Transcript Filipino American - California State University, San

Filipino
American
1900-1940
Filipino
American
Children’s
Games
Banog-Banog
(The Hawk and The Chicken)
One child is chosen to be the
Hen (girl) and one boy is the
Hawk. The rest of the
children are chicks. All of the
chicks line up behind the
Hen holding wrists. The
Hawk tries to get passed the
Hen and capture her chicks
while the mother tries to
protect them. The game
ends when the Hawk
captures all of the chicks.
Gagamba
Played by 2 children
each with their own
“Champion Spider.”
The spiders are
placed on a stick and
the first spider to eat
the other spider wins.
Tumbang Preso
3 or more players place an
object that can be kicked
around in the center of a
playing field. An “it” has to
defend the object (usually a
can) from being knocked
over. The other kids try to
kick it over, or throw things to
knock it down from a
distance. The “it” can chase
anyone who tries to kick it
over. If he/she tags
someone while the can is still
upright, that child becomes
“it”.
Other Games
Filipino Game
Taguan
Agawan Base
Habulan Estatwa
Iring-Iring
Piko
American Equivalent
Hide and Seek
Capture the Flag
Freeze Tag
Duck Duck Goose
Hopscotch
Filipino
American
Values
Family
• Loyalty
– Helping others as well as oneself
– Filipino Americans are their own best allies in the
U.S.
– Helping each other to find jobs housing or by
sending money back to the Philippines
• Strong Women
– Women have been considered the equal of men for
thousands of years
– Often more educated than the men
– The woman decides how much money is spent and
on what
• Children
– Communal affair, never alone.
– Brought up knowing they owe their parents
(especially their mother) a debt of gratitude that can’t
be repaid.
• They are usually cared for at home in their old age
Education
• Both sexes consider education to be
extremely important.
• The history of Filipino Americans began
with students determined to benefit
themselves of the educational
opportunities not open to them in the
Philippines
• Parents make every effort to educate
the eldest child, in turn that child is
expected to help their brothers and
sisters obtain an education
Religion
• Although many Filipino men are
religious it is traditionally the women
who are most active in practicing the
faith
– The majority of Filipino’s are Roman
Catholic
– Religious occasions are a reason for a
large party
• Weddings, Confirmations, Anniversaries and
Baptisms
– The most joyous and ceremonial
celebrations are important Holy days
• Holy Week, Easter Sunday, Christmas
Elderly
• With the elderly and godparents children
show more respect by doing a blessing/mano
– You do this by taking his or her hand to the child’s
forehead. In return the child receives a blessing
or a gift.
• Saying po and apo
– This is usually done with the elderly and people
who are of higher status.
– It’s a more formal way of speaking to them
• Example : If a patient goes to see a doctor the patient
would say “Magandang Gabi Po” (good evening) instead
of “Magandang Gabi”
• Example 2: When your grandmother asks you some
thing and the answer is no it would be “Hidi Po” instead
of “Hidi”
Family Titles by Seniority
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Grandfather = Lolo
Grandmother = Lola
Mother = Nanay/Inay
Father = Tatay/Itay
Uncle = Tito
Aunt = Tita
Older brother or male cousin = Kuya
Older sister or female cousin = Ate
Filipino
American
Food
FOOD
• Philippine cuisine is a
reflection of history
• One can see the various
influences of the
foreigners who have
passed through, as
conquerors or traders,
and who have played a
part in forming the
national identity of the
Filipino
RICE
• For a Filipino, a meal is
not a meal without rice
• Rice is eaten with pretty
much all main dishes
• A rice cooker is essential
for all Filipino households
LUMPIA
• Small spring rolls, rice
pastry filled with ground
beef or pork
• Deep fried to perfection
• May be dipped in a sweet
and sour or spicy sauce
• Children’s favorite
because it’s easy to eat
and it’s delicious
PANCIT
• bits of fresh vegetables
• thinly sliced savory
sausage
• tiny shrimps laced
throughout
• Easy to prepare, and the
recipe is very flexible.
• sautéed noodles
– types of noodles used:
bihon (rice noodles),
canton (flour noodles),
sotanghon (soybean
noodle) and mike
(fresh egg noodles)
– Noodles represent long
and healthy lives
• It is an essential at
children’s birthday
parties
LECHON
• Lechon baboy is a suckling
pig, slowly roasted over
live coals to make it crispy
and tasty
• It is often served with a
thick liver sauce, simmered
with vinegar, sugar and
herbs
• An important dish at many
fiesta occasions
• Often served at a child’s
birthday or baptism
signifying an important
event
HALO-HALO
• Meaning: mix-mix
• cubed sweet potato,
cut up bananas and
jackfruit, some red
beans, some ube jam
(a glutinous yam), ice
cream, whatever else
you want to put in,
shaved ice, milk, and
sugar
• A great Filipino snack,
ideal for hot summer
days.
