Transcript EXPERIENTIAL METAFUNCTION - Profesorado Ingles IES 9-007

TRANSITIVIY CHOICES
Experiential metafunction
offers us:
 Resources to encode our
experience of the world
To convey a picture of
reality
The Clause:
Gives information about:
What is happening
Who is taking part
Surrounding circumstances
(eg; where, when, how, etc. )
Building up a Clause
Participant
John and Gladys
Building up a Clause
Participant
+
process
John and Gladys are standing
Building up a Clause
Participant
+
process
+
circumstance
John and Gladys are standing under the umbrella.
Functional constituents of
the clause
 PARTICIPANTS
Realized by
nominal groups
Realized by
verbal groups
 PROCESSES
 CIRCUNSTANCES
Realized by
adverbial group,
prepositional
phrase or
nominal group
Different kind of process:
 MATERIAL
 MENTAL
 VERBAL
 BEHAVIOURAL
 EXISTENTIAL
 RELATIONAL
Processes connect participants
and their circumstances
Mental Processes
Alice feels proud.
Material Processes
Harry bowls.
Relational Processes
Paul has a big belly.
Verbal Processes
Sisters chat.
Material Processes
indicate physical actions
Children skip.
Mike hit the ball.
The dog chased the cat under the fence.
Material verbs
Participant’s roles in
material process
•Actor
•Goal
•Range
•Beneficiary
Diana went to Geneva
She carried the bomb
They were playing tennis
They give me a car
Mental Processes
express thoughts or feelings
The diver felt nervous.
Mr Harris wondered
if the fish would bite.
He believed that she was telling the truth.
Mental verbs
Think
Know
Cognition
Understand
Love
Hate
Like
Want
Affection
Perception
Participant’s roles mental
processes
•Senser
•Phenomenon
I saw Marisa this afternoon
Peter doesn’t believe in God
Projecting
Mental processes ( except those of
perception)allows projection :
Two ways of projecting:
•By Quoting - I Thought “ I will go
and give Blood”
•By reporting - I Thought that I’d go
and give the Blood
•PROJECTED CLAUSES
Verbal Processes
To talk about what was said
“Gold ! Gold !” shouted
the prospector.
The girls chat on
the way home.
Randal screamed at the dog to be quiet.
Verbal verbs
Ask
Tell
Say
Chat
Talk
Speak
Gossip
Participant’s roles in
verbal processes
•Sayer
•Receiver
•Verbiage
I tell him the truth
I made you a
question
Projecting
Verbal process allows projection:
•By quoting ( Direct speech)
•I said “ Can you avoid the scar tissue? “
•By reporting ( Indirect speech)
•I asked them to avoid the scar tissue
•PROJECTED CLAUSES
Behavioural Processes
indicates psychological and
physiological activity
The baby cried for
hours
The woman was laughing
loudly. .
He smiled a broad smile
BEHAVIORUAL VERBS
Cry
Look over
Laugh
stare
Study
Dream
Watch
Taste
Listen
Work out
Smile
breathe
Sniff
Scowl
Participant’s roles in
behavioural processes
•Behavier
•Behaviour
The baby cried for hours
He smiles a broad smile
Most behavioural processes have only one
participant ( behavier)
Behavoural processes often occur with
circumstantial elements of manner and cause.
Existential Processes
indicates existence
There are two children
under the tree
There is snow in the
street
Existential verbs
There is/ are
There was/ were
Participant’s roles in
Existential processes
•EXISTENT
This participant follows the “ there is/ are”
There is snow in the street
Circumstances of location are common in
existential processes.
Relational Processes
indicates states of being or having
It is windy today.
Mr Taylor has a broken leg.
Those dogs have very sharp teeth !
Relational verbs
Be
Have
Others replacing “be” or “have”
Participant’s roles
Relational processes
•FOR ATTRIBUTE PROCESSES
•CARRIER – ATTRIBUTE
•EX: You are very skinny
•I am not weak
•FOR IDENTIFYING PROCESSES
•TOKEN – VALUE
•Ex: You are the skinniest one here
Participants
are the people, things, places or ideas participating
in a process being spoken or written about
banana
Ned Kelly
greed
Sydney Opera House
Participants maybe categorised as
Human
Dad reads the paper.
or
Non Human
My birthday cake
is delicious.
