Transcript Slide 1

The Financial Feasibility of Using
Shelterbelts for Swine Odor
Mitigation
Photos: P. Schultz
John Tyndall,
Iowa State University
Robert Grala,
Mississippi State University
MS©
Analysis Assumptions
Four test hog finishing farms:
• 2 primary odor sources
May – August
– Farm (buildings & storage)
– Manure application field
• C. Iowa wind patterns
• Manure Application field
– Liquid = 2,500 gals/acre
– Solid = 46 tons/acre
Iowa’s summer winds :
south, southeast, and
southwest
Model Swine Farm and shelterbelt system details.
Farm A – Full
confinement
facility
Farm B– Full
confinement
facility
Farm C– Full
confinement
facility
Farm D –
Hoop Barn
Facility
Annual Pig Production
10,500
2,500
2,000
1,500
Building Ventilation Type
Tunnel
Mechanical
Natural
Natural
Above
ground
concrete
Earthen
manure pit
Above ground
concrete
Solid/bedding
Farm Acreage
2.39
1.38
0.90
0.83
Number of trees Planted
530
250
380
221
Number of Shrubs Planted
120
50
150
75
Application Field Acreage
660
160
100
25
2,145
1,045
835
395
Manure Storage
Number of Application Field
Trees
Shelterbelt Assumptions
Two row Shelterbelt in Ogden, Iowa
Photo: G. Horvath
Shelterbelt Assumptions
•Farm Shelterbelts = 5’ – 6’ b/w trees,
4’ – 5’ b/w shrubs
•Field Shelterbelts (two rows) = 10’ b/w trees
•About 10% mortality Yrs 2 - 6
•Specific species not designated
Two row Shelterbelt in Ogden, Iowa
Photo: G. Horvath
Cost Scenarios
Two row shelterbelt planted around an manure lagoon
in Central Iowa
Photo: A. Hawkins
Cost Scenarios
Planting Stock:
Seedling Price scenario = $0.75/ tree & shrub
Weighted Ave High price = $9.59Average / tree & shrub
Maintenance: i.e. mowing, spraying
“treatment” strip = 10’ x 5820’
Cost Share Programs:
EQIP = 75% establishment cost share
CRPIowa = 90% cost share + incentives/acre
Two row shelterbelt planted around an manure lagoon
in Central Iowa
Photo: A. Hawkins
Example
Snow Deposition zone – min 150’
Tunnel Ventilation
Min 10 x diameter of fans
10,500 head/year
Tunnel
Vents
Concrete
Manure Store
Main Highway
100’x15’
Pit
Vents
Farm = 530 trees &
120 shrubs
Field = 2,145 trees
= R. Osier Dogwood
100’x15’
= E. Red Cedar
= Austree willow
N
N
Access Road
Minimum of 10 H
between tree row
and building
Not to scale
June – Aug Nov – Feb
wind rose for
Central Iowa
Main summer wind filter zone and winter windbreak
Min 150’
Example
Natural Ventilation
1,500 head/yr
Snow deposition area
Farm = 122 trees &
145 shrubs
Field = 394 trees
Hog Building
Pit vents
Access road
= R. Osier Dogwood
Minimum of 10 H
between tree row
and building
= E. Red Cedar
= Austree willow
N
N
Wider spacing between trees (25’ +)
Not to scale
June – Aug Nov – Feb
Wind rose for Central Iowa
Basic Financial Models
1) PVC = PVSBSP + PVSBE + PVSBM
2) PVC = PVSBSP + PVSBE + PVSBM - PVCShare
Converted to
Equal Annual Value (EAV) over 20 yrs
#
’s
@ Real Alternative Rate of Return = 7 %
Economics: Cost Summary
• Examining upfront costs for site prep, planting
stock, planting & maintenance costs over time:
– Low Cost scenario (≈$0.75/tree) over 20 years:
• Seedling stock ≈ $0.03/pig produced
– High Cost scenario (≈$11/tree) over 20 years:
• Larger, balled and burlaped stock ≈ $0.33/pig produced
• With extensive drip irrigation add ≈ $0.008/pig
VEB Economics
Shelterbelt Cost vs. Odor Mgt Expenditures
Seedling Price Scenarios
0.8
Dollars ($) per head
0.7
$
0.69
0.6
Expenditures
0.5
0.4
0.3
W/out EQIP
$ 0.37
$ 0.24
EQIP
$ 0.24
0.2
0.1
0
Farm A -
Farm B -
Farm C -
10,500 Head 2,500 Head 2,000 Head
Farm D 1,500 Head
Data: Tyndall and Grala, 2007 and USDA, 1996
VEB Economics
Shelterbelt Cost vs. Odor Mgt Expenditures
Seedling
Price Scenarios
High Price
Scenarios
0.8
head
perhead
($)per
Dollars($)
Dollars
0.7
$ $ 0.69
0.69
0.6
Expenditures
Expenditures
0.5
0.4
0.3
W/o EQIP
W/out
0.37
$$0.37
$$0.24
0.24
EQIP
EQIP
$$0.24
0.24
0.2
0.1
0
Farm A -
Farm BB -Farm
FarmCC- Farm
FarmDD- Farm
2,500 Head
Head 2,000
2,000Head
Head 1,500
1,500Head
Head
10,500 Head 2,500
Data: Tyndall and Grala, 2007 and USDA, 1996
75% of Iowa’s Producers are Willing To Pay for VEB’s
120
25% of Iowa’s
Producers
WTP = 0
Willingness to Pay
(cents per head)
100
13%
80
60%
60
VEB Costs $0.33/ Head
40
20
VEB Costs $0.03/ Head
Data: Tyndall, 2007
0
10
74
70
53
36
17
8
3
0
Percent of Producers
Iowa Pork Producer Demand Curve for VEB’s
Bottom Line Conclusions
•Inexpensive technology – But it IS a cost
•In most cases, well below producer WTP
•Monetary room for multiple odor
management strategies
•Cost Share programs very important
•Shelterbelts as an EQIP BMP
Contact Info:
Dr. John Tyndall
Phone: 515.294.4912
[email protected]