Transcript Sustainable Mobility at the EU Level

SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY AT THE
EU LEVEL – IN THE NEW
TRANSPORT WHITE PAPER
Tamás Fleischer
Institute for World Economics
of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
<http://www.vki.hu/~tfleisch>
<[email protected]>
CORPUS – The SCP Knowledge Hub
First Policy Meets Research Workshop on Sustainable Mobility
Funded by the European Commission in FP7
.
Szentendre, Hungary, 5/6 May 2011
SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY AT THE
EU LEVEL – IN THE NEW
TRANSPORT WHITE PAPER
Tamás Fleischer
Institute for World Economics
of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
<http://www.vki.hu/~tfleisch>
<[email protected]>
CORPUS – The SCP Knowledge Hub
First Policy Meets Research Workshop on Sustainable Mobility
Funded by the European Commission in FP7 (except me !)
Szentendre, Hungary, 5/6 May 2011
Sustainable mobility at the EU level – in the
transport white papers
 The main message of the contribution in four points
(1) The environmental target for 2050 (sixty percent emission
decrease, oil dependence decrease) is a very progressive vision,
clear target.
(2) The tools to achieve that objectives is sometimes contradictory in
the White Paper
(3) There is no clear picture on the what-to-dos of the first ten years
until 2020 (when probably a new White Paper will be issued). The
back-casting is missing following the vision.
(4) The Strategy chapter is not too much based on the 2050 vision
but rather on the creation of a single European transport area. It
was a relevant vision in the period of the EU-6s-9s-12s – but is it
still really relevant for the EU-27s, or is it a myth/dream rather?
Sustainable mobility at the EU level – in the
transport white papers
 White Paper 1992 (COM (92) 494 final. The Future Development
of the Common Transport Policy – A Global Approach to the
Construction of a Community Framework for Sustainable Mobility.
Brussels: Commission of the European Communities)
 White Paper 2001 (COM (2001.) 370.final. European transport
policy for 2010: time to decide. Office for Official Publications of the
European Communities, CEC,)
 Mid-term review 2006 (COM(2006) 314 final) Keep Europe
moving - Sustainable mobility for our continent - Mid-term review of
the European Commission’s 2001 Transport White paper.
Communication from the Commission to the Council and the
European Parliament, Brussels, 22.6.2006)
 White Paper 2011 (COM(2011) 144 final. White Paper: Roadmap
to a Single European Transport Area – Towards a competitive and
resource efficient transport System. European Commission, Brussels,
28.3.2011.)
Common Transport Policy (CTP) 1992
 Before 1992
– no integrated transport policy at EU level, specific sub-sector level
targets (vessel capacity annulation, rest time, flight security etc.)
motivation was rather the competition policy balancing
 EU CTP 1992 „Single network to a single market”
– Main targets harmonisation of regulation and
creating a common network
– Integrated transport policy – but to one single level
international links overlapping networks
– Inter-modality, interoperability, free access, corridor, TEN-T single
market
– The role of the environment is not central
European transport policy for 2010:
„Time to Decide” (2001)
 To be solved: congestion, services quality, environment damages,
safety, isolated regions
 Mixed results of the CTP 1992
 Strategy:
Breaking the link between economic growth and transport growth
- Reduction in mobility
- Redistribution amongst modes
-
-
Decreasing road transport by pricing,
+ efficiency measures in other modes
+ targeted investments (= TEN.T)
Sixty proposals – in four blocks.
- Shift the balance between modes,
- Eliminate bottlenecks,
- Users in the heart of transport policy,
- Manage the globalisation of transport.
 White Paper 2001 (COM (2001.) 370.final. European transport policy for 2010: time to
decide. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, CEC,), Brussels,
12 September 2001. . European Union
Keep Europe moving !
Mid-term review of the
European Commission’s
2001 Transport White paper
Access:
http://ec.europa.eu/transport/transport
_policy_review/doc/com_2006_0314_
transport_policy_review_hu.pdf
Keep Europe moving !
While the 2001 transport policy stressed a definite need to halt growth in
transport performance and slow the increase in road traffic, the reexamination can be considered as a significant withdrawal.
„Mobility must be disconnected from its negative side effects”, means
ensuring traffic growth rather, not curbing it. (Keep Europe Moving p. 4.)
“to optimise each mode’s own potential”, means avoiding intervention
between modes rather then redistribution amongst them. (ibid p. 4.).
Such sentence in the re-examination as: “The efforts to achieve the goals
of meeting growing mobility needs and strict environmental standards
are beginning to show signs of friction.” (ibid. p. 29.). sought to imply
quite strongly that strict environmental protection should be restored.
Yet although it surrounded it with provisos, the re-examination
nonetheless declared that “sustainable mobility policy therefore needs to
build on a broader range of policy tools achieving shifts to more
environmentally friendly modes where appropriate, especially on long
distance, in urban areas and on congested corridors” (ibid. p. 21.).
White Paper 2011
…Towards a competitive
and resource efficient transport system
(COM(2011) 144 final.
White Paper: Roadmap to a Single
European Transport Area –
Towards a competitive and
resource efficient transport system.
European Commission, Brussels,
28.3.2011.)
Access: http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?u
ri=COM:2011:0144:FIN:HU:PDF
White Paper 2011
…Towards a competitive
and resource efficient transport system
 Four documents
 (COM(2011)144 final. White Paper Roadmap to a Single European
Transport Area – Towards a competitive and resource efficient
transport System. European Commission, Brussels, 28.3.2011.)
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2011:0144:FIN:HU:PDF
 SEC(2011) 358 final Commission Staff Working Paper: Impact
Assessment European Commission, Brussels, 28.3.2011.
http://ec.europa.eu/transport/strategies/doc/2011_white_paper/white_paper_2011_ia_full_en.pdf
 SEC(2011) 359 final Commission Staff Working Paper: Summary of
the Impact Assessment. European Commission, Brussels, 28.3.2011.
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/docs_autres_institutions/commission
_europeenne/sec/2011/0359/COM_SEC(2011)0359_HU.pdf
 SEC(2011) 391 final Commission Staff Working Document:
Accompanying the White Paper – Roadmap to a Single European
Transport Area – Towards a competitive and resource efficient
transport system. European Commission, Brussels, 28.3.2011
http://ec.europa.eu/transport/strategies/doc/2011_white_paper/white_paper_working_document_en.pdf
White Paper 2011
…Towards a competitive
and resource efficient transport system
 White Paper: Roadmap to a Single European Transport
Area – Towards a competitive and resource efficient
transport system
 1 Preparing the European Transport Area for the Future
(Current trends and future challenges: Growing out of Oil)
 2 A vision for a competitive and sustainable transport system
(A vision for 2050: an integrated, sustainable and efficient mobility network)
 3 The Strategy – what needs to be done
(Strategy: policies to steer change)
White Paper 2011
…Towards a competitive
and resource efficient transport system
 Evaluation of the past decade since the 2001 White Paper
 (§12) ‘a lot has been achieved’ -- market opening has taken place,
safety and security of transport has been increased, new rules on
working conditions and passenger rights have been adopted, transEuropean transport network, high-speed railway lines has been built
International ties and cooperation have been strengthened, a lot has
been done to enhance transport’s environmental performance
 (§13) BAU trend: in energy consumption, oil dependence,
emissions, or cohesion of peripheral areas not just the measure of the
changes is not enough, but even the prefix (+ or – ) does not show to
the right direction
 (Working document) Emission values of 2008 by region categories
White Paper 2011
…Towards a competitive
and resource efficient transport system
 Presentation of the situation by a three-level spatial scale
GHG emission
SEC(2011) 391 final p.18.
passenger
Road in that
fright
Road in that
Urban,
(+suburban)
Macro-regional
(medium here <500 km)
Global and
inter-continental
17 %
33 %
10 %
16 %
29 %
0%
6%
23 %
11 %
6%
19 %
0%
Total emission in the EU = 100 % – each value in the table relates to that.
23 % urban, 56 % macro-regional and 21 % intercontinental.
From passenger transport 60 % from freight 40 %
Road emits 70 % of the total emissions *Electricity production is not included
White Paper 2011
…Towards a competitive
and resource efficient transport system
 Vision for the future – objectives
 General policy objective: long-term strategy for a sustainable




