Norms:

shared rules of conduct

• • • Outline what is acceptable, appropriate Guide behavior Based on values Value: respect for elders

Norm: give up your seat on the bus if there is someone elderly standing

Culture

Today: Norms Concrete Culture-share artifact Cultural Relativism Language About Test 1 “When a person is down in the world, an ounce of help is better than a pound of preaching.” Edward G. Bulwer-Lytton (Novelist, Playwright, Politician)

Values:

shared beliefs about what is important

Norms: shared rules of conduct

Values:

shared beliefs about what is important

Norms: shared rules of conduct

How do we learn norms?

• positive and negative sanctions •

Sanctions:

reactions people get for breaking or following norms

Positive Sanctions Negative Sanctions

Reward for conformity (approval for following a norm) Punishment for non-conformity (disapproval breaking a norm)

Ex: holding an elevator-smile or thank you Ex: stand too closely to someone step back or weird look

Have you experienced culture shock without traveling?

Culture Shock College Roommates

3 Types of Norms:

Taboo Mores Folkways

Folkways, Mores

(more-ays),

Taboo

Folkways Norms that are not strictly enforced Mores Taboo Norms that we take seriously and are part of core values Norms that are very strongly ingrained in us and almost unimaginable to violate Thanking a stranger for holding a door Respecting a stranger’s property Wearing clothes in front of strangers

3 Types of Norms:

Folkways Mores

Norms that are not

strictly enforced

Norms that we take seriously and are part of core

values Mom and Dad sleep in one room, children in another Parents provide children with a safe place to sleep Taboo

Norms that are very strongly ingrained in us and almost

unimaginable to violate Dad and teenage daughter sleep in same bed

3 types of norms

Mark didn’t bring a gift to his friend’s birthday party. Mark violated a

folkway

Mark exchanged his daughter’s hand in marriage for money. In the United

taboo

Folkways

Norms that are not strictly enforced Bringing a gift to a birthday party

Mores

Norms that we take seriously and are part of core values (often reflect laws) Caring for your pets

Taboo

Norms that are very strongly ingrained in us and almost unimaginable to violate (often reflect laws) Exchanging your daughter’s hand in marriage for monetary compensation

• • • 1.

Assignment 3. your name Share your cultural artifact. what you brought what meaning it has for you Tell us: 2 . As people are sharing, record which category of culture you think each item falls under: • Race/ethnicity/nationality • Language • Gender • Socio-economic status • Age • • • Sports Religion Political ideology • Interests/hobbies • Experiences • Family

Subcultures

• Culture within larger culture • Have own values, customs etc, • Shares many values of the larger culture Ex: Youth culture, DJ’s, surfers, doctors

Counter cultures

Holds values that stand in opposition to those of the dominant culture Ex: Swingers, gangs, mafia

Culture of society as a whole subculture Counter culture

Norms for dinner time

View Info

Freeganism and dumpster diving

More details

1. Do you think Freeganism is a subculture counter culture ? 2. Why? 3. What are their values? 4. What are their norms?

or

• • •

Subculture:

Culture within larger culture Has some own values, customs etc, Shares many values of the parent culture •

Counter culture:

Holds values that stand in opposition to those of the dominant culture

Ethnocentrism

• Using your own group’s ways of doing things to judge others

Cultural Relativism

Examining cultures without judging its elements as superior or inferior to ones own way of life Study habits Favorite team Political beliefs Religious beliefs Child rearing

+ Positive -Negative

Is cultural relativism a good thing?

Can it be a bad thing?

