Transcript Green Innovation & Regional Development: Wales & the World

Green Innovation & Regional
Development: Wales & the World
Phil Cooke
Aalborg & Cardiff Universities
1. What is Green Innovation?
• ‘Green’ refers to ‘….diverse products,
technologies and processes which, through
improvements in the clean energy supply chain
from energy source through to point of
consumption, result in reduction in greenhouse
gases.’ (Cooke, 2008)
• Innovation, as ever, refers to ‘…the
commercialisation of new knowledge..’ (neoSchumpeterian/Evolutionary school, Freeman,
1987, Lundvall, 1992, Edquist, 1997)
Green Innovation: new challenges and
opportunities
Innovation
Product
Process
Organizational
Region
Input
Radical
Fuel Cells
Membrane
Filtration
Carbon Trading
Green
Solar Paint
Building Codes
Disruptive
Low Emission Low Energy Green
Engines
Pumps
Construction
Organic City LED Street/
Purchasing Traffic Lights
Recombinant Smart Meters
Green
Carbon Offsetting Local
Manufacturing
Agenda 21
Sensors
Sustaining
Organic
Retailing
Biocomposites
Photovoltaics
Incremental Wind Energy
Organic
Farms
4G Catalysers Biomass CHP
Local Food
Networks
Tidal Energy 2G Biofuels
Fig.2. Innovation Category & Intensity Taxonomy
NB: LED: light-emitting diode; Local Agenda 21: neighbourhood or city policy to meet Kyoto protocols;
CHP: combined heat and power plants; 2G/4G: second/fourth generation.
Green/Clean Technology Convergence
E.G. Biomass, Biogas, Bioethanol, Wind, Wave, Tidal Energies, Hydrogen Fuel Cells
Hybrid Autos, Plug-ins, Clean Pumps, Filtration & Industrial Ecology etc. ‘Platforms’
2. California’s ‘Jacobian’ Cluster ‘Platform’
Click for
Cluster Legend:
Clean Tech
Biotechnology
Wireless
ICT
Agro-Food
Organic Food
Wine
Film
20 Who Ditched Infotech for Cleantech
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With their dotcom and broadband-based winnings, serial
entrepreneurs of the ICT age have moved into the energy
and cleantech markets
Shai Agassi (SAP), Founder, CEO
Project Better Place, Palo Alto, SV
Bob Metcalfe, Partner, Polaris
Venture Partners, CEO GreenFuel
(Camb.MA)
Vinod Khosla, Founder Khosla
Ventures.
Sunil Paul, Seed investor, early
stage cleantech, Nanosolar, Oorja.
Elon Musk, Chairman, Tesla,
Chairman, CEO SolarCity
Steve Jurvetson, Partner, Draper
Fisher Jurvetson.
Bill Gross, Founder Idealab Steve
Westly, Founder The Westly
Group.
Dan Whaley, Founder, CEO
Climos..
Martin Eberhard, Founder, former
CEO Tesla.
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Martin Roscheisen, Founder,
CEO Nanosolar.
Martin Tobias, Former CEO
Imperium Renewables.
Manny Hernandez, CFO
SunPower.
Jonathan Gay, CEO of GreenBox
Jeff Skoll, Founder Skoll
Foundation, investor in Tesla,
Nanosolar.
Mitch Mandich, CEO Range
Fuels.
Larry Gross, CEO of Edeniq.
Bruce Sohn, President First
Solar.
David Kaplan, Founder V2Green.
David Cope, CEO of PurFresh.
Emergent Cleantech Cluster?
3. Israel’s
Jacobian
Clusters
ICT
Biotech
Medtech
Cleantech
Evolution by Mutation
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Pythagoras Solar was founded in 2006 by Gonen Fink, previously at
Check Point Software, The company has an R&D centre in Hakfar
Hayarok, Israel and a US office in San Mateo, California
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, a leader in research and
development of technologies in the fields of water, energy and the
environment, will invest in Israel Cleantech Ventures, Israel’s first cleantech
focused venture capital fund
Israel Cleantech Ventures was established in 2006 to invest growth capital
in Israel's energy, water and environmental leaders. To date, the Fund has
invested in 6 companies
Israel Cleantech Invests in Pythagoras Solar
Pythagoras is a solar energy company developing innovative photovoltaic
technology to revolutionize the cost of solar electricity.
Israel Cleantech Invests in AqWise
AqWise develops and implements innovative solutions for biological
wastewater treatment and rapid filtration using movable plastic biomass
carriers
Israel Cleantech Invests in Emefcy Bioenergy Systems
Emefcy is designing an innovative wastewater treatment system which will
harness the energy inherent in organic components in wastewater
XJet Solar Energy Entrepreneur from Semiconductors
Orion Solar Energy Entrepreneur from Aerospace
4. Jutland’s Solar Thermal Cluster
Grundfos Sensor
Danfoss A/S
Source: ESTIF Data
The North Central Jutland Wind Turbine Cluster
Source: Danish Wind Industry Association Data, 2007
N. Jutland’s Jacobian
Cluster ‘Platform’
Clean Tech
Biotechnology
Wireless
Agro-Food (Organic)
Agro-Food (Conv.)
