继续教育学院 School of Continuing Education, Jilin University 大学英语 （二）

授课教师： 张绪忠

New Practical English —Comprehensive, Book 2 Network Education College Jilin University Unit 6: shopping and sightseeing Focal points 1. Commonly-used expressions in shopping 2. Special terms used in tourism 3. Shopping tips in the USA 4. Cultural awareness in tourism 5. Shopping online 6. Grammar: the present and past participle

1. commonly-used expressions in shopping and sightseeing( 知识点 1 ：购物常用语 )              Where is the shopping area / shopping center / department store in this town?

Is it far from here?

Are there any unusual things produced in this town?

What time do stores open?

Do you have something special in this area?

Could you show me something in my size?

Can I pick it up?

Could you show me another one?

What kind of colors do you have?

Do you have anything smaller?

Do you have any other style?

This is not what I’m looking for What would you recommend?

continued

                        Can I try this on?

Where is the fitting room?

It doesn’t fit This is too short (long/tight/loose) What is this made of?

Do you have anything else around 80 dollars?

Can I get a little discount?

Can you order it for me?

How long does it take?

I’ll take this I’d like three same as this.

This is a present Can you wrap it as a gift?

Can you wrap these separately?

How much it all together?

Does it include tax?

Can I buy it tax-free?

Do you accept traveler’s checks?

Do you accept this credit card?

Is there a mistake in this bill?

You gave me the wrong change.

Can I have a receipt, please I don’t have my change back yet.

I already paid

Sample dialogue in shopping: from beginning to the end                  A: I’m going to the mall.

B: When?

A: This afternoon at 2:00. Do you want to come?

B: I’d love to. I need a new skirt.

In the clothing store: Salesperson: Can I help you?

Customer: I’m looking for a skirt.

S: Let me show you. All the skirts are on sale today. They are 25% off. What size are you looking for?

C:I wear a size 6 petite.( 小号妇女服装 ) S: The petite sizes are on this rack. What color do you like?

C: Maybe light blue or pink.

S: Okay. How about this one? The pink and white stripes match your blouse.

C: I don’t like stripes. I would like a skirt without stripes.

S: Okay. Let’s see. Here we have a hot pink ( 艳粉色 )skirt. Do you like this one?

C: Oh yes, I do. Oh, what about this blue one? This is a beautiful skirt. Can I try the pink and the blue skirts on?

S: Of course. The dressing room is behind the cash register on your left.

C: Thank you.

Continued

 The customer comes out of the dressing room wearing the pink skirt.

          S: Oh, that skirt looks beautiful on you. It fits very well. Did you try on the other skirt, too?

C: Yes, I did. But it doesn’t fit. it is too tight on my waist. I like this one very much. How much is it?

S: Regular price is $58. It is $43.50 on sale.

C: That’s a good price. I’ll take it. Where do I pay?

S: The cash register is next to the escalator. Follow me, please. How will you pay? Cash or check?

C: With Visa. Here’s my credit card.

S: Thank you. $43.50 plus tax. That’s $45.75. Sign here please. Would you like your receipt in the bag?

C: Yes, please.

S: Okay, here is your bag. Thank you very much. Have a nice day.

C: Thank you. Good-bye.

                     

