Transcript Ei dian otsikkoa - Helsingin kaupunki

Livable Cities and Urban Development
- a perspective to urban renewal from the
city statistics and urban research
Mari Vaattovaara
Professor of Urban Geography
University of Helsinki
I am not about to discuss livable cities or
urban development from the traditional
perspectives of my research
 Segregation
 Immigration
 Housing preferences
 Knowledge and creative industries
 ….
 where the help and statistics from the Urban Facts
has been very central
 Thank you Asta Manninen and Pekka Vuori
But rather from a perspective where I think
the research and statistics really have made
a major contribution
not only by adding analytical understanding but also by
offering a different perspective
An approach to livable city through urban
renewal
 We - prof. Matti Kortteinen & I together with the
researchers and students worked with the world
known experts in engineering (VTT) and some of the
best architects from Aalto University to create a
livable neighbourhood or a suburb.
Role and importance of suburbs – a
major issue in terms of urban future
or urban sustainability
1/3 of the
apartments locate
in the suburbs
1/5 of the
population lives in
suburbs
the least energy
efficient part of
the whole housing
stock
The process of urbanisation
was late in Finland
350
Total 2,6 million apartments
1 000
300
250
200
150
100
50
-1920
1921-1939 1940-1959 1960-1969 1970-1979 1980-1989 1990-1999
Erilliset pientalot
Detached houses
Asuinkerrostalot
Block of flats
2000-
Rivi- ja ketjutalot
Attached houses
Lähde:Tilastokeskus
Traditional – and as such - more and more
advanced way is to start from the technical
details and possibilities (Jyri Nieminen VTT)
Heating
VTT Jyri Nieminen
Air-conditioning
Exteriors, doors and windows etc.
Or from architectural or urban planning
premises
Potential of the renewal /TKK dept. of
architecture
Suunnitelma ja visualisointi: TKK Arkkitehtuurin laitos, Puurakentaminen 2009.
Helsinki University of Technology,
Dept. of architecture/ VTT
Urban planning pespective
radan ylittävä
kalteva viherkansi
(alla pysäköintiä)
radan ylittävät
siltamaiset talot
porttitalo
radan ylittävä
kalteva viherkansi
(alla pysäköintiä)
Uudet talot
In our case we started from the historical
context – why were they built
 Loads of statistical and
planning documentation was
retreived from the arcives
 Peltosaari was born as part
of the late but rapid
industrialisation of Finland
 All the future predictions
and best calculations
expected the
industrialisation and
construction to continue
The population data and forecasts:
Over half of the population was predicted to
work in the traditional industries during
1990’s
Now the suburb is a part of knowldge
intensive, pocket sized metropolitan
region
 And the success or
failure depends on
the municipality’s
and suburbs ability
to attract highly
educated middle
class
 Municipality of
Riihimäki has not
succeeded too well
in the regional
competition
according to the
indicators that we
used
Kuva 2. Riihimäen asemaa metropolialueella kuvaavien tilastollisten indikaattorien
luokitukset osatehtävän tulosten pohjalta (Helin, Lehto & Stjernberg 2009).
As part of this national restructuring
process – several suburbs have lost
their position
Male employment rate 2007
Miesten työllisyysaste, %
PKS
Helsinki
Espoo
Vantaa
Kaun.
Ikävakioitu
85,7 - 94,7
83,4 - 85,6
79,4 - 83,3
75,0 - 79,3
63,0 - 74,9
81,8
79,4
85,7
83,4
87,1
Vantaa
Vantaa
Espoo
Espoo
Helsinki
Helsinki
© Helsingin kaupunki, Kaupunkimittausosasto 056/2008
Source: Pekka Vuori
Peltosaari is in its own category (unemployment rate)
Housing market position in the Helsinki
metropolitan area
Peltosaari Havukoski
Asukasluku (31.12.2006)
2292
5439
0-17-vuotiaat
16,9
16,2
18–64-vuotiaat
69,9
71,1
65-vuotiaat ja sitä vanhemmat
13,3
12,7
lapsiperheiden osuus asuntokunnista
pienituloisten kuluttajatalouksien (- 25 999€/v) suhteellinen osuus
kaikista kuluttajatalouksista
17,4
18,8
67
48,4
pienituloisten (-13 999€/v)osuus kuluttajista
53,1
33,6
vain perusasteen suorittaneet yli 18-vuotiaista
44,8
39,5
9
7,3
22,5
17,2
27
12,1
omistusasuntojen osuus asuntokannasta
30,7
50,9
vuokra-asuntojen osuus asuntokannasta
64,3
46,2
opiskelijat (v. 2004)
eläkeläiset (v. 2004)
työttömät (v. 2004)
Spatial differences are huge
A survey, the results of which were
comparable to a similar survey in the capital
region was conducted in this neighbourhood.
The comparison between Peltosaari and the
lowest spatial decile of the suburbs of the
capital region - indicated that the problems
related to social disorder and insecurity
doubled in this suburb compared to suburbs
closer to the regional center.
Adding to this - the problems in everyday life
were mainly related to social disorder and
feelings of security
Thus the willngness to move out
was especially high among the
knowledge workers with high
education
 55 % out of residents with academic degree
Thus
Central challenge is to overcome the rethoric
regeneration
“Part of the literature concerning regeneration comes
dangerously close to painting a romantic picture of
large public housing estates as products of working
class political action” (Alan Murie 2009)
The aim should be to develop an area that
would
(i) support the strategy of the
municipality (positioning in the metroarea)
(ii) fulfill the requirements of modern
construction (ecology, architecture)
(iii) take care of the current residents
How?
 By at least including aside to the technical and
architectural thinking the historic context, position
in the region (housing market), socio-economic
situation and the social life of the neighborhood.
 Which requires
Different approaches, knowledge and methods