Transcript Proteins Review

Proteins
• Proteins are
made of Amino
Acid chains
• Amino acids
are linked in a
sequence
Ribosomes
Ribosomes
• Proteins are
bonded
together at
the
ribosomes
• # 2 on
diagram
Sequence determines shape
• Order of amino
acid chain
determines a
proteins shape
• Shape
determines its
function
Examples of Proteins
Proteins
have shapes
• Receptor
molecules
• Nerve chemicals
• Hormones
• Enzymes
Receptor Molecules
1
2
3
• Located on
surface of
membrane to
receive signals
from nerve
chemicals or
hormones
Receptor molecules
• Located on
the surface
of cells
• on the cell
membrane
3-D view of receptor molecules
• What kind of
molecules are
receptors?
• Proteins
Cellular Communication
• Receptor
molecules
are used so
cells can
interact
Receptor molecules are Proteins
Receptor
Signal
• They have a
specific shape
• Signals they
receive must
have a shape
that can fit into
them
Primary Agents to Communicate
Receptor
molecule
• Hormones
• Chemicals
produced by
nerve cells
Receptor and Hormone
• Another
pictorial
example of a
receptor
molecule and a
hormone
Hormones
• Signals released by
glands so cell can
communicate with
• Hormone has to fit
on receptor
molecule of the
target cell
Amino acid molecules are bonded
together in a specific sequence on
cell structures known as
1.ribosomes
2.vacuoles
3.mitochondria
4.centromeres
The shape of a protein is most directly determined by the
1.amount of energy available for synthesis of the protein
2.kind and sequence of amino acids in the protein
3.type and number of DNA molecules in a cell
4.mistakes made when the DNA is copied
A characteristic shared by all enzymes,
hormones, and antibodies is that their
function is determined by the
1.shape of their molecules
2.DNA they contain
3.inorganic molecules they contain
4.organelles present in their structure
Nerve cells are essential to an animal
because they directly provide
1.communication between cells
2.transport of nutrients to various organs
3.regulation of reproductive rates within other cells
4.an exchange of gases within the body
Which substances are found on
cell surfaces and respond to nerve
and hormone signals?
1.starches and simple sugars
2.subunits of DNA
3.vitamins and minerals
4.receptor molecules
Letter B indicates a
1.ribosomes
2.receptor molecules
3.tissues
4.inorganic substances
Base your answer on the diagram and on your knowledge of biology.
Which statement best describes the diagram?
1.Nerve cell X is releasing receptor molecules.
2.Nerve cell Y is signaling nerve cell X.
3.Nerve cell X is attaching to nerve cell Y.
4.Nerve cell Y contains receptor molecules for substance A
Cellular communication is illustrated
in the diagram below.
Information can be sent from
1.cell A to cell B because cell B is able to recognize signal 1
2.cell A to cell B because cell A is able to recognize signal 2
3.cell B to cell A because cell A is able to recognize signal 1
4.cell B to cell A because cell B is able to recognize signal 2