transport system
Three specific objectives: – 60% CO2 emission, drastic decrease in
oil dependency, limit the growth of congestion =>
(Working document) accessibility, equity, service quality, good
provision, paid social costs !
(Impact assessment) three policy options: (1) strict technology
standards for vehicle and fuel (2) mobility-management and carbon
pricing (3) mixture of 1+2
WP three strands (§19) (1) vehicle+fuel technology, (2) transport
chain performance improving technology, (3) transport + infrastructure efficiency by IT, traffic management, market measures
 *FT + „implicit objective” …single European transport area”
 *Unified and homogeneous Europe of 27s? Is it possible to even
2-times, 3-times, 4-times development differences with connection?
White Paper 2011
…Towards a competitive
and resource efficient transport system
Ten goals to achieve
60 % GHG
emission reduction
target
Vehicle and fuel
Urban +
suburban
Macro-regional
(medium 300800 km)
(1) Phase out
conventionally
fuelled cars in cities
Multimodal chains
and modal shift
IT systems
traff. management,
Global and
intercontinental
(2) Reduce maritime
emissions with 40%, lowcarbon fuel planes
achieve 40% share in fleet
(3) 30% of >300km road
fright at another mode by
2030; 50% by 2050;
(4) 3x more h-s rail 2030,
medium dis. Rail by 2050
(5? TEN-T) core netw. by
2030; >capacity by 2050
(8) Multimodal inform.
Management payment sys
(7) Transport manag. syst.
for air, land, water by
2020 + Galileo
(6) rail provision of airports and ports by 2050
safety
(9) 0 fatalit.by 2050
(9) 0 fatalities by 2050
(9) 0 fatalities by 2050
market tools
(10) User / polluter
pays; h.ful subs.= 0
(10) User / polluter pays,
harmful subsidies = 0
(10) User / polluter pays,
harmful subsidies = 0
White Paper 2011
…Towards a competitive
and resource efficient transport system
 Strategy
 * (def.) Policy actions, tools and timing should be coupled




