Sustainable Energy for Europe

- INFORSE-Europe Seminar, Brussels -

André Vieira Pinheiro – Brüssel November 2002

EREF - European Renewable Energy Federation

Introduction (I)

About EREF 

A federation made up of national associations of renewable energy producers, belonging to 10 different countries of the European Union, that have decided to unite their powers by creating a European network that defends and promotes ‚green‘ energy

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EREF unites the powers of thousands of European companies, who work in the field of energy production through the use of renewable energy sources such as small hydro, wind, tidal, wave, solar, geothermal and bioenergy

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Associations coming from the sector of non-biological waste generation are not included in EREF, and will not be invited to join

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EREF - European Renewable Energy Federation

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Introduction (II)

What has EREF observed?

That the emissions caused by carbon dioxide and other harmful gaseous substances impose a great risk on the climate and on the general welfare

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Conventional energy resources are at risk of being exhausted within a time period of only a few generations

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Nuclear energy presents inherent risks as much in regards to safety as to the unsolved problem of radioactive waste

EREF - European Renewable Energy Federation

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The last couple of years renewable energy has experienced a considerable boom within those countries of the European Union that have implemented legal standards such as minimum pricing schemes, purchase obligation and priority access to the grid

EREF - European Renewable Energy Federation

Introduction (III)

What are our aims?

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Actively support the rapid and sustainable growth of the usage of renewable energy in Europe, with the hope to at least meet the fixed objective of the White Book of Renewable Energies

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Promote the expansion of legal mechanisms that work in favour of renewable energy into the European Union

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Support the establishment of a realistic and fair pricing scheme on the basis of the European internal market for energy respecting the principle of subsidiary of each member state

EREF - European Renewable Energy Federation

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Ensure that transmission system operators grant priority access to the transmission of electricity from renewable energy sources under standard rules based on objective, transparent and non discriminatory criteria

EREF - European Renewable Energy Federation

European Climate Change Programme (ECCP)

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since 1991 several climate-related initiatives (e.g. RES electricity, voluntary commitments by car makers to improve fuel economy, proposal for emission trading scheme etc.)

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Target to cut EU greenhouse gas emissions to 8 % below 1990 levels by 2008-2012

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June 2000 - launch of the ECCP

EREF - European Renewable Energy Federation

ECCP - First Phase

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Focus on energy, transport and industry sectors Set up of working groups (summer 2000) Result: ECCP - report june 2001, identifying 42 possible measures, with emission reduction potential of about 664 - 765 MtCO2 equivalent Action Plan for the ECCP in form of a Communication from the Commission Proposal for ratification of the Kyoto Protocol Proposal for Emissions Trading

EREF - European Renewable Energy Federation

ECCP - Second Phase

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Aims to facilitate and support the actual implementation of the priorities identified in the first phase Measures:

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Proposal for EU framework for emissions trading (see above) Proposal for a Directive on the promotion of biofuels Proposal for a Directive to promote combined heat and power (CHP)

EREF - European Renewable Energy Federation

Directive 2001/77/EC

of 27 September on the Promotion of Electricity Produced from Renewable Energy Sources (RES directive)

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Follow-up to the 1997 White Paper on RES

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Target of 12% of gross inland energy consumption from RES for the Community as a whole by 2010, with electricity representing 22, 1%

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promotion of RES as an essential part of the package of measures needed to comply with the commitments made by the EU under the 1997 Kyoto Protocol

EREF - European Renewable Energy Federation

Table: Annex of the RES-directive 2001/77/EC

EREF - European Renewable Energy Federation

RES-directive Where do we stand?

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Defintion of renewable energies (Article 2 lit. a RES-directive)

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National targets for renewables (Annex of the RES-directive)

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Support mechanism, e.g. Feed-in systems, Quota system, tendering system (Article 4 RES directive)

EREF - European Renewable Energy Federation

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Table RES-directive What is the expected gap?

EREF - European Renewable Energy Federation

AT BE DE DK LU NL PT SE UK ES FI FR GR IE IT Table : Scenarios for the uptake of renewably generated electricity 1999 % 72% 1% 6% 13% 19% 26% 15% 10% 5% 17% 3% 2% 36% 50% 2% EU Targets 2010 % 78% 6% 13% 29% 29% 32% 21% 20% 13% 25% 6% 9% 39% 60% 10% 2001 Current scenario % 63% 1% 11% 23% 22% 31% 13% 12% 11% 17% 5% 6% 27% 57% 4% Active scenario % 63.00% 3.00% 12.00% 32.00% 28.00% 31.00% 16.00% 15.00% 15.00% 18.00% 5.00% 8.50% 38.00% 57.00% 4.00% EU 14%

Sources: calculations based on Ecofys 2002.

Active Policy: results implementing the current policies.

22%

Energy Federation

15% 17.00%

RES-Directive What does work and what doesn‘t?

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Support mechanisms

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Feed-in systems Quota systems:

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Adminstrative implementation

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Uncertainty about actual invetsment Voltaile revenues Adminstrative procedures (almost no fast-track planning) Grid connection

EREF - European Renewable Energy Federation

RES-directive - Technologies -

White Paper targets for renewable technologies vs. current situation 1999 Scenario 2010

Wind Hydro-large (>10 MWe) Hydro-small (<10 MWe) Photovoltaic Biomass (fuel input) Geothermal: electricity Geothermal: heat Active solar thermal Unit GWe GWe GWe GWp Mtoe GWe GWth million. m 2 Imple mented 9 85 9 0,1 55 0,6 1,2 9 Total electricity production Total primary energy* Share renewable energy TWhe Mtoe % 364 85 6% * Eurostat convention Source: Ecofys 2002 Active Policy: results implementing the current policies.

Continued Policy: results assuming that policies will be continued .

EREF - European Renewable Energy Federation

Active Policy

37 85 11 0,5 86 0,6 1,8 18

Continued Policy 54

87 12 0,7 118 0,9 1,9 28 466 122 8% 539 159 10%

White Paper

40 91 14 3,0 135 1,0 5,0 100 675 182 12%

RES-directive - Conclusions -

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Adopt national feed-in systems when implemeting the RES-directive

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Remove rigorously all adminstrative barriers for new renewable electricty generation

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Develop planning guidelines for siting of renewable energy projects

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Implement guarantee of origin for all electricty sources

EREF - European Renewable Energy Federation