Transcript Style

 Casual
Smart casual
（business casual)
Formal

Natural architecture style
gothic


neoclassical


Art deco
Style
artist
表现主义 乔治·鲁奥
expressionism Georges Rouault
超现实主义
Dali
surrealism
野兽派
Fauvism
夏卡尔Chagall、
马蒂斯Matisse
抽象主义
abstract
康丁斯基
Kandinsky
立体主义
cubism
Picasso
达达主义
Dadaism
杜象
Duchamp
印象派
Monet
impressionism
works

It was the best of times, it was the worst of
times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age
of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was
the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of
Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the
spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we
had everything before us, we had nothing before
us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were
all going direct the other way- in short, the
period was so far like the present period, that
some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its
being received, for good or for evil, in the
superlative degree of comparison only.
I was born twice: first, as a baby girl, on a
remarkably smogless Detroit day of January
1960; and then again, as a teenage boy, in an
emergency room near Petoskey, Michigan, in
August of l974. . . My birth certificate lists my
name as Calliope Helen Stephanides. My most
recent driver’s license...records my first
name simply as Cal.
It is a truth universally acknowledged, that
a single man in possession of a good fortune
must be in want of a wife.
However little known the feelings or views
of such a man may be on his first entering a
neighbourhood, this truth is so well fixed in
the minds of the surrounding families, that he
is considered as the rightful property of some
one or other of their daughters.
Every summer Lin Kong returned to Goose Village to
divorce his wife, Shuyu.
Lin Kong is a Chinese army doctor trapped in an
arranged marriage that embarrasses and repels him.
(Shuyu has country ways, a withered face, and most
humiliating of all, bound feet.) Nevertheless, he’s
content with his tidy military life, at least until he falls
in love with Manna, a nurse at his hospital. Regulations
forbid an army officer to divorce without his wife’s
consent–until 18 years have passed, that is, after which
he is free to marry again. So, year after year Lin asks
his wife for his freedom, and year after year he returns
from the provincial courthouse: still married, still
unable to consummate his relationship with Manna.
Nothing feeds love like obstacles placed in its way–right?

He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff(小型帆
船)in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four
days now without taking a fish. In the first forty days
a boy had been with him. But after forty days
without a fish the boy’s parents had told him that the
old man was now definitely and finally salao, which is
the worst form of unlucky, and the boy had gone at
their orders in another boat which caught three good
fish the first week. It made the boy sad to see the old
man come in each day with his skiff empty and he
always went down to help him carry either the coiled
lines or the gaff(鱼叉) and harpoon (鱼镖、鱼叉) and
the sail that was furled around the mast. The sail was
patched with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like
the flag of permanent defeat.

“春游浩荡，是年年寒食，梨花时节。白锦无纹香烂漫，玉树
琼苞堆雪。静夜沉沉，浮光霭霭，冷浸溶溶月。人间天上，
烂银霞照通彻。浑似姑射真人，天姿灵秀，意气殊高洁。万
蕊参差谁信道，不与群芳同列。浩气清英，仙才卓荦，下土
难分别。瑶台归去，洞天方看清绝。”

作这一首《无俗念》词的，乃南宋末年一位武学名家，
有道之士。此人姓丘，名处机，道号长春子，名列全真七子
之一，是全真教中出类拔萃的人物。《词品》评论此词道：
“长春，世之所谓仙人也，而词之清拔如此”。这首词诵的似是
梨花，其实词中真意却是赞誉一位身穿白衣的美貌少女，说
她“浑似姑射真人，天姿灵秀，意气殊高洁”，又说她“浩气清
英，仙才卓荦”，“不与群芳同列”。词中所颂这美女，乃古墓
派传人小龙女。她一生爱穿白衣，当真如风拂玉树，雪裹琼
苞，兼之生性清冷，实当得起“冷浸溶溶月”的形容，以“无俗
念”三字赠之，可说十分贴切。长春子丘处机和她在终南山上
比邻而居，当年一见，便写下这首词来。