2. Special terms used in tourism( 知识点 2 ： 旅游常用词汇 )

中国国家旅游局

China National Tourism Administration

国际旅行社

international travel service

旅游管理局 旅行社

travel agency /travel service

旅游公司

tourism company

团体旅游

group tour

包价旅游

tourist administration bureau package tour

春游

spring outing

秋游

autumn outing/fall excursion

假日游

vacation trip

蜜月旅行

honeymoon tour/bridal tour

境外旅游

overseas tour

一日游

one-day sightseeing

持证导游

licensed tourist guide

导游翻译

guide interpreter

实习导游

student guide

导游手册

tourist brochure

自然景观

natural scenery

人文景观

places of cultural and historical interest

旅游景点

tourist attractions /scenic spots

山水风光

landscape /scenery with mountains andrivers

名山大川

famous mountains and great rivers

Continued

                        旅行推销员 commercial traveller （美作： traveling salesman ） 旅游者 tourist 旅行指南 itinerary 旅行路线 route 游览 pleasure trip 商务旅行 business trip 出境游 outbound tourism ； 出境游客 outbound tourist 背包旅行者 自由行 backpacker free walker outbound travel 环程旅行 往返旅行 circular tour return journey ； 单程旅行 远足 outward journey excursion ； outing round trip 探险 expedition 旅行支票 旅游散客 traveller's cheque independent traveler 旅游团 度假区 tour group holiday resort 票 ticket 票价 fare 单程票 single ticket 往返票 round-trip ticket ； 半票 half-price ticket return ticket

  

Sample dialogue in sightseeing from the beginning to the end

Hi mum. I am going to the travel agency, now. Why? Becouse I want to buy a trip around the London. Ok, bye.

LATER IN THE TRAVEL AGENCY - Good morning.

- Good morning, sir. How can I help you?

- Are there any organized coach tours around the London?

- Yes, there are, one-day long, two-day long. What would you like to see?

I don’t know. Big Ben, Birminhon Palace, places of historical interest.

- We can offer you such a trip. Your sightseeing starts in 19th century district.

- Can I see historical and architectural monuments, or any picture gallery?

- Yes of corse.

- And how much does that coach tour cost?

- 75 pounds, sir.

- At what time does the saightseeing begin?

Tomorrow at 8 o’clock in the morning.

- And my last question. What language does quide use?

- Polish, French, Spanish Italian and Russian.

- Ok. I would like to buy it. This is my money.

- Thank you.

Continued

 FEW HOURS LATER - May I introduce myself? My name is Martin.

- Nice to me. My name is Przemek. Are you enjoying yourself?

- Yes. I like it very much. I like the scenery a lot. What do you think about the situation in the world?

- I disapprove any acts of terror.

- Our guide is 15 minutes late.

Oooh, he’s coming.

- Sorry for my delay, sir. There was a horiblle trafic jam.

- Stay cool.

- We are in 19th century district. Here lived a great poet.

- Who?

- Anderson.

- I like his stories.

- What is on the end of this street?

- The cementary. There the national hero is buried.

- Sorry, I must go to a kiosk - Quine Mather.

书报亭 to buy a newspaper.

- Fine, we go along pavement about 500 meters. - Wow,what a fantastic monument ! Who does this monumen represent?

- Can you take me a picture, please?

    AFTER VISITING THE KIOSK WE WENT TO THE CHURCH - So, this is baroque church( 巴洛克 ) dates from 10th century A.D. But this part dates from the 5th century A.D.

- Who was the founder of the church?

They were monks, who came from Scotland. So, let’s enter. There is entrance.

LATER - Fantastic countyard and fresco （壁画） !

- And this tomb and catacomb 地下墓穴 - Who is painted in this picture?

, too.

- I know. I love this place, too. Come on. I want to show you a picture.

It’s ….

Don’t say anything. I know. It is a man and his palace in industrial district.

Palace in industrial district? It’s stupid!

- That man was the richest person in whole England. He made the memorial stone and founded The Memorial Institue. You can see his palace if you go along a bridge and then turn left after a square.!

Ok, so why don’t we go to the palace. There is the exit.

- Right, so where are we going apart from the palace.

- We can go also to the ancient barracks 兵营 , to the monastery and to the marketplace.

- Is there any opera house in London?

Continued

  Yes, there are two. But we can’t go there because the passage is too expensive.

I see this palace. And I see … Yes, you can see the university. It’s the biggest university in this city. It cames from medieval times.

- Realy, interesting. And one more question. Why are here so many lanterns?

灯 笼，灯罩，灯饰 I don’t know. There are many stories about it. Some people think they prevent thieves in the park from being needled.

- This gate in this palace is great.

- I know. This facade 外表 is made by Micha Anio.

- Guide, sorry. Where does this staircase lead?

To the seat … I don’t remember. Come to this memorial panel 镶板 and read.

- Oooh, I understand now. Ok, now we can go to the marketplace.

