Transcript Shoring for Structural Collapse

Structural Collapse:
Shoring
FF Brian Ward
Station 24 TRT/GSAR/Haz Mat
Structural Collapse Technician
Terminal Objectives
 After lecture, discussion, demonstration and practice
the student, given a specific situation, shall select the
appropriate shore and properly describe the shore
with 100% accuracy, according to the FEMA
Structural Collapse Technician Manuel.
 After lecture, discussion, and practice the student
shall describe and explain the appropriate uses of the
types of shores discussed. Including weight
constraints and its limitations according to the FEMA
Structural Collapse Technician Manuel.
Enabling
 After lecture, discussion and practice the
student shall identify the components of a
rescue shore to 100% accuracy, to include
gussets, cleats, wedges, vertical post, header
plate, sole plate, diagonal post, cribbing and
nails.
Enabling Objectives
 After lecture and discussion the student shall l
identify the weight limitations for the shores
listed previously.
 After lecture and discussion the student shall
explain the appropriate use of the shores
listed previously.
 The student shall describe the appropriate
nail and nail patterns used for 2x4’s, 2x6’s,
cleats, gussets, and braces after lecture and
discussion.
Enabling Objectives
 After lecture, discussion, demonstration and
practice the student shall identify the
following shores with 100% accuracy: “T”
Shore, Double “T” Shore, Window and Door
Shore, Laced Post Shore, Vertical Shore, Two
Post Vertical Shore, Horizontal Shore, and
Crib Shoring.
Rescue Shoring:
Is the temporary support of only
that part of a damaged,
collapsed, or partially collapsed
structure which is required for
conducting search and rescue
operations at reduced risk to
the victim and personnel.
Plywood Gussets
 ¾” x 12” x 12”
 ¾” x 6” x 12” Triangle (Means of egress)
 Used to capture joints and contain wedges in
place.
 All plywood gets 8d nails.
 8 and 5 with 5 nail profile.
Cleats
 2x4x18” when used on interior shoring.

Connects two sides (similar to gusset). 3 nails
at each end.
Wedges
 “Marrying wedges”
 Full contact with min. of 1” overhang on each
side of 4x4.
 2x4x12”
Sole Plate
 Cut side to cut side.
 Do not lift when pressurizing.
 Always nail behind wedges to prevent
slippage.
Diagonal Brace
Components
Header
gusset
vertical
wedges
cleat
sole
Dimensional Lumber
 2x4

3 nails
 2x6

5 nails (3 is acceptable if splitting wood is of
concern.)
 4x4
 6x6 ( No test available for)
 All dimensional lumber gets 16d nails.
Nails and Nail Patterns
 Nail Types

Duplex and Standard




16 penny = 16d
8 penny = 8d
16d has a shear strength of 150lbs.
8d has a shear strength of 75lbs.
Nail Profile
Nail Patterns
 2x4 (3 nails)
 2x6 (5 nails)
 Note: 3 is acceptable if splitting of the wood is
of a concern.
Application
 Take 5 mins. to apply the information.
Squaring Systems
 Pathegreom Theorem
 3,4,5 Method
5’
3’
4’
Placement
 Wood and Steel Structures 1 floor below any
damage.
 Concrete Structures at least 3 floors below
any damage.
Principles

Double Funnel Effect:
a.
the load is
funneled through
the shores and
redistributed on a
lower floor or the
ground itself.
Interior Shores
 “T” Spot Shore
 Double “T” Shore
 Window and Door Shore
 Horizontal Shore
 Laced Post Shore
 Vertical Shore
 Two Post Vertical Shore
“T” Spot Shore
 Temporary shore only, Initial stabilization.
 4,000 lbs.
 Materials





3’ Max. header and sole plate (4x4 or 6x6)
Wedges (2x4)
2 gussets
1 cleat (2x4)
1 vertical post (4x4 or 6x6)
“T” Spot Shore
Double “T” Shore
 Temporary shore.
 8,000 lbs.
 Materials





3’ header and sole plate
2 or 3 gussets (over six feet)
4 wedges
2 cleats
2 vertical post
Double “T” Shore
Window Shore
 1in. Thickness for each foot of opening.
 Materials




Header, sole, and two vertical post. If over 4’
can use 2 2x6’s with ¾ plywood sandwiched
in between.
8 wedges
4 triangle gussets
Bracing

(when not used for egress).
Window Shore
Door Shore
 Same principles as window shore.
Door Shore
Horizontal Shore
 Wall plates and struts should be same length.


8’ max.
Materials






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2 struts
2 wall plates
2 diagonal braces
2 shims as cleats
4 wedges
2 cleats
4 gussets
Horizontal Shore
Laced Post Shore
 17’ height max, 5’ width max.
 32,000 lbs.
 Materials for 10’ lace post.






4 post
2 headers, 2 soles
8 braces
8 K braces
12 gussets
8 wedges
5’
Laced Post Shore
Vertical Shore
 Damaged Floor
 Materials
 Header and Sole plate
 3 vertical post
 Midpoint brace




1x6
2 diagonal braces
8 gussets
6 wedges
Vertical Shore
Two Post Vertical
 Half of a Laced post Shore
 Not greater than 5’ O.C.
 Materials






Header and Sole plate
2 K bracing
Midpoint brace
2 vertical post
6 gussets
4 wedges
5’
Two Post Vertical Shore
Cribbing
 4x4 or 6x6 can be used.
 18’’ or 24’’
 2 by 2 layout, each point of contact is 6k.
 Should overlap by 4’’ on each side.
 Limit height to 3 times the width.
 Bottom layer should be solid.
Cribbing
Cribbing
Discussion
Conclusion
 Main points



Proper shore for the job.
Uses of particular shores.
Identify shores, components, weight
limitations, and uses.