狼烟不止一处。三面环绕的山坡上都陆续升起狼烟。
随着天际线由黄而红,再成绛紫,一柱柱狼烟黑了,下端的
火光亮了起来,越来越亮。天终于黑尽,火光里传出“呕呕
呕”的吼声。
村子里到处是女人们急促的木屐声。她们佝着腰蜷
着腿跑得飞快,边跑边叫喊:“中国人来啦!”自从那种叫原
子弹的东西把广岛和长崎夷为平地,中国人就常常来打
一阵枪或扔几颗炸弹。女人们很快就习惯佝腰蜷腿地跑
步。最后一次满洲招兵,四十五岁以下的老小伙子们也
全走了,眼前剩下的村民中,绝大多数是女人。女人们把
自己家的孩子召唤回家,十五六岁的少年们已经在护村
墙的射击口各就各位。护村墙有半米厚,上下两排射击
口,绕村子一周。六个日本村子都有护村墙,是他们从日
本刚来的时候筑的,那时都认为本部首长多此一举,这些
天不一样了,代浪村的人们叫喊“中国人来了”,就像不久
前全中国的中国人叫喊“日本人来了”一样凄厉。



尊敬的杉谷义人先生：
分别近月，但与您在我的故乡朝夕相处的情景，历历如
在眼前。您不顾年迈体弱，跨海越国，到这落后、偏远的地
方来与我和我故乡的文学爱好者畅谈文学，让我们深受感动。
大年初二上午，在县招待所礼堂，您为我们做的题为《文学
与生命》的长篇报告，已经根据录音整理成文字，如蒙允准，
我们想在县文联的内部刊物《蛙鸣》上发表，使那天未能听
您演讲的人们，也能领略您的语言风采并从中受到教益。
大年初一上午，我陪同您去拜访了我的当了五十多年妇
科医生的姑姑。虽然因为她的语速太快和乡音浓重，使您没
有完全听明白她说的话，但相信她一定给您留下了深刻的印
象。您在初二上午的演讲中多次以我姑姑为例，来阐发您的
文学观念。您说您的脑海里已经有了一个骑着自行车在结了
冰的大河上疾驰的女医生形象，一个背着药箱、撑着雨伞、
挽着裤脚、与成群结队的青蛙搏斗着前进的女医生的形象，
一个手托婴儿、满袖血污、朗声大笑的女医生形象，一个口
叼香烟、愁容满面、衣衫不整的女医生形象……
 “…

the author’s … and ineffable.”
… the author seems to be less articulate
on such qualities probably because it is hard
to understand and express such abilities.
“—hangings, curtains … Matthew Arnold!”
a list of luxurious and showy items analogous to
a book bound in vellum.
It is Whitman’s poetic response to the suggestion of
overbinding his book.
Song of Myself
in Leaves of Grass:

…I am the poet of the Body
 and I am the poet of the Soul,
The pleasures of heaven are with me
 and the pains of hell are with me,
 … The spotted hawk swoops by
 and accuses me,
 he complains of my gab and my loitering.
 I too am not a bit tamed,
 I too am untranslatable,
 I sound my barbaric YAWP
 over the roofs of the world.

 (1835
–1902) was an iconoclastic
Victorian-era English author who
published a variety of works. One of
his most famous pieces is a semiautobiographical novel published posthumously,
The Way of All Flesh. Butler also made prose
translations of the Iliad and Odyssey which
remain in use to this day.
An Irish author. Born in Dublin, he is most famous
for his sophisticated, brilliantly witty plays. His
masterpieces include The Importance of Being
Earnest and The Picture of Dorian Gray. He
studied at Trinity College, Dublin, and at
Magdalen College, Oxford, where he distinguished
himself for his biting wit, flamboyant dress, and
glittering conversation, Wilde became one of the
best-known personalities of his day.
Influenced by the aestheticism, Wilde is the
center of a group glorifying beauty for itself alone,
or “art for art’s sake”.
"I can resist everything except temptation."
– Oscar Wilde
 Graphology
is the study of handwriting to
determine personality.

Size
 People with small handwriting are able to
focus on projects, have good concentration
and are often shy. Larger writing says that
the person has a lot of ambition. People with
large handwriting often have equally large
personalities; they are outgoing and like the
spotlight. If you have average-sized
handwriting, your personality traits include
being adaptable and well-adjusted.
 Pressure
 Turn
the piece of paper over to examine the
back of it. This will help you to see how
much pressure the person places when
writing. .People who place a lot of pressure
tend to be successful and have a lot of
energy. On the opposite end of the spectrum,
people who place light pressure when writing
prefer to avoid any situation that may use up
their energy.


