MRC SEA HYDROPOWER ON THE MEKONG MAINSTREAM

CAMBODIA NATIONAL SCOPING WORKSHOP

16-17 JULY 2009 SUNWAY HOTEL 1

1. EIA Process in Cambodia

Prepared by : Mr. Duong Samkeat EIA Department/Ministry of Environment 16-17 July 2009 2

Structure of EIA Department

EIA Department was established in 1996 and there are 5 offices : 1. Project Review Office 2. Monitoring Office 3. Disputed, Legislative and International Cooperation Office 4. Planning and Statistics Office 5. Administration and Accounting Office References: - Sub-decree No.57 ANK-BK dated 25 Sept. 1997 on the Organization and Functioning of the MoE (Article 10). - PRAKAS No. 346 Pr.K.SSR.BSt. dated 30 Dec. 2005 on the Organization and Functioning of the EIA Dept.

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Law/Sub-decree concerning EIA Process

Law on Environmental Protection and Natural Resource Management (24 Dec. 1996)

Article 6:

An environmental impact assessment shall be conducted on every project and activity of the private or public, and shall be approved by the Ministry of Environment before being submitted to the Royal Government for decision.

This assessment shall also be conducted for existing activities that have not yet been assessed for environmental impacts.

The procedures of the process for environmental impact assessment shall be defined by sub-decree following a proposal of the Ministry of Environment.

The nature and size of the proposed projects and/ or activities (proposed and existing) both private and public, that shall be subject an environmental impact assessment which shall be defined by sub-decree following a proposal of the Ministry of Environment.

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Law/Regulation concerning EIA Process

Law on Environmental Protection and Natural Resource Management (24 Dec. 1996)

Article 7:

All investment Project Applications and all proposed State projects shall be subject to an initial Environmental Impact Assessment (IEIA) and / or Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) as specified in article 6 of this law. The Ministry of environment shall review and provide recommendations on the IEIA and / or EIA to the competent bodies within period determined by the Law on Investment of the Kingdom of Cambodia.

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Sub-decree on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Process (11 August 1999)

The purpose of this Sub-decree is:  An EIA shall be done on every project and activity, private or public, and shall be reviewed by the Ministry of Environment before being submitted to the Royal Government for decision,  The nature and size of the proposed projects and activities and existing and in-process activities, both private and public, shall be subject to environmental impact assessment, and  Foster public participation in the EIA process in recognition that their concerns should be considered in the project decision-making process.

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Sub-decree on Water Pollution Control (06 April 1999)

The purpose of this Sub-decree is to regulate the water pollution control in order to prevent and reduce the water pollution of the public water areas so that the protection of human health and the conservation of biodiversity should be ensured.

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Sub-decree on Solid Waste Management (27 April 1999)

The purpose of this Sub-decree is to regulate the solid waste management with proper technical manner and safe way in order to ensure the protection of human health and the conservation of biodiversity.

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Sub-decree on Air and Noise Pollution Control (10 July 2000)

The purpose of this Sub-decree is to protect the environmental quality and public health from air pollutants and noise pollution through monitoring curb and mitigation activities.

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Current Status for EIA Implementation in Cambodia

Council for the Development of Cambodia (CDC): (Reference: Sub-decree No 147 ANK/BK on the Organization and Functioning of the Council for the Development of Cambodia, 2005)  The CDC is the sole and One-Stop Service organization responsible for the rehabilitation, development and the oversight of investment activities. The CDC is the Royal Government’s “Etat –Major” responsible for the evaluation and the decision making on all rehabilitation, development and investment project activities.

 To guide the preparation of development conception and strategies for Cambodia in cooperation with the relevant institutions.

 The CDC comprises the following two operational Boards: The Cambodian Rehabilitation and Development Board, and the Cambodian Investment Board.