Language Defined:

• Set of symbols that expresses ideas • allows people to think and communicate

Language

The Summer Institute for Linguistics (SIL) Ethnologue Survey (2012) lists the following as the top languages by population: (number of native speakers in parentheses) Mandarin Chinese (937,132,000) Spanish (332,000,000) English (322,000,000) Bengali (189,000,000) Hindi/Urdu (182,000,000) Arabic (174,950,000) Portuguese (170,000,000) Russian (170,000,000) Japanese (125,000,000) German (98,000,000) French(79,572,000)

Language

Guides perceptions

Words exist in certain languages that don’t have a an equivalent Examples: • girlfriend/boyfriend doesn’t exist in Urdu • Kuya/Ate (older brother/sister in Tagalog) • Ta’arof- Farsi term referring to etiquette, politeness, cultural obligations doesn’t exist in English

Culture and Language are interdependent because

• Humans

learn language and transmit our culture through

Culture and Language

What we say influences what we think what we feel and what we believe What think, feel, and believe influences what we say

Language Moribund

(endangered language)

• Moribund = spoken only by a few older people and unknown to children • Many world languages will be extinct or moribund within the next 100 years • An entire way of thinking is lost each time a language becomes extinct

Endangered Languages

• View National Geographic Map of endangered languages • View Enduring Voices Project

What is socialization?

Socialization – the process by which we learn the ways of our society.

In other words… how we become who we are

ongoing lifelong process

What is Human Nature?

• Nature vs. Nurture

Which has more impact on who we are?

29 Genetic DNA

Environment

What is Human Nature?

What we have learned from:

Feral Children?

(wild, raised by animals) Isolated Children? (lacking human contact) Institutionalized Children?

(children in orphanages) Deprived Animals? (animals raised without their mother) 30

Feral Children

What makes us human?

Sociologists say being born human is not enough, society makes a human View the case Oxana Malaya Demonstrates: human behavior is learned not inborn

Found as an 8-year-old feral in Ukraine 1991. Abandoned at age 3

How to study for Test 1

1) Use the study guide on the website! (over weekend) 2) Fill out answers 3) Master the information 4) Test yourself 5) Study with a classmate The test is 25 questions, 22 from the lecture and 3 based on the reading (with some overlap). Review your notes, the Power Point slides posted on the course website, and reading assignments.

February 11 th

To do

• • • • • Turn in your Cultural Artifact Assignment Read Test 1 Coming Up Multiple choice, 25 questions Study notes, ppt slides on website, and text reading

Partner Activity-Language and Culture. Write down responses.

What do you think these proverbs might tell us about what the culture values?

1. “Lower your voice and strengthen your argument.” (Lebanese proverb) 2. “A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.” (American proverb) 3. “E moa i tangata ringa raupa.” “Marry a man with blistered hands.” (Maori Proverb, New Zealand) 4. “Anda tu camino sin ayuda de vecino.” “Walk your own road without the help of a neighbor.” (Mexican proverb) 5. "When the brothers fight to the death, a stranger inherits their father's estate.” (Nigerian proverb)

What do these proverbs tell you about what the culture values?

Lebanese Proverb

“Lower your voice and strengthen your argument”

American Proverb

“A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush”

Maori Proverb

(New Zealand)

“E moa i tangata ringa raupa.” “Marry a man with blistered hands.”

Mexican Proverb

“Anda tu camino sin ayuda de vecino.” “Walk your own road without the help of a neighbor.”

Chinese Proverb

“Don’t add legs to the snake after you have finished drawing it”

Nigerian Proverb

"When the brothers fight to the death, a stranger inherits their father's estate.”

3 types of norms

Mark didn’t bring a gift to his friend’s birthday party. Mark violated a

folkway

Mark exchanged his daughter’s hand in marriage for money. In the United

taboo

Folkways

Norms that are not strictly enforced Bringing a gift to a birthday party

Mores

Norms that we take seriously and are part of core values (often reflect laws) Caring for your pets

Taboo

Norms that are very strongly ingrained in us and almost unimaginable to violate (often reflect laws) Exchanging your daughter’s hand in marriage for monetary compensation

Folkways

3 Types of Norms: Folkways, Mores

(more-ays),

Taboo

Mores Taboo Norms that are not strictly enforced Norms that we take seriously and are part of core values Norms that are very strongly ingrained in us and almost unimaginable to violate Husband and wife live in the same home Being faithful to husband/ wife Open marriages -Multiple wives/husbands

3 Types of Norms: Folkways, Mores

(more-ays),

Taboo

Folkways

Norms that are

not strictly enforced Mores

Norms that we

take seriously

and are part of core values

Taboo

Norms that are very strongly ingrained in us and almost

unimaginable to violate