Participants maybe categorised as
concrete
The jug was full.
or
abstract
Happiness is precious.
Participants maybe categorised as
specific
those children
are skipping.
or
Non specific
sharks are dangerous..
Participants are represented by
Noun Groups
The five wonderful Yeppoon singers.
Determiner Numerative
The
Five
Describer
Classifier
Thing
Wonderful
Yeppoon
singers
Noun Groups
can contain the following elements
Determiners
Numeratives
Describers
Classifiers
the children
her children
those children
attractive children
tall children
naughty children
two children
a couple of children
some children
school children
primary children
Australian children
Building a Noun Group
determiner
numerative
thing
describer
classifier
Building a Noun Group
determiner
numerative
thing
describer
classifier
Building a Noun Group
determiner
numerative
his kitten
thing
describer
classifier
Building a Noun Group
determiner
numerative
his three
kittens
his kitten
thing
describer
classifier
Building a Noun Group
determiner
numerative
his three
kittens
his kitten
his three cute
kittens
describer
thing
classifier
Building a Noun Group
determiner
numerative
his three
kittens
his kitten
his three cute
kittens
describer
thing
his three cute
Siamese kittens
classifier
Circumstances refer
to how, how far,
how long, how often,
when, where, with whom
and as what in a clause.
when ?
why ?
how long ?
as what ?
where ?
how far ?
with whom ?
how ?
with what ?
how far ?
about what ?
how often ?
Circumstances are realized
through
Adverbial Groups
Circumstances give
information about
how, when, where
or why a process
takes place and can
be reported by
prepositional phrases
Prepositions are parts
of speech that indicate
relationships between words.
Usually this relationship
is expressed in terms of
time and space
Prepositions of Place
in
inside
onto
from
over
at
amid
outside
below
past
of
upon
before
in front of
throughout
up
with
across
out
under
beside
after
for
behind
along
out of
without
against
off
near
among
to
down
within
through
above
by
except
beneath
next to
between
beyond
around
into
Prepositions of Time
before
after
by
since
in
on
soon
later
during
at
til
until
from
for
A phrase is a small
group of words that
makes some sense
but does not
contain a finite verb.
Many phrases begin
with a preposition.
There was a stone in my boot.
That dog with the black
tail belongs to Mikarla.
Craig left the field after
the bowler’s appeal.
When ?
Where ?
Dave arrived for
work after Jan.
Dave works
in his office.
Why ?
With what ?
Dave couldn’t work
because of the storm.
Dave works
with a computer.
As what ?
Dave works as
an accountant.
How long ?
How far ?
Dave has worked
for many years.
Dave travels to work
for three kilometres.
With whom ?
About what ?
Dave works with his
secretary Gloria.
Dave spoke to Gloria
about her work.
Circumstances give
information about
how, when, where
how often and to what
degree a process takes
place and can be reported
by adverbial groups
Adverbs are modifiers
that say something extra
about a verb, adjective or
another adverb. When one
or more adverb is used
to describe a process it is
called an adverbial group.
How often ?
Stella rarely pins
the fabric.
Degree ?
Stella almost had
the dress ready.
How ?
Stella cuts the fabric
very carefully.
When ?
Stella arrived for
work very early.
Where ?
Stella was
working
there.
Circumstances give
information about
where and when a process
takes place and can be
reported by noun groups
Where ?
Elvis practices the
piano downstairs.
When ?
Elvis has a concert
next week.
How long ?
Elvis practices the
piano all day long.
Circumstances
Across the water
Over the bridge
Through the tunnel
At midnight
Before breakfast
With my pushbike
Carefully
Because of the mud
For a long time
With my little brother
About the flat tyre
As a pilot
Quickly
Last night
Nominalisation
is the changing
of a process into
a participant
The rain fell heavily.
Can be changed to
The falling of the rain was heavy.