used the stars to plot a Caravel triangular sail that could sail into the wind – ship with three masts and a Guns and cannons
Prince Henry the Navigator and Portugal
Henry opened a school for navigation around 1420 because he wanted to spread Christianity and expand Portugal.
Henry began sending out ships every year.
Portugal opened trade with the “Gold Coast” (Ghana) of Africa.
Portugal
(continued)
Portugal discovered Atlantic islands – the Cape Verde, Azores, and Madeira Islands.
1441 – the first African slaves are brought to Portugal.
1488 – Bartholmieu Dias rounded the southern tip of Africa – Cape of Good Hope
Christopher Columbus
Spain united under Ferdinand and Isabella.
Spain wanted to get in on the trade Portugal was getting and wanted a sea route to Asia.
Columbus was certain the world was round, but greatly underestimated the size of the world. He convinced Queen Isabella that he could sail west to Asia.
Christopher Columbus
Columbus landed on one of the Bahamas Islands on October 12, 1492.
Thinking he had reached the Indies, he called the natives “Indians”.
He went on to explore the coastline of Cuba and other Caribbean Islands.
Christopher Columbus
In all, Columbus made four voyages to the Americas.
At his death, Columbus felt that Asia was not far beyond the Americas.
Tomb of Christopher Columbus in the Cathedral of Seville in Spain.
The Columbian Exchange
Take notes on what we talk about…
What was the impact of New World agriculture on the population of Europe?
How did the introduction of European livestock change the lives of Native Americans?
The Truth about Columbus…
You only have 15 mins to read and answer ?’s
You can work with a partner… Read through the myths and then answer the questions on the board.
Be sure to talk over the questions with your partner!
Every person needs to fill out their own paper.
The Treaty of Tordesillas
Both Spain and Portugal felt the other would claim their newly found territory.
The pope drew a Line of Demarcation at 100 leagues (250 miles) west of the Azores to separate Spanish and Portuguese claims.
When Portugal complained, The Treaty of Tordesillas moved the line 270 leagues further west, giving Portugal claim to Brazil.
The Treaty of Tordesillas
(continued)
Other countries joined in the race to claim land in the New World.
John Cabot explored the northeast coast of North America for England.
Florentine Amerigo Vespucci explored the South American coast for Spain. (America is named after him.) Pedro Cabral claimed Brazil for Portugal.
Vasco da Gama
Da Gama was the first European to sail around Africa and then to India.
The goods he brought back sold for 60 times the cost of the trip, but 2 / 3 of his crew died of scurvy.
Scurvy…
God, Gold, and Glory
There were many reasons why people set out to explore the world, but the big three were God, gold and glory.
One of the big pushes was to spread Christianity, especially after the Protestant Reformation began.
Priest and missionaries went with the conquistadors and explorers.
God, Gold, and Glory
Money was to be made in exploration. Captains of successful voyages became heroes at home. Many were driven by the promise of fame.
BLING
Spanish Conquistadors
Hernan Cortes – conquered the Aztec with 550 men, guns, cannons, and the aid of the people the Aztec had conquered.
Francisco Pizzaro South America.
– defeated the Inca in
Vasco de Balboa – crossed Panama was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean in America.
Spanish Conquistadors
(continued)
Ponce de Leon – explored Florida looking for the “Fountain of Youth.”
Hernando de Soto – explored the U.S. southeast where we are
Francisco de Coronado – explored the U.S. southwest. He was the first European to see the Grand Canyon.
Ferdinand Magellan
In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan set out from Seville, Spain to sail to Asia by going west.
In 1520, he went through the Strait of Magellan into the Pacific Ocean.
While crossing the Pacific, food and water became scarce, but the ships finally found land, the Philippines (Magellan named them after Spanish King Philip).
Ferdinand Magellan
(continued)
Magellan and some of his crew were killed fighting with the natives of the Philippines.
In September 1522, one of the ships, Victoria , arrived back in Seville, the first ship to sail around the world.
Only 18 out of 243 sailors survived.
In Search of the Northwest Passage
Many of the explorers of North America were looking for a Northwest Passage, a way through the continent to get to Asia.
1534 – Jacques Cartier Lawrence River and claimed eastern North America for France. sailed up the St.
In Search of the Northwest Passage
(continued)
1577-80 – Sir Francis Drake was looking for a western end of the Northwest Passage for England.
When he failed to find one, he went west, sailing around the world robbing Spanish ships as he went.
His voyage made a profit of 4,700%.
Henry Hudson – Explored Hudson River and Hudson Bay for the Dutch (1609) and then was hired by the British (1620) but his crew mutinied.
He was abandoned by the ship and never seen again.
European Colonies
Portugal – Brazil, west and east coasts of Africa, India, Indonesia (Spice Islands).
Portugal was ruled by Spain from 1580 to 1640 and lost most of its possessions.
Spain – The Philippines, most of South America, Mexico, California.
European Colonies
(continued)
England
1607 – Jamestown, Va.
1620 – Plymouth , Massachusetts.