slant
If letters and words slant to the right, the person feels
emotionally connected to situations. People with rightslanting writing are often caring and outgoing. If the
writing slants to the left, the person may come off as
indifferent. These people often hide their feelings. People
with no slant to their writing, attempt to keep their
feelings and emotions under control by using their mind.
They are often reasonable and realistic.
an upward slant shows ambition and a forward thinking
individual

an straight signature, someone who is balanced in approach
to life and work

and downward slant, i.e. the signature starts on the line
and moves below may show someone who is not confident
of themselves or had self-esteem issues
 Organization-man
 It
refers to a man who subordinates
individualism to conformity with the
standards and requirements of an
organization or a big company.
 （组织机构内）驯顺的成员
 windy
(adj.)

using or expressed in exaggerated words
of little substance
e.g. Politicians’ windy generalizations are very
disgusting.
 “But
largely … the world.”

But mainly because he could adjust his wild
and impassioned speech to please his listeners
in a psychologically accurate way, millions of
people became excited and intoxicated at the
same time by his exaggerated and meaningless
talk while capable statesman, soldiers and
scientists were killed as useless wastes. In the
end, he almost ruled the world.























1 Sir Winston Churchill, eloquent speaker
2 Benjamin Franklin, his style of writing
3 John Wilkes
4 Cleopatra
5 Shakespeare, verbal magic
6 Montaigne
7 Dorothy Osborne
8 Horace Walpole
9 Samuel Johnson
10 Montesquieu
11 Voltaire
12 Flaubert
13 Anatole France
14 Francis Bacon
15 The doomed Vanzetti
16 Henry James
17 De Quincey
18 George Meredith
19 Bernard Shaw
20 Moliere
21 Jonathan Swift
22 George Smith Patton
23 Coleridge
 “…
regarded as … Benjamin Franklin.”

Considering his sharp and direct writing
style as “a principal means of my
advancement”, he achieved it partly by
working for a magazine as a young man but
mainly by writing with his distinct personal
style.

Start /advantage gained by
an beginning early (as in a
race)

"with an hour's start he will
be hard to catch“

Wilkes was notoriously ugly,
being called the ugliest man
in England at the time. He
possessed an unsightly squint
and protruding jaw, but he
had a charm that carried all
before it. He boasted that it
"took him only half an hour to
talk away his face",
 He
was well known for his verbal wit and his
snappy responses to insults. For instance,
when told by a constituent that he would
rather vote for the devil, Wilkes responded:
"Naturally." He then added: "And if your
friend decides against standing, can I count
on your vote?“
 Stand
for election / run for election / run for
an office
Experience Shakespeare's verbal magic
Love looks not with the eyes, but with the mind,
And therefore is winged Cupid painted blind.

Love is blind, and lovers cannot see, The pretty
follies that themselves commit.
I pray you, do not fall in love with me, For I am
falser than vows made in wine.
You have witchcraft in your lips.
I had rather hear my dog bark at a crow than a
man swear he loves me.
British
American
Public school
A private school
which charges fees
A state school for
which there are no
fees
subway
A pedestrian walkway
under a road.
An underground
railway system. Also
the name of
a sandwich fast food
chain.
Restroom
/bathroom
For rest and take a
bath
toilet
Yank
Any American.
A person from the
northeast of the USA.
Pants
underwear
slacks, trousers, or
jeans
pissed
drunk
angry
It's quite legal to be pissed in a car in a traffic jam.
American boss (A), Chinese employee (C)
 A: It looks like we will have to keep the production line
running on Saturday.
 C: I see.
 A: Can you come in on Saturday?
 C: Yes, I think so.
 A: That’ll be a great help.
 C: Yes, Saturday is a special day, did you know?
 A: What do you mean?
 C: It’s my son’s birthday.
 A: How nice. I hope you enjoy it. I’ll see you at 9
Saturday.
 C: ……

 Language
both: a) reflects cultural world
view
 and b) shape the world view
 abundance
or scarcity of certain concept words
reflects a culture’s reality.
1. Language reflects the environment