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Environmental Consultant

EIA Process for Proposed Projects Approved by CDC or RGC

Project Proponent CDC or RGC Decision Makers IEE/EIA Require Project Proponent Implementation Projects & EMP Submit IAF, Feasibility Study, IEE/EIA Report One-Stop Service Mechanism Scoping and TOR for IEE/EIA Study Prepare IEE/EIA Report IEE/EIA Review by MoE 30 days Collaborate with Line Ministries IEE/EIA Revise EIA Full Scale Require IEE/EIA Approval Project Proponent Revises IEE/EIA Report or Prepares EIA Full Scale Report 11

Current Status for EIA Implementation in Cambodia

Sub-Committee on Investment of the Capital-Provincial Level (Reference: Sub-decree No 17 ANK/BK on The Establishment of the Capital-Provincial Sub-Committee on Investment of the Kingdom of Cambodia, 2005)  The Sub-Committee on Investment of the Capital Provincial Level is the sole and One-Stop Service Mechanism responsible for the rehabilitation, development and the oversight of investment activities.  The Sub Committee on investment’s registration and shall be under registration mechanism of the CDC/CIB that have investment with capital not exceeding USD 2,000,000.

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EIA Process for Proposed Projects Approved by Sub-Committee

Project Proponent Sub-Committee Decision Makers Environmental Consultant IEE/ESIA Require Project Proponent Implementation Projects & EMP Submit IAF, Feasibility Study, IEE/ESIA Report One-Stop Service Mechanism Scoping and TOR for IEE/ESIA Study Prepare IEE/ESIA Report IEE/ESIA Review by DoE 30 days Collaborate with Relevant Department IEE/ESIA Revise EIA Full Scale Require IEE/ESIA/EIA Approval Project Proponent Revises IEE/ESIA Report or Prepares EIA Full Scale Report 13

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Current Status of Public Participation in the EIA Process

Cambodia has implemented public consultation in the EIA process in the public and private development projects or in conflict resolution. To date, the public consultation in planning has been an important part of the government policy. In additionally, the Law on Environmental Protection and Natural Resource Management directs the Ministry of Environment to provide information on its activities and to encourage public participation in environmental protection and natural resource management. The public consultation for public and private development projects are implemented at 3 levels: Local level – project developers, Local Administrative such as Chief of Villages, Chief of Communes, and affected people or representative of local community.

Provincial Level – project developers, concerned agencies at provincial level, Local Administrative Authorities (District level), and NGOs.

National Level – project developers, Line Ministries, and Local Administrative Authorities (Provincial Level), NGOs 14

2. History of ESIA Application to hydropower and Lessons Learned

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Data EIA Review and Approval on Hydropower Projects (2009) No.

Type of the Project I.Approved on IESIA or ESIA

1 2 3 4

Size Location Company

Kirirom I Hydropower (IEIA) Kamchay Hydropower (IESIA) Tatay Hydropower (IESIA) Kirirom III Hydropower (IESIA) 12 MW 193,2 MW 246 MW 18 MW Kampong Speu province CETIC INTERNATIONAL HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD.

(CETIC) Kampot province SINOHYDRO CORPORATION LIMITED Koh Kong province Koh Kong and Sihanoukville provinces CHINA NATIONAL HEAVY MACHINERY CORPORATION (CHMC) CETIC INTERNATIONAL HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD.

(CETIC)

I.Revised on IESIA or ESIA

5 Stoeung Atay Hydropower (IESIA) 6 Lower Sesan II Hydropower (EIA) 120 MW 420 MW Pursat province Stung Treng province C.H.D (CAMBODIA) HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD.

EVN INTERNATIONAL JOINT STOCK COMPANY 7 Stoeung Cheay Areng Hydropower (IESIA) 108 MW Koh Kong province CHINA SOUTHERN POWER GRID CO., LTD. (CSG)

Approved on IESIA or ESIA Consultant s

2002 2006 2008 2009 SAWAC KCC SAWAC SAWAC PECC1 & KCC SAWAC

Others

Required ESIA Required ESIA Required ESIA Note : KCC SAWAC PECC1 Key Consultants Cambodia SAWAC Consultants for Development Power Engineering Consulting Company 1 16