to the objectives of the future vision.
Instead: old frame to start: uniform Union, eliminating market
barriers btw countries, creating single European transport area
Social, safety, security and environmental requirements:
attempt to embed them into the above strategy
This is the reverse of the logic of the sustainability
The decisions on common European social objectives
should be brought on the basis of the social, environmental, safety
and security considerations. The level of / border of the uniformity
should be decided by that disciplines and that should be the frame
to determine about the elimination of the obstacles to achieve these
objectives and promoting the necessary connections
White Paper 2011
…Towards a competitive
and resource efficient transport system
 Strategy
 * (def.) Policy actions, tools and timing should be coupled




to the objectives of the future vision.
Instead: old frame to start: uniform Union, eliminating market
barriers btw countries, creating single European transport area
Social, safety, security and environmental requirements:
attempt to embed them into the above strategy
This is the reverse of the logic of the sustainability
The decisions on common European social objectives
should be brought on the basis of the social, environmental, safety
and security considerations. The level of / border of the uniformity
should be decided by that disciplines and that should be the frame
to determine about the elimination of the obstacles to achieve these
objectives and promoting the necessary connections
White Paper 2011
…Towards a competitive
and resource efficient transport system ?
 Summary
 The White Paper 2011 offers progressive and explicit environmental





frames, target-points for the horizon 2050 (2030)
The preparation of those objectives is well documented in the White
Paper and in the background papers (certain improvement is still
reasonable)
The chapter Strategy that should make the objectives more operative
starts from another logic: it wants to adjust environmental and social
requirements to the creation of the single European transport area
This second part of the objectives aren’t even built up in the
document, its reference (in the Impact Assessment) is the 1992 EU
Treaty
In the title of the White Paper even this implicit objective
has got the first place
The back-casting of the 2050 vision is missing from the document,
so the strategy couldn’t be built on it
SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY AT THE
EU LEVEL – IN THE NEW
TRANSPORT WHITE PAPER
Fleischer Tamás
Institute for World Economics of the HAS
<[email protected]> <http://www.vki.hu/~tfleisch/>
THANKS FOR
YOUR ATTENTION !
CORPUS – The SCP Knowledge Hub
First Policy Meets Research Workshop on Sustainable Mobility
Funded by the European Commission in FP7 (except me !)
Szentendre, Hungary, 5/6 May 2011