most of Asia: rice and food are one word

Arabic: 3,000 words for camel

Most of Africa: dry season and rain season
 2.
Language reflects culture values
阿姨，姑姑，姨妈，
舅母，婶婶
aunt
叔叔，伯伯，舅舅，
姨父，姑父
uncle
表兄弟，堂兄弟，
表姐妹，堂姐妹
婆婆，公公，
岳母，岳父
cousin
Mom, dad
林黛玉的母亲是贾宝玉的姑母，贾宝玉的母亲是林黛玉
的舅母，又是薛宝钗的姨母。
 Black
– e.g. (in Chinese) evil, death…
 Blue
 Green
 Pink
 Red
 White
 Yellow
 Black
– death, evil, mourning, sexy
 Blue – cold, masculine, sad, sky
 Green – envy, greed, money
 Pink – feminine, shy, softness, sweet
 Red – anger, hot, love, sex
 White – good, innocent, peaceful, pure
 Yellow – caution, happy sunshine, warm
 one’s
language determines his/her categories of
thought
Color categories in three cultures
 English
purple
 Shona
blue
red
of Zimbabwe-Rhodesia
cipsuka
 Bassa
green yellow orange
citema
cicena
of Liberia
hui
ziza
cipsuka
 The
labels which the language provides tend to
shape the person’s overall cognitive
organization of color and to cause varying
degrees of color discrimination.
 Eskimo: seven different words for snow to
distinguish different types of snow (falling snow,
snow on the ground, fluffy snow, wet snow,
etc.). Eskimos are more capable of noticing
difference in snow than people from hot area.
 As white as snow – 像白鹭毛一样白
Straight
zigzag
Wavy
curvy
crooked
We perceive these lines as divisible
and put them into different
categories because our language
has given us such choices.
Straight
zigzag
Wavy
curvy
crooked
 No
small
eggs





Americans are so intent upon flattering themselves and exalting
their positions that they can no longer call things by their right and
proper names. What is mundane and common is renamed in order
to sound valuable or impressive.
Henry is the modern American. His house trailer has become a
mobile home and the mobile home has become manufactured
housing.
In front of the manufactured house is not a used car but a preowned vehicle. At the curb are not garbage cans but waste
receptacles. These have not been put out for the trash collector or
garbage man but have been readied for retrieval by the sanitation
engineer, not to be hauled to the dump but to be transferred to
the sanitary landfill.
Out of the window comes, not the smell of coffee, but the aroma
of java or espresso. Sitting at the table is Henry. He is not a
salesman but a marketing representative. If he has one more good
week he can earn the title of merchandising associate.
Though he works dirt cheap he doesn't know it, for he is told he is
earning "above the minimum wage" and every other Friday he
receives, not pay but, compensation.
 “汉字简化后，親不见，愛无心，產不生，厰空
空，麵无麦，運无车，導无道，兒无首，飛单
翼，有雲无雨，開関无门，鄉里无郎。
 “I
would … accursed themes.”

I would be very upset and confused by
forcing myself to study those detestable
subjects.





Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man;
and writing an exact man.
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。
Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for
ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness
and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for
ability, is in the judgment and disposition of
business.
译文：读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。其怡情
也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论
之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。
（王佐良 译）
读书予人乐趣，赋人文采，长人才干。独处幽居，最能
体会读书的乐趣；与人交谈，最能展现从书中收获的文
采；处世判事，最能发挥从书中斩获的才干。(王宏译）
 “But
writing … futile anguish.”

But writing about something one knows
little about is painful and useless.

The author is referring to his earlier
experience of writing essays on unfamiliar
topics at Rugby, which he considers painful
and fruitless.
 pugnacious
[pʌɡ'neiʃəs]
 adj. 好斗的，好战的；爱吵架
 This

rather pugnacious type is mostly male.
这种好斗型也大多是男性。
 “…
and only … amassing enemies.”

… and only the aggressive people like
inviting many enemies.
 amass
a fortune/ wealth/a large fund
 amass
information/ database
 amass
votes/resources
 “The
positive … it is.”

I think the positive feeling of happiness
about writing derives from a sense about the
decent and useful finished work and from the
readers’ responses to confirm that sense or
delude the author into believing that.
Fathom vt. 看穿；彻底了解；测量…的深度
 Fathomable adj. 看得透的 unfathomable

“But even … soon fathomed.”

The metaphor means even carefully
cultivated obscurity is soon found out.

“… they can … help breathing.”

Really original people cannot but show
their originality, just as they cannot but breathe.
 can't but do sth
 can‘t help but do sth
禁不住做某事
 Can’t help doing sth

 “…
he fought … of cant.’ ”

The quote is probably taken from The
Cambridge History of English and American
Literature, Volume X: The Age of Johnson.
The original words are:

He had cleared his mind of cant, and he
wrote to give his readers the strength that
comes from the honesty of looking straight at
things as they are.
 not
turn a hair

remain completely calm when something
bad or surprising suddenly happens
 “People
who … one’s life.”