EIA on Lower SESAN II Hydropower Project EVN International Joint Stock Company

Prepared by: PECC1 and KCC 17

MOU (June 2007) Location Size Main Dam Power House Spillway Reservoir Water Flow BOT Investment Cost Electrical Power Lower Sesan II Hydropower Project : Between MIME and EVN to conduct Feasibility Study : Sesan District,Stoeung Treng Province : 400 MW : length = 8km and width = 8m dam crest (Height) = 83m : 80 MW x 5 = 400 MW : 15m x 16m and 12 bays : Sesan and Srepok rivers (Capacity S = 335km 2 , V = 1.79 billion m 3 ; and water level 75m.) : 2037 m 3 /sec : 30 years Construction = 5 years (2010-2014) Operation = 30 years (2014-2044) : 861 million USD : 1953.9 Gwh per year 18

Impacts on Physical Environment - Soil erosion - Air pollution - Noise and vibration - Water quality - Change Environmental Flow at downstream annual max flow = 2057 m 3 /sec (at dam site) annual min flow = 733 m 3 /sec annual average flow = 1300 m 3 /sec In raining season : 2000 m 3 /sec full operation with 5 turbines In dry season : 1600 m 3 /sec with 4 turbines 1200 m 3 /sec with 3 turbines 800 m 3 /sec with 2 turbines 19

Impacts on Biological Environment - Impact on fish : There are 66% species will be loss that migrate to the upstream in this area (The result of Fish Study there are 99 species in this area).

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Impact on Land Use : Flooded area with different FSL in reservoir Land use types

Forest covers Water Features Shrublands Agricultural Lands Grasslands Soils and Rocks

Total FSL 70m

10,548 1,907 373 48 31 3

12,910 Flooded area (ha) FSL 75m

28,969 2,990 1,290 219 48 47

33,563 FSL 80m

69,127 4,572 3,381 3,136 1,000 104

81,320

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Flooded area of land concession and forest concession Land use types

Green Land Company Pheapimex Phumady Investment Group Siv Geach Agro-industrial Sopheak Nika Investment sal Sophear Trade

Total Flooded area (ha) FSL 70m

1,914 1,293 554 466 184 1

4,414 FSL 75m

3,940 2,912 1,480 1,467 516 84

10,399 FSL 80m

14,419 4,264 4,075 3,552 1,039 471

27,820

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Impacts on Social Environment

- Impact on local community incomes (Fishermen, non-forest product, resettlement etc.); - Impact on water use (Water quality in downstream), Stoeung Treng water supply and Phluk water supply; - Impact on Phluk tourism area; - Impact on infrastructure: Flooded Road No. 78 about 7km (depth= 0.5-4m) and Srepok bridge (depth=9m); - Public health - Traffic 23

No.

Local communities affected by the Lower Sesan II Hydropower Project

(FSL 75m.)

Village Number of households Number of person PAH APs %

!> XMuk,alrmas 1.1

PUmiRkbIRCMu 1.2

1.3

PUmik,alrmas PUmiERsRsNuk 1.4

PUmiRcb; @> XMutaLat; 2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

PUmixSac;fµI PUmisVayerog PUmirMBat; PUmitaLat; #> XMuERsKr 3.1

PUmiERsKrmYy 3.2

PUmiERsKrBIr $> XMuPøúk 4.1

PUmiPøúk 196 117 109 48 267 256 53 72 173 159 188 854 569 541 227 1229 1153 192 318 719 699 824 186 110 109 48 267 0 0 0 173 159 7 803 803 541 227 1229 0 0 0 719 699 29 95 95 100 100 100 100 100 4 0 0 0

Total 1638 7325 1059 4785 65

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Positive Environmental Impacts

     

Electricity energy : 1953.9 Gwh/year Rural infrastructures Jobs : 500-3000 workers Tourism Income Economic

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Environmental Cost and Electricity Price

Alternatives Alternative 1 Environmental cost (USD) 64,000,000 Electricity Price Cent/kwh 6.25

Alternative 2 Alternative 3 125,000,000 79,000,000 6.40

6.30

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Thanks for your kind attention!

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