Claimed the area around the Hudson Bay 1600 – British East India Company set up to foster Asian trade.
European Colonies
(continued)
France - 1608 – Samuel de Champlain built Quebec and then Montreal on the fur trade.
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1673 – Fur trader Louis Joliet and Jesuit priest Jacques Marquette explored the upper Mississippi River.
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1682 – Robert le Salle mapped the Mississippi to its mouth.
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He claimed the whole river valley for France naming it Louisiana for French King Louis XIV.
European Colonies
(continued)
The Netherlands – 1602 – the Dutch East India Company is formed.
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While Portugal is ruled by Spain, the Dutch take over much of their empire.
1626 – The Dutch buy Manhattan Island for about $25.
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The Dutch build their colony, New Holland, around the city, New Amsterdam. The British seize the colony in 1664, renaming both colony and city New York.
Bell Ringer: 4-9-14
Triangular Trade System Map page 568
Answer questions 1 & 2 based on the map.
“Analyzing Primary Sources” Activity page 569
Read the description of a journey on a slave ship and answer questions 1 & 2
Economics of Exploration!
Essential Standards:
WH 2.4 Analyze the rise and spread of various empires in terms of influence, achievements and lasting impact.
WH 2.7 Analyze the relationship between trade routes and the development and decline of major empires.
WH 3.4 Analyze how the desire for farmable land created conflict and impacted the physical environments of Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas WH 5.2 Explain the causes and effects of exploration and expansion.
WH 5.3 Analyze colonization in terms of the desire for access to resources and markets as well as the consequences on indigenous cultures, population, and environment.
Effects of the Age of Exploration
World Trade Increased
New trade routes ended the Italian monopoly on Asian goods.
London, Amsterdam, Bristol, and Antwerp develop as trade centers.
From Asia – spices, gems, paper, ivory, porcelain, textiles, tea and coffee From the Americas and indigo.
– potatoes, tobacco, cocoa, corn, furs, codfish, timber, pitch, turpentine, sugar, molasses, rum, From Africa – hardwoods, ivory, gold, ostrich feathers, and slaves.
Effects of the Age of Exploration
(continued)
The Slave Trade Grew and Became Racist
Before the discovery of America, slavery was not based on race, but a person captured in war, or one who could not pay their debts or taxes.
After the slave trade grew, Europeans began viewing Africans as born to be slaves. Many used the Bible to justify this.
Around 20 million people were taken from Africa and shipped to the Americas as slaves.
¼ of the people shipped on slave ships died during the voyage.
The Middle Passage
The Slave Trade
• Europeans began to use slave labor in their colonies to grow crops, mine, etc.
• Native Americans used for a while, but Africans began to be brought to the Americas.
• The slave trade then became the main focus of Europe’s relations with Africa.
What was the Triangular Trade?
• System of trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. • Stage 1: Raw materials to Europe (tobacco, rum, sugar) • Stage 2: Manufactured goods to Africa (guns, cloth, rum) • Stage 3: Slaves to the Americas to make raw materials.
The Triangular Trade
Effects of the Age of Exploration
(continued)
New Business Practices Developed
Merchants looked for new ways to protect, invest, and borrow money.
Banking grew in the 16 th century.
Checks, bank notes, and bills of exchange came into widespread use.
Merchants banded together and contributed to a common fund to protect against losses, the beginning of insurance companies.
Effects of the Age of Exploration
(continued)
New Business Practices Developed
(continued)
Joint-stock companies develop.
The British East India Company
The Dutch East India Company
Stock exchanges.
Stocks were traded.
Dividends paid.
Effects of the Age of Exploration
(continued)
Modern Capitalism is Born
Capitalism – the economic system where private companies, not the government owns the businesses.
Profit motive.
Capitalism developed first in businesses needing large amounts of money to operate.
The coining of more money.
Effects of the Age of Exploration
(continued)
Prices Rise in Europe
Gold and silver poured into Spain from the New World.
The availability of gold led to inflation, the increase of prices.
Effects of the Age of Exploration
(continued)
European Countries Begin Following Mercantilist Policies
The theory developed that a country would become rich and strong if it exported more than it imported. This is called mercantilism. Page 574 Countries tried to achieve a favorable balance of trade.
Colonies became important to mercantilist countries.
Raw materials.
Markets for goods.
To control waterways and trade routes.
Effects of the Age of Exploration
(continued)
A Revolution in World Ecology
Ecology – the distribution of plant and animal life.
The coffee bean, native to the Middle East, was brought to South America.
From the Americas…
Sweet potatoes – to Asia
Potatoes, tobacco, and corn – to Europe To the Americas from Europe
Grains - wheat, rye, oats, rice Animals – horse, donkey, mule, ox, pigs, goats, sheep, chickens Sugar cane – from Spain to the Caribbean.
Why did thy come?
(video)
Is Progress always Positive?
What is “Neo-Colonialism”?
Why is Asia interested in Africa?
Who is being helped the most and hurt the most through Neo-Colonialism?
Do you think this is fair or right?