FILIPINO
AMERICAN
MAJOR EVENTS
1898
• The Philippines become an American
colony and remain under American
jurisdiction until after WWII.
• Filipinos are recognized as United States
nationals, just below full citizenship.
• Filipinos are not allowed to vote, own real
estate, or businesses.
1898 Con’t
• Filipino’s are allowed to migrate anywhere
in the United States.
• Filipino’s can travel to the Philippine
Islands and back to the United States.
1901 - 1903
• The United States introduced a new
public education system on the Philippine
Islands.
• American teachers were imported to
teach English and American values to the
Filipino children.
• Opened vocational schools.
1903 Pensionado program
• 100 young Filipinos arrived in California to
attend college at the government’s expense.
• 209 Filipinos obtained their degrees or
advanced training in the US by 1912.
• More students came to the US, but most ended
up working in low paying jobs in West Coast
farms, Hawaii plantations and in Alaskan
canneries.
1934 Tydings-McDuffie Act
• Changed Philippine Islands to a
commonwealth.
• Changed Filipino immigrants from
nationals to aliens.
• Imposed a limit of 50 immigrants per year.
• Family reunification was halted.
• Young men remained in the US
Celebrations
• Family, including grandparents was
important to Filipino Americans.
• The compadrazzo system, based on the
selection of godparents for a newborn,
established close lifelong relationships.
Schooling for
FilipinoAmerican
Children
Americanization
• Began in the Philippines-Thomasites(white
teachers)-revamped the Philippine educational
system and curriculum using English as
language of instruction.
• The system was a way to bring Americanization
because it de-Phillipinezed the youth and
taught them to regard the American culture as
superior to any other.
First Filipinos in America
• Students on government scholarshippredominately male
• In an attempt to acculturate the Filipinos
and win their devotion to the U.S., the
government sent several hundred
individuals to study in the U.S.
Pensionados
Pensionados
• Highly selected children of prominent Filipino
families sent to study in the U.S. (usually ages
10-15)
• They sailed in 1903 in hopes of being
Americanized
• By the 1920’s, many of the original Pensionados
went back to the Philippines to well-paying
positions in agriculture, business, education,
engineering and government,
Next wave of Pensionados
• 1910-1938-about 14,000 Filipino children
migrated to the U.S. and nonsponsered
students.
• They came as laborers to earn money and
go to school.
• Filipinos had a great expectation for higher
education. They believed in success
through education.
Filipino
American
Children Gender
Roles
Gender Related Expectations
• It is reported that in Filipino homes, boys
and girls are treated alike until 5 or 6 yrs of
age.
• Furthermore, physically close-knit Filipino
household, there is no inflexible gender
segregation until children reach school
age.
• Children can no longer wander around
without underwear, and some decree of
privacy between the sexes is observer.
Adolescence
• Adolescent yrs: are a time when differential treatment of
sons and daughters become more dramatic and
pronounced.
• The onset of puberty defines girls and boys.
• For example; Menarche or menstrual cycle is a major event
that earns her the “Sobriquet of Dalaga”.(she has now
become a women).
• Rituals: A girl must jump from the 3rd step of the staircase to
limit her menstrual cycle to only three days. Also, poor water
over herself to strengthen and protect her.
• Boys: the boy-child circumcision is the counter partite-ofpassage for boys or Menses (this event signifies coming of
manhood.
Freedoms vs. Restrictions
• Girls: are kept closer to home. Parents believe she is
needed to help out in the running of the household. Also
she needs to be protected for her own safety and
welfare.
• Boys: However, boys are allowed to go out and mix with
other young adults.
• Lastly, the majority of Filipino families aspirations for
their children are to grow up humble, considerate,
hardworking and courteous.
Study Questions
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How do you play Banog-Banog?
How does a player win Gagamba?
What are 3 other games that American children and Filipino children both have
in common?
What is Tumbang Preso played with?
Who decides how much money is spent and on what?
Which gender considers education to be extremely important?
Which child receives the most education?
According to the “Family Titles by Seniority” who has the highest rank?
Lowest?
What does noodles represent?
What does halo-halo mean?
What did the Tydings-McDuffie Act do?
Where did the young men that came to the US work?
As a National, where could you travel? Who were the Pensionados?
Why did the U.S. Government send the Pensionados to the U.S. On
scholarship? .
Is Menarche a the start of a girls menstrual cycle?
Is there a ritual that is performed for the boy-child’s Menses?
Regardless of gender do parents want there children to be humble,
considerate, and hardworking?
Bibliography
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