Transcript Basics of Tissue Injuries - Doral Academy High School

Basics of Tissue Injuries
Soft Tissue Injuries
• Wounds, Strains, Sprains
▫ Bleed, become infected, produced extra fluid
• Classification: Acute
▫ Occurs suddenly as a result of a high amount of
force applied to the tissue over a short time
(milliseconds-seconds)
• Wounds:
▫ Injuries to the skin
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Incision
Abrasion
Contusion
Laceration
Avulsion
Amputation
Puncture
Contrecoup
▫ Bleed EXTERNALLY
• Sprains
▫ Bleed INTERNALLY
 May cause fluid build up
 Ligament (Bone to Bone)
• Strains
▫ Bleed INTERNALLY
 Tendons (Muscle to Bone)
 Muscle
Grading
• Grade 1
▫ Over stretched
 No decreased ROM, WBAT, ADL
• Grade 2
▫ Partial tear
 Decreased ROM, P w/ WB, decreased ADL, Bruising
• Grade 3
▫ Complete rupture
 NWB, No ROM, often requires surgery
Chronic Soft Tissue Injury
• Chronic is the result of lesser forces being
applied over a long period of time (weeks to
months)
▫ Often the product of overuse
• Types:
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Synovitis
Bursitis
Myositis
Fasciitis
• Synovitis
▫ Inflammation of the synovial joint lining
 Acute injury that never healed or from repeated join
injury
• Bursitis
▫ Inflammation of the bursa sac
 Tends to swell
• Myositis
▫ Chronic Inflammation of the muscle (Myo=
Muscle)
 Sore, tender, mild swelling, excessively sore
• Fasciitis
▫ Inflammation of the Thick, rough connective
tissue that surrounds the muscles
 Thicken, swollen, painful
Stages of Soft-Tissue Healing
• Stage 1: Acute Inflammatory
▫ Cells die from being ripped apart & from being cut
off from food and oxygen supply
 Fresh blood bring chemicals to begin healing process
 Phagocytes, Leukocytes, Platelets (Vocab)
▫ Acute stage lasts 48hrs
• Stage 2: Repair
▫ Injured area filled with fresh blood, cells, and
chemicals to rebuild the damage.
 Fibroblasts for scar tissue 6wks-3mo depending on
severity
• Stage 3: Remodeling
▫ Takes up to 1 year+
Factors That Slow Healing
• Poor Blood Supply
• Poor nutrition
• Illness/disease
▫ Diabetes
• Medications
▫ Corticosteriods
 Chems made in the body to help reduce
inflammation
• Infection
Bone Injuries
• Dislocation
▫ Force displaces two ends of articulating bone
causes them to seperate
▫ Disloc also causes:
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Avulsion fx
Strains/sprains
Disruptions of blood flow
Disruption of nerve conduction
▫ Present w/ obvious deformity, P, NO ROM
• Fractures
▫ Failure point
 Vary with age, bone structure, medical
predisposition
▫ (osteoporosis)
▫ Name according to type of impact/how failure
occurs
 Broken/cracked/chipped/hairline fx
▫ 13 types of fractures
Stages of Bone Healing
• Stage 1: Acute
▫ injury causes break which causes bleeding at site
 Osteoclasts begin to eat the debris to absorb back in
the body
 Osteoblasts begin to add new layers to outside of
bone
 Lasts 4 days
• Stage 2: Repair
▫ Soft Callus forms internally and externally to hold
fractured ends together
▫ Eventually turns to hard callus
▫ Process turning callus to bone begins at 3 weeks
and last approx 3mo
• Stage 3: Remodeling
▫ Takes several years to complete
 Callus is reabsorbed and replaced with bone
 Electrical stimulation can be applied to fx that are
not healing
▫ Due to minerals in bone
▫ Fractures can be nonunion
 Only in WB bones
(leg, foot, scaphoid most common sites)
 Painful, loss of ROM, necrosis
• Vocab
• Jigsaw
• worksheet