- Why, are you talking only about the marketplace?

- Because I must buy some stained glass.

I see. So, let’s take suburban coach.

花窗玻璃（ stainedglass ），为西方建筑装饰品，常见于教堂，装置于建物墙面上。 在伊斯兰教的清真寺，花窗玻璃艺术也很常见。

Continued

  ON THE MARKETPLACE - Przemek, can you buy stained glass?

Yes. It’s great place. I have never seen so many shop windows.

It is obvious. It’s the biggest marketplace in Europe. And this part was erected in early 13th century. And this is the end of our coach tour.

- Oh, no. It was fantastic.

Yes, fantastic. But why don’t we visit botanical or zoological garden?

- Because, sightseeing the gardens is expensive and to long for a one-day trip.

- I see. Ok, bye.

- Good bye.

3. Shopping tips in the USA （知识点 3 ： 美国购物注意事项）

   

Many tourists look for bargains in the US--- You can find many bargains in the US if you know where to shop and how to take advantage of the competitive sales.

The big shopping malls are in the suburbs--- the big shopping malls and discount stores are usually located out in the suburban communities.

Department stores offer good quality and high fashion-- Department stores are large establishments that offer a wide selection of merchandise including fashion clothing, house wares, appliances, luggage and jewelry. They normally offer good quality merchandise, well known brands and the latest fashions Discount stores sell at low prices---Discount stores sell some good quality merchandise at affordable prices and some lower quality merchandise at very low prices. If you are not looking for the latest fashions, or the famous brands, or the best quality, you can find some very inexpensive merchandise at a discount store. Some national discount chains with stores across the US are K Mart, Wal-Mart, Target and Caldor.

Continued

    

State and local sales taxes can be confusing

The US government does not levy a value-added tax on merchandise as governments do in many other countries, but most states and some cities collect a sales tax on all purchases. State taxes usually average 4% to 8%. Some cities add an additional 2%. Remember when you purchase something for $1.00, you may have to pay $1.08. Some states exempt all clothing and food purchases from sales tax. If you buy something big like a car or motorcycle, be sure to specify that it will be exported and you can usually obtain an exemption from the sales tax.

Words of caution about sizes and electronics

Clothing sizes in the USA are based on measurements in inches. If you purchase any electric appliances or electronics in the US, remember that all electrical items are normally 110v and 60Hz. Be sure that the item is adaptable to your local electric supply. US televisions, video recorders and cell phones use different standards than most other countries and are incompatible.

 

4. Cultural awareness in tourism(

知识 点

4

：旅游中的文化意识

)

Cultural practices, cultural differences, local manners, and mores: traveling the globe can be a behavioral minefield, even when you have the best intentions. Everything from greeting to eating can be an opportunity to do the wrong thing, and not only embarass yourself, but offend your host countrymen. Look out for the following cultural mistakes and try to avoid them while going abroad.

文化习惯、文化差异、当地礼仪和风俗：即使你怀着 良好的意愿，这些文化陷阱也可能让你的环球旅游险 象环生。从问候到饮食，稍不留神就会出差错，不仅 让自己难堪，还有可能冒犯东道主。到国外时要特别 留心并尽量避免误入以下几种文化陷阱。

4.1 Touching Someone 触摸他人

   Where It’s Offensive: Korea, Thailand, China, Europe, the Middle East.

What’s Offensive ： Personal space varies as you travel the globe. In Mediterranean countries, if you refrain from touching someone’s arm when talking to them or if you don’t greet them with kisses or a warm embrace, you’ll be considered cold. But backslap someone who isn’t a family member or a good friend in Korea, and you’ll make them uncomfortable. In Thailand, the head is considered sacred--never even pat a child on the head.

What You Should Do Instead let along touching.

： Observe what locals are doing and follow suit. In Eastern countries remember that touching and public displays of affection are unacceptable. In places like Qatar and Saudi Arabia, men and women are forbidden from interacting,

4.2

Blowing Your Nose 擤鼻涕

    Where It’s Offensive: Japan, China, Saudi Arabia, France.

