Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry Steps

1. Balance the equation;

Is it balanced?

Is it balanced?

Grams A

Mole Box

Grams B

Molar Mass of A Molar Mass of B

Mol A

Mole Ratio (Balanced Equation)

Mol B

2. Grams to Moles (Divide by Molar Mass) *Don’t forget to use sig figs!* A sample contains 27.1 g of oxygen. How many moles of oxygen are in this sample?

27.1 grams of O2 X 1

0.847 This is the molar mass of Oxygen. (16.00g X 2)= 32.00g of O2

mole O2 =

moles

32

3. Moles to Moles ( Multiply by Mole Ratio) If you started with 3.50 mol of hydrogen, how many moles of oxygen could be formed?

3.50 mol H2 X 1 mole O2 = 1.75 moles of O2 2 moles H2

4.

Mole to Grams (Multiply by Molar Mass) If you needed to produce 12.2 g of water, how many grams of hydrogen would you need?

12.2 moles of H2O X 2 moles H2 X 2 grams H2 = 24.4 grams of H2

Molarity

The concentration of a solution in

mol/L = moles of solute 1 L of solution

Finding Moles of a Solution

Use the formula;

cv = n

Concentration(mol/L) X Volume(L) = Moles(mol)

Grams A

Mole Box 2

Grams B

Molar Mass of A Molar Mass of B

Mol B Mol A

Concentration of A (mol/L) Mole Ratio (Balanced Equation) Concentration of B (mol/L)

Litres A Litres B

Example (Litres A to Grams B) 2 NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l) 15.0 mL of a 1.5 mol/L NaOH solution gives how many grams of H2O?

CONVERT! 1 L X= 0.0150 L = X L 1000 mL 15.0 mL 0.0150 L NaOH X 1.5 mol NaOH X 2 mol 0.40

H2O X 18g H2O = 5 g NaOH 1 mol H2O 1 L NaOH 2 mol *THIS IS A THREE STEP PROBLEM!* H2O

Stoichiometry with Gases

The stoichiometry of gases is based on the ratio between the quantities of gas involved in a chemical reaction. This method is used to predict the quantity of a reactant or product involved in a chemical reaction in which one of the compounds is a gas.

Example 1 (Litres A to Litres B) If 7.00 L of H2 gas reacts with Cl2 gas, how many litres of HCl gas would form?

H2 + Cl2 2HCl

7.00 L H2 X 2 L HCl = 14.0 L HCl 1 L H2

Example 2 (Grams A to Litres B) Mg(s) + HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)  If 17.00 g of Mg reacts, how many millilitres of H2 will form?

17.00 g Mg X 1 mol Mg X 1 mol H2 X 22.4 L H2 = 15.70 L of H2 24.31 g Mg 1 mol Mg 1 mol = 15.70 L X= 15 Convert this answer to millilitres!

700 mL of H2 1000 mL X mL

Classifying Reactions

1. Combustion= Burning with Oxygen Tips:  If C is in the reactants, CO2 will be a product.

Example: • C + O2 CO2  If H2 is in the reactants, H2O will be a product.

• • Example: 2H2 + O2 2H2O CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

2. Synthesis

Simpler reactants combine to make more complex products.

• • Examples: Mg + Cl2 MgCl2 CO2 + H2O H2CO3

3. Decomposition

Decomposition is when complex Reactants break down to become simpler molecules. • • Examples: H2CO3 H2O + CO2 BF3NH3 BF3 + NH3

4. Single Displacement

An element and a compound are required for single displacement. The element in the reactants will “replace” or “displace” one of the elements in the compound. *It is important to remember that metals replace metals only, and non-metals replace non-metals only.

• • Examples: A + B B + AC Na(s) + H2O(l) NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

Example of a Reaction

Burning of methane releases 275 kJ of energy per mole of methane being burned. How many grams of methane must burn in order to produce 1500 kJ of energy?

What type of reaction has occurred? Combustion reaction.

CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O 1500 kJ X 1 mole CH4 X 16.04 g CH4 275 kJ 1 mole CH4 = 88 g of CH4 C = 12.01 12.01 + 1.01(4) = 16.04 g of CH4 H = 1.01

Bibliography

• • Couture, Ivan, Marie-Eve Lacombe-Harvey, and Genevieve Levasseur-Thériault.

Quantum Chemistry Student Textbook

. Ed. Marie-Eve Robitaille, Isabel Rusin, and Colleen Ovenden. Trans. Jacquie Charlton, Cristina Cusano, Natasha DeCruz, Joann Egar, and Gwen Schulman. Montreal: Cheneliere Education, 2011. Print.

Doty, Wendy L. "Stoichiometry Notes." toichiometery%20Notes.pdf>.

Downey Unified School District

. N.p., 2006. Web. 10 Oct. 2012.