People who wouldn’t steal others’ money
do not hesitate to waste their time.
 exasperate
vt.
 1.激怒，触怒；
 She was exasperated by the senseless delays.
 2.使(痛苦、疾病、坏情绪等)加剧，aggravate
a
temper exasperated by worry
 因忧虑而变坏的脾气
“Therefore there … given point.”

Thus the writer cannot be forgiven who
deals excessively long with a certain topic
just as it takes an excessively long time for a
group of soldiers to march past a certain
place.

English Phrases
English Greetings
Hi!
Good morning!
Good evening!
How are you?
Scottish Phrases
Scottish Greetings:
Awrite!
Guid mornin!
Guid eenin!
Hou ar ye?
Hou's aw wi ye?
Ye: Traditionally pronounced the same as the, but now
often pronounced with the ordinary sound of <y>: /jiː/
I'm fine, thanks!
And you?
Good/ So-So.
Thank you (very much)!
What's new?
Nothing much
Good night!
See you later!
Good bye!
Asking for Help and Directions
I'm lost
Can you help me?
One moment please!
Hold on please! (phone)
How much is this?
A'm fine, slainte!
An ye?
Guid / so-so.
Thenk ye (uncoly)!
Whit's new?
Naething muckle!
Guid nicht!
See ye efter!
Guid cheerio the nou!
Excuse me ...! (to ask for something)
Ho ye!
A'm tint.
Can ye gie's a haund?
Ae moment please!
Haud on please!
Hau much is this?
Barn's burnt down (haiku)
Barn's burnt down -now
I can see the moon.
Mizuta Masahide (水田 正秀, 1657–1723) was a
seventeenth century Japanese poet
 “Wellington,
when … a reception.”

“Wellington” probably refers to the Duke
of Wellington (1769-1852), a British soldier
and politician born in Ireland. He was a very
successful military leader, and is famous for
defeating Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo
in 1815. He later became Prime Minister
(1828-1830).
 Varying

sentence structure
(SIMPLE) The ancient Greek city-states of Ellis and
Pisa were at war in the spring of 776 B. C. (SIMPLE)
Finally they made peace in the summer. (SIMPLE) To
celebrate the peace, each city decided to hold
athletic games. (COMPLEX) Wishing to honor gods,
they held their games jointly in the valley of Olympia,
where Zeus and his wife Hera were believed to live in
temples. (SIMPLE) In the first Olympic match, the only
sport was foot-racing. (COMPLEX) Because winning
was all that mattered to the Greeks, no speed or
distance records were kept. (SIMPLE) Out of this first
match grew our tradition of Olympic Games.
 Varying

sentence beginnings
(SUBJECT) The ancient Greek city-states of Ellis and
Pisa were at war in the spring of 776 B. C. (ADVERB)
Finally they made peace in the summer. (INFINITIVE
PHRASE) To celebrate the peace, each city decided to
hold athletic games. (PARTICIPAL PHRASE) Wishing to
honor gods, they held their games jointly in the valley
of Olympia, where Zeus and his wife Hera were
believed to live in temples. (PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE)
In the first Olympic match, the only sport was footracing. (ADVERB CLAUSE) Because winning was all that
mattered to the Greeks, no speed or distance records
were kept. (INVERTED ORDER) Out of this first match
grew our tradition of Olympic Games.
His enemies said he had the “most
hideous” smile in Europe. It was a thin,
skull-like smile that sneered at everything
sacred: religion, love, patriotism, censorship,
and the harmony of the spheres. It was a smile
of mockery, cynicism, and lechery.
 It was certainly the most famous smile in eighteenthcentury Europe. But reproduced in a thousand
paintings, statues, busts, caricatures, miniatures, and
medallions. Voltaire himself, rather tenderly, called
it the grin of “a maimed monkey” (“un singe
estropié“). To understand just something of that
celebrated monkey grin—which symbolizes both
Voltaire’s intelligence and his mischief—is to
understand a great deal about the Europe he tried to
change.

 Gothic
novel / one genre of the English
literature. It describes horror and darkness.
Gothic elements include horror, mystery,
supernatural things.
 Best gothic novels
The Phantom of the Opera (1910) by Gaston Leroux
Dracula (1897) by Bram Stoker
Frankenstein (1818) by Mary Shelley