What’s Offensive: Some cultures find it disgusting to blow your nose in public--especially at the table. The Japanese and Chinese are alsorepelled by the idea of a handkerchief.

What You Should Do Instead: If traveling through Eastern and Asian countries, leave the hankies at home and opt fordisposable tissues instead. In France as well as in Eastern countries, if you’re dining and need to clear your nasal passages, excuse yourself and head to the restroom. Worst-case scenario: make an exaggerated effort to steer away from the table. Let’s hope you don’t have a cold.

4.3 Talking Over Dinner 就餐时谈话

    Where It’s Offensive: Africa, Japan, Thailand, China, Finland.

What’s Offensive In some countries, like China, Japan, and some African nations, the food’s the thing, so don’t start chatting about your day’s adventures while everyone else is digging into dinner. You’ll likely be met with silence--not because your group is unfriendly, but because mealtimes are for eating, not talking. Also avoid conversations in places a country might consider sacred or reflective--churches in Europe, temples in Thailand, and saunas in Finland.

What You Should Do Instead: Keep quiet!

4.4 Removing Your Shoes or Not 脱鞋与否

    Where It’s Offensive: Hawaii, the South Pacific, Korea, China, Thailand.

What’s Offensive: Take off your shoes when arriving at the door of a London dinner party and the hostess will find you uncivilized, but fail to remove your shoes before entering a home in Asia, Hawaii, or the Pacific Islands and you’ll be considered disrespectful. Not only does shoe removal very practically keeps sand and dirt out of the house, it’s a sign of leaving the outside world behind.

What You Should Do Instead: If you see a row of shoes at the door, start undoing your laces. If not, keep the shoes on.

4.5 Knowing Your Right from Your Left 分清左右 手

    Where It’s Offensive: India, Morocco, Africa, the Middle East.

What’s Offensive: Many cultures still prefer to eat using traditional methods--their hands. In these cases, food is often offered communally, which is why it’s important to wash your hands before eating and observe the right-hand-is-for-eating and the left-hand-is-for-other-duties rule. If you eat with your left hand, expect your fellow diners to be mortified. And when partaking from a communal bowl, stick to a portion that’s closest to you. Do not get greedy and plunge your hand into the center.

What You Should Do Instead: Left-handed? Attempt to be ambidextrous--even children who are left-handed in these cultures are taught to eat with their right hand--or at least explain yourself to your fellow diners before plunging in.

Conclusion

  Once you are on the ground of a different country, remain highly sensitive to native behavior. Never be completely surprised by anything; try to take it in stride, and don’t feel offended if something seems offensive--like queue jumping. After all, this is a global village, and we are all very different.

一旦你踏上异国的土地，就要对当地人的一举一动高 度敏感。千万不要大惊小怪，尽量使自己泰然自若， 对一些看似无礼的行为也不要恼火 共同的家园。 —— 比如插队。毕 竟，我们生活在一个地球村，不同的文化构成了我们

5. Shopping online(

知识点

5

：网上购物

)

   In the past a lot of people were reluctant to shop online. Many were worried about the security of entering their card details on the internet and the reliability of the internet but as shopping online has become more widespread, these worries have begun to disappear. 45% of internet users still do have security worries but it hasn’t slowed down the ever-increasing numbers of online shoppers.

Online shopping is becoming more and more popular for a number of reasons; prices are often lower online, you don’t have to queue up in busy shops and you can buy almost any product imaginable with just a few clicks of your mouse. Computer trends are often male-dominated but women are expected to do more shopping on the internet than men. It seems women are now more attracted to the convenience of online shopping than they used to be. Next, we are going to study a text concerning a person’s experience with online shopping.

Text study: ordering a gift online 网上订购礼品

      Rarely do I surf the web as an Internet shopper myself. But last night I decided I would like to send a gift to an aunt and uncle that my family recently had the pleasure of visiting. I went to one of the major search engines and searched using the words “ordering flowers online” or something to that effect. As I went through each of the top sites that appeared, I was dismayed to find so many obstacles to making a simple online transaction! 1. rarely do I……inverted order / structure 2. something to that effect: something like that 3. obstacle: an object that makes it difficult for you to go where you want to go ex: To succeed, you must learn to overcome obstacles.

