Transcript Luchtkwaliteit: binnenklimaat versus buitenklimaat

A historical view on building
(services) and health and comfort
Francesco Franchimon PhD Candidate
Definition Health
Source: World Health Organization (WHO)
http://www.who.org/aboutwho/en/definition.html
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Definition Comfort
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(Thermal) Comfort
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as the state of mind that expresses
satisfaction with the surrounding environment
(ASHRAE Standard 55)
Health vs. Comfort
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Comfort is determinant of Health
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Definition Building Services
‘everything inside a building which makes it safe and
comfortable to be in’
‘a building must do what it was designed to do - not just provide
shelter but also be an environment where people can live,
work and achieve’
Typical Building Services:
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HVAC systems (Heating, Ventilation and Airconditioning)
Potable water systems
Plumbing
Home Automation, Teleservices and Assistive Technology
Building Services = Building Systems (UK vs. US)
CIBSE: Chartered Institution of
Building Services Engineers: UK
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Improving Public Health
Aqueducts
Source: ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA;
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9066604?query=aqueduct&ct=
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Improving Public Health
Sewer system
Source: THE ROMANS IN BRITAIN;
http://romans-in-britain.org.uk/mis_frame_page.htm
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Improving Public Health
Hypocaust
Source: THE ROMANS IN BRITAIN;
http://romans-in-britain.org.uk/inv_central_heating.htm
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Public Health and Urbanism
Early Childhood Mortality: Town vs. rural area
(Netherlands)
1875-1879
1895-1899
All causes
42%
21%
Measles
74%
47%
Encephalitis/meningitis
61%
45%
Acute respiratory disease
39%
15%
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From health towards comfort
Air-conditioning
Dr. John Gorrie
1802-1855
Source: ASHRAE Journal December 1998
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From health towards comfort
Minimum Ventilation Rate
14 l/s
cfm: Cubic Feet per Minute
7.5 l/s
2,5 l/s
Source: ASHRAE Journal November 1999
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From health towards comfort
Dutch Building Code
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Report Health Council, 1984
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Energy crisis
Yaglou, 1936
Pettenkoffer, 1858 (CO2 < 1000 ppm)
Reduced building emission
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From health towards comfort
Effects low ventilation rates
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Infectious Diseases
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Tuberculosis infections
Measles infections
SARS
(Bird Flu)
Chronic Diseases
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Asthma
COPD
Lung cancer
Coronary heart diseases
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From health towards comfort
Chronic Disease: Asthma
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From health towards comfort
Sick Building Syndrome (SBS)
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SBS symptoms
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Atypical symptoms
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Headache
Itchy eyes
Dry eyes
Itchy skin
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Mechanical ventilated/air-conditioned buildings
< SBS compared to natural ventilated buildings
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SBS vs. low ventilation rates
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From health towards comfort
Effects low ventilation rates
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Infectious Diseases
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Tuberculosis infections
Measles infections
SARS infections
(Bird Flu)
Chronic Diseases
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Asthma
COPD
Lung cancer
Coronary heart diseases
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From health towards comfort
Water supply and disinfection
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From health towards comfort
Pipe materials
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Lead pipes (~1900)
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Infant mortality and stillbirth rates by 25 to 50%
Related symptoms
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permanent brain damage
damage to the central nervous system
a drop in IQ, learning disabilities
behavioural problems
Copper / galvanized steel
Plastic Tubing (PVC, PE)
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From health towards comfort
Domestic systems
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Solar collector
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Floor heating
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District heating
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Home Automation for Comfort
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Home Automation for Comfort
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Home Automation for Comfort
http://www.adformatie.nl/campagnes/campagnes2005-46.html
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Home Automation for Health
Telecare & Telehealth
TECHNOLOGY
DRIVEN
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Home Automation for Health
HUMAN
DRIVEN
Maslow Hierarchy Deficit Needs
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Back to Health
New societal threats
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Infectious Diseases
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Chronic Diseases
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SARS
Bird Flu
Legionella
Asthma
COPD
Lung cancer
Coronary heart diseases
Autonomy for older adults
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