Transcript Презентация PowerPoint - Schiller Institute and Fidelio

INFRASTRUCTURE
CORRIDORS IN RUSSIA PROS AND CONS:
A MINERAL RESOURCES
APPROACH
DMITRI V. RUNDQVIST, SERGEI V. CHERKASOV
Vernadsky State Geological Museum, RAS (Moscow)
Russian-French Metallogenic Laboratory
1. History and current situation
in Russia (in terms of
developing and distribution of
mineral resources).
2. Re-evaluation of mineral
potential.
3. From current situation to the
future – challenges and
solutions.
USE OF ELEMENTS BY HUMAN BEINGS
XVIII
XIX
Antiquity
By
bycentury
1939
1975
century
1915
Granite open pit in Kuznechny, near St. Petersburg
Deserted open pit in Murmansk Region
Lebedinsky open pit (Kursk magnetic anomaly)
RUSSIA
TODAY
LAND
POPULATION
FORESTS
FRESH WATER
TOTAL AREA OF SHELF
MINERAL RESOURCES
12.5%
3%
22%
20%
30%
16%
Geological knowledge about Russia
Map of mineral deposits
For the most important mineral resources, Russia’s
share of world resources and reserves is greater than
its relative share of the production and consumption
of the same commodities
50
40
Resources
20
Reserves
Production
10
Consumption
er
pp
Co
um
ra
ni
d
G
er
lv
Si
il
O
al
Co
ol
U
Di
am
on
ds
as
0
G
Percents
30
The only exception is the intensive production
of platinum group metals and, to some extent,
nickel
50
Percents
40
30
Resources
Reserves
Production
20
Consumption
10
0
Platinum
Palladium
Nickel
Norilsk on a frost day
The same place in summer,
and…
…40 years ago.
Norilsk
Norilsk
Besides the decrease in exploration during the last 10
years, we have also had shrinkage of the domestic
market. The mining, oil and gas industries have
became export-oriented. The share of exports in total
production is shown here for 1999.
Oil - 57,3%
Gas – 32%
Coal – 12%
Iron ore –14,9%
Copper –85%
Nickel – 91%
Zinc –59%
Lead –9,1%
Tungsten – 96%
At the expense of pre-existing
stockpiles, exports reached:
uranium - 416,6% of
production (as of 1996)
molybdenum – 356,2%
As a result, per capita resource consumption,
including energy resources, is now only 1/3 to 1/2 its
level in developed countries.
DISTRIBUTION OF RUSSIAN MINERAL RESOURCES
BY FEDERAL DISTRICT
DISTRIBUTION OF MINERAL RESOURCES IN BILLIONS
OF USD AND NUMBER OF DAYS WITH LOW (below 0oC)
TEMPERATURE
260-300
220-260
140-300
220-260
Ñòàâðî ï î ëü
Áèðî áèäæàí
8000-7000
4000-3000
1300-900
Âë àäèâî ñòî ê
500-200
200-100
<100
(BILLIONS USD)
Drilling site in Siberia during snowstorm
During the last 40-45 years
we have utilized
85% of oil
50% of coal
50% of iron
produced
throughout
human history
Consumption of
metals
increased 3- to
5-fold in that
period,
compared with
the previous
35 - 40 years
Russia is rich with
energy resources (32% of gas; 12--13% of oil;
and 12% of coal – world explored reserves);
precious metals (platinum - 40%, palladium 90%);
RE and REE (niobium - about 35%, tantalum about 80%, yttrium - 50%, lithium - 28%,
beryllium - 15%, and zirconium, 12%);
metals for metallurgy (Ni – 36%, Fe – 27%, Sn –
27%, Co – 20%, Zn – 16%, Pb – 12%.);
agrochemical ores (potassium salts – Russia
heads the list, apatite and phosphorite –
Russia is second in the World).
Russia has the largest diamond resources in
the world and ranks third in gold.
REASONS TO RE-EVALUATE
MINERAL POTENTIAL
GROWING DEMAND, CHANGING THE
STRUCTURE OF DEMAND;
DISCOVERIES OF NEW TYPES OF
MINERAL DEPOSITS;
NEW TECHNOLOGIES OF
EXTRACTION;
DIFFERENCE IN METHODOLOGY OF
EVALUATION IN SOVIET UNION,
RUSSIA, AND WESTERN WORLD.
Mineral wealth of Russia.
Eds.: B. Mikhailov, O. Petrov,
S. Kimelman. SPb., VSEGEI,
2007, 550 p.
Mineral resources of Russian
Arctic. Ed. D. Dodin. SPb.,
NAUKA, 2007, 767 p.
Large and Superlarge Mineral
Deposits. Vol. 1. D. Rundqvist,
A. Tkachev, S. Cherkasov, et al.
Ed. D. Rundqvist. Moscow,
IGEM RAS, 2006, 390 p.
D. Rundqvist, S. Cherkasov,
A. Tkachev, et al. Moscow,
RFML, 2006.
GENERAL RESULTS OF RAS PROGRAM
ON LARGE AND SUPERLARGE
MINERAL DEPOSITS
Au
Ag
Cu
Mo
Au, PGE,
Ti, diam.
Au, PGE,
diam.
V
Au, Ti,
Zr, Li
Au, Cu, Zn
Au, PGE,
Cu, Zn, Mo
Cu, Ni, PGE
Au
U
Cu
PGE
Au, Ag,
Sn, U
GENERAL RESULTS OF RAS PROGRAM
ON LARGE AND SUPERLARGE
MINERAL DEPOSITS
Au
Ag
Cu
Mo
Au, PGE,
Ti, diam.
Au,
PGE,
V
diam.
Au, Cu,
Zn
Au,
Ti,
Zr, Li
Au, PGE,
Cu, Zn,
Mo
Cu, Ni,
PGE
Au
U
Cu
PGE
Au,
Ag,
Sn, U
INFRASTRUCTURE CORRIDORS
IN RUSSIA
Railway “Industrial Urals –
Polar Urals”
Above 1000 km
About 2,4 bln. dollars
plus 3.5 bln. dollars –
energy infrastructure
Trans-Siberian railway
9288.2 km (Moscow-Vladivostok)
INFRASTRUCTURE CORRIDORS
IN RUSSIA
Sakha
(Yakutia)
Republic
Sakha (Yakutia) Republic
population 0.95 mln
0.28 mln. – Yakutsk
10 towns, 55 villages
France
population 60 mln.
Germany
population 82.5 mln.
Verkhoyanye Ridge
Buildings on piles
Diamond mining – southern
Sakha (Yakutia)
INFRASTRUCTURE CORRIDORS
IN RUSSIA
YANA-KOLYMA GOLD BEARING (GREEN)
AND VERKHOYANYE SILVER BEARING
(RED) PROVINCES
Germany
SUMMARY
transportation infrastructure is the
key to Russian mineral resources
to develop new territories, we have
to think of social and demographic
problems, and to solve them using
global common sense
new geological prospecting, mining,
and refining technologies open up
new resources
THANKS
FOR YOUR
ATTENTION