4. dismay: make somebody feel sad, afraid, worried ex: I was homesick and dismayed by the quiet of the country.

5. transaction: a piece of business, for example an act of buying or selling something ex: The transaction closed on jan. 2.

Continued

    The first site had a good product which I thought about ordering, but when I clicked on the “order this item” graphic, it brought me to a page with empty fields to fill out, where I was supposed to put in THEIR product number and price! 1. graphic: drawing and picture that are composed using simple lines and sometimes strong colours 图 标 2. …..where I was supposed to….

Ex: It’s 3:00 now, and they were supposed to be here an hour ago!

Continued

   The next site charged extremely high (in my opinion) shipping charges. It doesn’t seem quite right that a $25 bonsai tree( 盆景树 ) should have a $10 shipping charge to me. The next site had no secure order form. (Although when I wrote to them expressing my disappointment that they had no secure order form, they assured me that they did indeed have one and had had it for years --- still, it wasn’t showing secure for me!) 1. charge: ask to pay for ex: The hospitals charge the patients for every aspirin 2. assure: tell sb that sth is definitely true ex:I can assure you that this is not the case.

Continued

    One site had a great order form and shopping cart. I added my chosen product to the shopping cart and it seemed to work fine, but then I couldn’t find any way to GO TO the shopping cart to place my order! I knew it had to be there somewhere. Upon further inspection, I found a tiny link among the list of links in the left border column that said “go to shopping cart.” Now I’m an experienced Internet user, I can’t even imagine what it must be like for total beginners who want to buy things online. For whatever reason, probably out of spite because I couldn’t find the “go to shopping cart link,” I moved on. 1. upon further inspection: as I search for more 2. out of spite: She did it out of spite.

她那么做是出于恶意。 I'm sure he only said it out of spite.

我相信他只是为了泄愤才那么 说的。

Continued

      So, I did another search on Hot Bot and this time noticed a banner ad, the kind that pops up on your computer when you log into a com website, for the FTD to get to a (Florists’ Telegraph Delivery) site.

I rarely click on banner ads, but this seemed to be what I was looking for, so I clicked through. What a difference! The FTD site was well organized, easy to browse through, secure, and had reasonable shipping charges. My question is why do we still have “big dog” to get that kind of service?

1. banner ad: 通栏广告 2. pop up: If someone or something pops up, they appear in a place or situation unexpectedly.

3. log into: 登录 4. FTD ：花卉快速投递公司 5. browse through: 浏览

Continued

   By the way, at around 1:30 AM last night, I ended up ordering a nice little flowering plant from the FTD site, securely and quickly with only a $5 and some cents shipping charge (which would have been the same no matter how much I ordered, I believe), which will be promptly delivered to my aunt and uncle today sometime. 1. which would have been…..

2. promptly: immediately, at once ex: Please do your homework promptly.

6. Grammar: the present and past participle ( 知识点 6 ：现在分词与过去分词）

      分词就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词， 有各种动 词性特点，如时态、语态等。分词分为现在分词和过 去分词两种，是一种非谓语动词形式。现在分词的构 成是在动词后加 ing ，过去分词是规则动词后加 ed ， 不规则动词则必须特殊记忆。 现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示 “主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成 比如： developing / developed country falling leaf / fallen leaf 分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等，构成分 词短语。 比如： studying English

分词作状语

     分词在 句子 中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结 果、让步、方式、伴随等。 The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.( 伴随 ) Being busy, he has no time to take care of his wife. ( 原 因 ) Criticized by his friend, he felt ashamed.( 原因 ) Working hard, you will succeed.( 条件 )   分词（短语）作状语时需符合一前提条件： 分词的逻辑 主语 应与句中主语相一致，比如上面的例子。

独立结构

             如果分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，那么就需要使用独立结构，即分词必须带 有自己的逻辑主语，例如： It being Sunday, there is no one in school.

