Transcript SCREENING
EIA - Operating Principles
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EIA - Operating Principles***
Screening
Scoping
Assessing
Mitigation
Reporting
Reviewing
Decision-making
Monitoring and management
Public involvement
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The EIA process:
screening - to decide if and at what level
EIA should be applied
scoping - to identify the important issues
and prepare terms of reference
impact analysis - to predict the effects of a
proposal and evaluate their significance
mitigation - to establish measures to
prevent, reduce or compensate for impacts
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reporting - to prepare the information
necessary for decision-making
review - to check the quality of the EIA
report.
decision-making - to approve (or reject)
the proposal and set conditions
follow up – to monitor, manage and audit
the impacts of project implementation
public involvement - to inform and consult
with stakeholders
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EIAScreening5(Gajaseni,
EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007)UNEP Training
Resource Manual
2007)
Topic 1
Slide 5
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Public involvement
Project Screening - is an EIA needed?
Scoping – which impacts & issue to consider?
Description of the proposed action
Identification of key impacts
Assessing: Prediction of impacts
Evaluation & assessment of significant of impacts
Identification of mitigation measures
Presentation of finding in an EIA report (EIS)
(including a non-technical summary)
Review of the EIA report (EIS)
Decision-making
Post-decision monitoring
Auditing of predictions and mitigation of measures
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Important
Steps in the EIA Process
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EIA process
I. Screening
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SCREENING
Definition:
–is the process of determining
whether or not a proposal
requires full-scale EIA and the
level at which that assessment
should occur.
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The purpose of screening
The purpose of screening is to determine:
whether
or not a proposal requires an
EIA
what
level of EIA is required
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Outcomes of screening
full
or comprehensive EIA required
more
limited EIA required
further
study needed to determine EIA
requirement
no
further requirement for EIA
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Screening and scoping
compared
Screening
determines the requirement for EIA
establishes
the level of review
necessary
Scoping
identifies the key issues and impacts
establishes
the terms of reference
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Requirement of full-scale EIA
involves:
exploitation
of natural resources
infrastructure
industrial activities
extractive industries
waste management and disposal
substantial changes in farming or
fishing practices
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Screening methods
legal/policy
definition
inclusion
list of projects (with or
without thresholds)
exclusion
criteria
list of projects
for case-by-case screening
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Approaches to screening
involve one or a combination of:
discretion
initial environmental examination
project lists with/without thresholds
exclusion lists
decision-makers’
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Decision-maker’s discretion:
the proposal itself and its potential impacts
the level of confidence in the predicted impacts
the characteristics of the receiving environment
and its resilience to change
the existing planning, environmental
management and decision-making framework
the degree of public interest likely in the
proposal
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Initial environmental
examination (evaluation)
describe the proposal and examine any alternatives
that might improve the environmental outcomes
identify and address the concerns of the local
community
identify and assess the potential environmental
effects
mitigate adverse effects and enhance potential
benefits
contain environmental monitoring and management
plans
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Project lists: establish a set of
specific criteria that can be used to
determine which projects will
undergo EIA.
requiring
full-scale EIA
requiring some form of further
environmental analysis
not requiring any further environmental
analysis
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Exclusion lists:
The
use of exclusion lists is not a
common approach to screening.
The
use is that the greater number of
smaller and less significant projects
are given exemption from EIA based on
project type or size.
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Thailand:
Type and sizes of projects or activities
requiring EIA report.
1.
Industry
2. Residential building and
service
community
3. Transportation
4. Energy
5. Water resource
6. Watershed area
7. Mine
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Lists of actions:
Utilising
of positive/inclusive nature
Utilising of negative/exclusive nature
Weakness
of lists based on types of
action without considering to
– size
– technology
– resource requirements
– waste characteristics
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Three possible outcomes of
screening process:
1.
proposals which do not require
additional environmental investigation
because it is expected that they will not
have significant impacts
2.
proposals which require a limited
environmental study because the
environmental impacts are known and
can be easily mitigated
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3.
proposals which require EIA to
determine the extent and magnitude of
range of significant adverse impacts
and to propose a range of appropriate
mitigation, monitoring and management
measures
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Ex: Egypt
3 lists
of project criteria;
– 1. White list
No
EIA requirement
– 2. Gray list
Scoped
EIA study may be required.
– 3. Black list
Full
EIA study is required.
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A framework for screening
Mandatory EIA
Increasing impact of
development
‘Inclusive’ threshold
Case by case
consideration of
requirement for
EIA
EIA more likely to be
required; screen
borderline proposals for
significant environmental
effects
‘Indicative’ threshold
EIA less likely to be required
but still screen for significance
where the location is sensitive
or if there is a potential for
cumu
EIA ruled out
Exclusive threshold
UNEP Training Resource Manual
Topic 4
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