Transcript Document

Kenya
EPI updates, 2011
Dr Collins Tabu,
Division of Vaccines and Immunization,
KNH Research Symposium,
3rd June, 2011
Presentation Outline

Introduction

Immunization status, Kenya

Key milestones in Kenya EPI, 2010/2011
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Kenya EPI’s gaps and challenges

Interventions/ way forward
Introduction 1/2

EPI, currently rebranded as Division of Vaccines and
Immunization (DVI) started as a unit within the Ministry of
Health 1980

Goal was to immunize all children in the country against the
six traditional EPI diseases

22 years later in 2002, Pentavalent vaccine (DPT-HepB-Hib)
introduced into EPI

In January 2011, Pneumococcal vaccine (PCV 10) introduced
into EPI with GAVI support, ceremonial launch 14th Feb 2011
Introduction 2/2

In addition, DVI now provides the following non-EPI
vaccines


Yellow fever for travelers, Rabies, Anti snake venom, Typhoid
vaccine, & Hepatitis B for health workers (initiated this year)
Current DVI Focus


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
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Reducing dropout rates
Replacing old/ worn out equipment
Introduction of new vaccines – Hepatitis B for health workers
Typhoid vaccination for special groups
Supplementary Immunization activities- Polio, Measles
Kenya, facts and figures
Total Population
40.8 million
%Rural
% under 5
% under 1
Live Births
68 %
13.6 %
4%
1.5 million
Health Systems
% of Govt expenditure on health
Health facilities
•Dispensaries
•Health centers
•Hospitals
6.4%
4767
3514
691
562
Health
Total fertility
Infant mortality
Under five mortality
4.6 per woman
52 per 1000 live birth
74 per 1000 live birth
Vaccination
Fully immunised children (KDHS 2008/2009)
Administrative data
77%
81%
Immunization coverage by antigen and year, 2001-2010
Census (New
Denominator)
120
Percentage
100
BCG
80
Penta 1
60
Penta 2
Measles
40
FIC
20
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Year
Immunization coverage by antigen and Province 2010
140%
120%
BCG
Penta-1
80%
60%
Penta-3
40%
Measles
20%
FIC
Province
io
na
l
N
at
ro
bi
N
ai
N
EP
nz
a
N
ya
te
rn
Ea
s
te
rn
W
es
st
C
oa
C
en
tr
al
0%
R
VP
Percentage
100%
Key mile-stones
2010/2011
1. PCV 10 Introduction
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Introduced Nationwide, January 2011
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Decision to introduce PCV 10 informed by studies on burden of
invasive pneumococcal disease in Kenya- NetSPEAR, Pneumo-ADIP,
KEMRI/CDC, KEMRI Wellcome Trust

Objective to reduce child mortality & facilitate attainment of MDG 4

GoK to fund the vaccine through co-financing of the vaccine cost for
the period of support
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Teams formed to cover the following tasks:
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Vaccine procurement & Distribution
Cold chain assessment
Revision of EPI reporting tools
Training of HCWs on management of the vaccine
Advocacy & social mobilization for the introduction
Monitoring and evaluation- PIE, AEFI
PCV 10 Introduction National coordinating
structure
National Steering Committee
Technical Working Group (TWG)
Logistics
Sub-Committee
Training
Sub-Committee
Advocacy,
Monitoring &
Communication
Evaluation
& Social Mobilization
Sub-Committee
Sub-Committee
PCV 10 Launch, Kenya, Feb 2011
PCV 10 Introduction, Challenges and
Opportunities
Challenges
Opportunities

Resource mobilization for new
vaccine introduction
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Real opportunity to achieve
MDG 4
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High demand for the vaccine –
real danger of stock outs
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Renewed govt, partners &
community interest in
immunization
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Community perceptions on
multiple antigen vaccinations
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Training opportunity for Health
workers
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Created momentum for GAPP
implementation
2. Cold chain inventory
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Done at all immunizing health facilities and storage points
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Confirmed final information on Cold Chain capacity and
additional requirements to make an informed re-distribution
and replacement plan of cold chain equipment
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Conforms to pneumococcal vaccine storage requirements?
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Completed, awaiting report finalization
3. Community Knowledge Attitudes &
Practices baseline survey
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Commissioned to inform communication strategy and
training materials development
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Key objectives explored:
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Practices and behaviour towards pneumonia and underlying
determinants
Information channels & interpersonal networks by which
caregivers learn about and develop attitudes towards health
services and vaccination
Levels of credibility or trust for common information sources
4. PCV 10 Catch-up campaign

Accelerated immunization of the 12-59 month children in 2
districts- Rarieda & Kilifi to allow them ‘catch up’ with the <1 yr
olds receiving routine immunization, in order to form a cohort of
immune individuals
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Objectives:

To allow rapid evaluation of indirect effects of PCV10 herd-protection
following immunization and serotype replacement diseases
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To bring forward an assessment of population effectiveness of
immunization with PCV10
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To monitor the impact of pneumococcal vaccine effectiveness on
invasive pneumococcal disease and radiologically confirmed
pneumonia
5. Others
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Programmatic monitoring to:
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Assess impact of the PCV 10 introduction training
Identify potential problems in new vaccine management,
handling and administration
Document changes in the EPI system as a result of new vaccine
introduction
Adverse events following immunization (AEFI) study
ongoing in 3 demographic surveillance sites in the
country with special focus on:

Injection site abscesses within 7 days of vaccination
Shock within 48 hours of vaccination (TSS?)
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Death within 7 days of vaccination
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Gaps & challenges
Immunization Program gaps
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Funding for Routine Immunization activities
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Introduction of new vaccines and ongoing measles
outbreaks among migrant communities and threats of polio
and yellow fever importation
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Vaccine stock management
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Data quality assessment
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Capacity building of health workers on immunization
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Advocacy on immunization
Current Interventions/
Way forward
Current Interventions

Integration of immunization services with other child survival interventions
(CSIs) using the RED approach as its implementation framework

Broadening community awareness, participation and ownership and BCC
to influence caregiver KAPs to immunization and other CSIs

Integrating immunization services into the broader health system
strengthening agenda

Fostering partnership for immunization and advocating for increased
immunization financing
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Overhaul and modernization of the country’s cold chain

Introduction of the Rota Virus Vaccine 2013
Thank you