独立结构具有与分词短语一样的功能，如： 表示时间 The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。 Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。 表示条件 The condition being favourable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。 表示原因 There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。 He wrapped her up with great care,the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷， 所以他把她裹得严严实实的。 表示伴随情况 Almost all metals are good conductors,silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金 属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。 (=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.)

分词的时态



当

现在分词

所表示动作与谓语动作同时发生 , 则 用现在分词的一般式，如上面的例子，所表示 的动作发生在

谓语

动词之前时 , 则用现在分词的 完成式 ,



Having finished his homework, he went out for fun.



Having been criticized for many times, the pupil did not dare make any mistakes in spelling.

分词前表逻辑关系的连接词



现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分 词前加 while ， when, once, although, until, if 等 从属连词，表示逻辑关系



Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam.



While watching TV, he fell into sleep.



If permitted, he would go to Shanghai.

分词作定语

     分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之 前，单个分词作定语置于被修饰词的前面，分词短语 作定语，置于被修饰词的后面。现在分词修饰的是发 出该动作的名词 ( 即与名词有主谓关系 ) ，过去分词修 饰承受该动作的名词 ( 即与名词是 动宾关系 ) 。 We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.

The person standing there is my teacher.

This is really an exhausting day to all of us!

We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.

分词作表语



分词作表语通常看作

形容词

来用。现在分词表 示主语的性质，而且主语多为物；过去分词表 示主语的感受或状态，主语多为人。



例： The situation is encouraging.



The theory sounds quite convincing.

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The book is interesting and I am interested in reading it.

分词练习题

                     1. Anyone ______ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police.

A. seen carry B. seen carrying C. saw to carry D. saw carrying 2. The plane crashed, _____ all 200 people aboard. A. killed B. having killed C. killing D. had killed 3. We solved the problem by reducing our costs and _____ more money. A. borrowed B. borrowing C. would borrow D. had borrowed 4. I asked the boss for a month’s holiday and, _____ it or not, he agreed. A. believe B. to believe C. believing D. believed 5. The new manager started last week, ______ with him plenty of new ideas.

A. bringing B. brought C. to bring D. to have brought 6. Any student ______ will be disqualified from the exam.

A. catching cheating B. catching to cheat C. caught cheating D. caught to cheat 7. She read the letter through before sending it, _____ for spelling mistakes. A. checked B. to be checking C. checking D. having checked 8. Before you decide to leave your job, ______ the effect it will have on your family. A. consider B. considering C. to consider D. considered 9. If you’re going on a long car journey, ______ sure the vehicle’s in good condition.

A. making B. to make C. make D. having made 10. ______ the road round to the right and you’ll find his house. A. Follow B. Following C. To be following D. Having followed 1 —5 BCBAA 6—10 CCACA

独立结构练习

                     1 ． Ford tried dividing the labor ， each worker ___________ a separate task ． A ． assigning B ． assigned C ． was assigned D ． would be assigned 2 ． The lecture ________ ， he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker ． A ． began B ． beginning C ． having begun D ． being beginning 3 ． Such _________the case ， there are no grounds to justify your complaints ． A ． being B ． is C ． was D ． to be 4 ． Darkness ________in ， the young people lingered on merrymaking( 狂欢 ) ． A ． set B ． setting C ． has set D ． was set 5 ． With all factors _________ ， we think this program may excel all the others in achieving the goal ． A ． being considered B ． considering C ． considered D ． are considered 6 ． A new technique ________ ， the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent ． A ． to have been worked out B ． having worked out C ． working out D ． having been worked out 7 ． On the top was the clear outline of a great wolf sitting still ， ears _________ ， alert ， listening ． A ． pointed B ． pointing C ． are pointed D ． are pointing 8 ． Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office ， but our work _________ ， we declined the offer ． A ． not being finished B ． not having finished C ． had not been finished D ． was not finished 9 ． There are various kinds of metals ， each ________its own properties ． A ． has B ． had C ． to have D ． having 10 ． The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports ， each __one major point in contrast with the other ． A ． makes B ． made C ． is to make D ． making Key ： 1 —5 BCABC 6—10 DAADD