Furniture
Fashion
Engineering (Fish)
Engineering (Pipes)
N. Jutland: a Green Regional
Innovation System
• ‘Innovative Region: Flexible
District Heating’ Platform
• Biogas, Biomass, Solar
Thermal, Wind - ‘plug-ins’
• ‘Social Network’ >100
‘system’ & ‘solution’ firms
• Aalborg U, Municipalities,
DTI, VåxtForum Fund (40
mn.DK bid).
• ‘Aggregators’ or ‘system
integrators’ include:
• Arcon Solar (Velux VHK),
Exergi, Lokster (Pipework),
Baracon (Biogas), Grundfos
• Humvel, NIAS, EnergiPlan
(consultants)
5. Leading Hydrogen Fuel Cells Regions in Europe
(Source: Nygaard, 2008)
Hydrogen Fuel Cells Production: Leading
European Regions (Source: Nygaard, 2008)
Hydrogen Fuelled Vehicle Firms and Infrastructure: Wales
Connaught Engineering
Tribrid Bus
Baglan Energy Park
The Narrow Car Company
HFC Inventor Sir William Grove,
born Swansea, 11th July, 1811
Related variety cluster spillovers
(Source: Nygaard)
6. Top European Fast Growth Eco-Businesses In Wales
DST – 2/100
Atra – 10/100
Inetec – 14/100
G24i - 37/100
Pelikon – 80/100
Source: Library House,
2008
Pelikon
Environmental Innovation in Wales:
30 Solar Energy Equipment Manufacturers
PHOTOVOLTAICS CLUSTER
Royce Renewables
PJB Systems
Sharp Solar, Dulas; PV Systems;
Corus Colours, ICP Solar, Jantec
Solar, IQE
VE Heating
Bright Light Solar
LlaniSolar
Sunset Solar
Solar Housing
Sundance Renewables
Thermonax
SB Alternative Energy
MicaulSolar
Solarfit
Solarfit
Kingspan
ICP Solar
Sundance
G24i
Eco Energy Systems
Renewables also
InterSolar
Clear Sky KDUK
Produce 300,000
Biofuel litres/yr.
IGER – Novel Agricultural Products Research: Miscanthus & Wood Chips
Kemira, Helsinki
Germinal
Holdings N.I (2),
RoI
Genencor, Copenhagen
Unilever,
Cheshire
Germinal
Holdings, Lincoln
Advanta,
Lincoln
R&D
Molecular
Nature
IGER
Prya
SAs
Cultech, Port Talbot
Research
Collaborations
Dengie Crops
Monsanto
Biotal, Cardiff
Tesco
Dow Elanco
Germinal
Holdings, Bristol
Alltech
Alltech, USA,
Ireland &Worldwide
IGER
BPI Agri,
London
Merial
Spinout
South Counties Foods
SW Seed Ltd.
Cambridge
Sanofi-Aventis
Guildford
Genus,
Hampshire
Biofuels Producers in Wales
Miscanthus ↓
The new facility in Swansea is
believed to be the largest
biodiesel plant in Wales
Below: Wood Pellets
50 wood-chip farms
supplying Bluestone
Cardiff
Bluestone, Pembrokeshire, Wales
• The Bluestone Project, valued at about €130m million
• 340 timber chalets surrounding a 'Celtic Village' of 80
permanent buildings within the National Park
• Adjoining Oakwood Leisure Park, next to which a Snow
Dome, Waterworld, Tropical Garden and Sports Centre
are proposed.
• A community of up to 2,000 residents and 5,000 day
visitors.
• Jobs: 200 construction; 600 catering/hospitality; 100
suppliers
• 3 MW Biomass (willow chips) CHP units burning fuel
sourced from 2 specialist local farms by Pembrokeshire
Bioenergy
Centre for Alternative
Land Use (CALU)
• Grant
Pembrokeshire Bioenergy Ltd
from Pembrokeshire Coast
National Park Sustainable
Development Fund (2005)
• DEFRA Grant to develop and
market carbon-neutral crops
50 farmers growing energy crops to
supply miscanthus & willow
• Miscanthus and Short Rotation
Willow Coppice trials
Organic Food Producers & Distributors
Cardiff
Conclusions
• How much value is this green innovation activity creating?
– US Corn Bioethanol share price peak $43 (May 2005) but down to $2
(September 2008) 2G expected to be better.
– 1G had little effect on GHGs or US oil-dependence despite $80 bn. Subsidy
– Wind power better EU - $85 billion invested, $200bn in decade
– UK govt. £100 bn. Renewables Market
– Bain & Co. UK wind alone £39 bn. Market (60,000 jobs - overestimates)
• How many jobs?
– Renewable Energy – UK govt.-160,000 anticipated (NIESR says 1/3 of that)
– Germany, Denmark & Spain (70% EU Capacity) 133,000 employed in
turbine ‘clusters’
– Biomass – Drax – 3 x 300MW biomass power plants to invest $3.5 bn
(Energy Scale: City of Nottingham)
– Previous Drax announcement: 100 jobs per 100 MW so approx. 900
– San Jose ‘Green Vision’ 25,000 in 10 years
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Co-evolution: the Post-hydrocarbon Paradigm
Green niches
Green technological regime
Green Socio-technical Landscape