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Coupling Of Microwaves to PLasma for Electron Cyclotron resonance ion Sources INFN - GSI - GANIL - LPSC - JYFL - KVI CERN - ATOMKI- TSL - NIPNE - IKF- IAP

The core of the JRA

consists of the study and analysis devoted to the search for innovative methods able to increase the energy content of the plasma in ECR ion sources, with the final goal to obtain intense beams of highly charged heavy ions, with special regards to metallic elements, particularly important for the TNA.

Giovanni Ciavola Town Meeting, Sept. 19th, 2007, Helsinki 1

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Key points

 The improvement of ECR ion source performances has been based on the increase of confinement time and plasma density, so high magnetic field trap has been designed and higher frequency has been used.

 In the last three years, it was understood that a better knowledge of the plasma-wave interaction, of the plasma-wall interaction and of the multi-charged ion beam formation may permit important steps forward.

 The ECR-heating has to be studied by taking into account the wave behaviour and the mode structure inside the plasma chamber.

 Plasma diagnostics will study the hot electrons loss on the plasma chamber wall to improve the ECRIS physics understanding.

Giovanni Ciavola Town Meeting, Sept. 19th, 2007, Helsinki 2

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Requirements

The comprehension of ion formation mechanism will be beneficial for all the existing sources within TNA, in particular for the sources that will produce intense beams of highly charged ions.

GSI :

ions of (A/q) = 1 to 8.5 are needed, dc mode : Xe 20+ ~ 1 emA; pulsed mode : 6 mA of U 28+

GANIL, INFN-LNL

: (q/A) = (1/3) 1 emA 36 Ar 12+ cw mode, krypton beams

CERN

: 1 emA Pb 27+ pulsed mode

Cyclotrons (INFN-LNS, KVI, JYFL,TSL)

: heavy ion beams up to U 60+ between 0.1 and 5 eµA (cw mode) Giovanni Ciavola

ECOS

: 0.1 - 1 emA with charge state as high as possible Town Meeting, Sept. 19th, 2007, Helsinki 3

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Methods

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 The sources already existing (MS-ECRIS, A-PHOENIX, SERSE, and other sources available in the laboratories involved in this project) will be used for these tests.

 For some ECRIS a possible extension of operating frequency and the use of broadband amplifiers is under consideration, with the contribution of the associated Inst. Appl. Phys., Nizhny Novgorod.

 Special attention has to be paid to the beam formation, in order to ensure that a high quality ion beam is produced, even for high intensities, that will have beneficial effects on the transport.

 The theory demonstrated that higher beam intensity can be achieved with lower microwave power, that results also in a higher source reliability and beam availability.

Giovanni Ciavola Town Meeting, Sept. 19th, 2007, Helsinki 4

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Metal ion beams

Metal ion beams production is not new, but indeed new methods are needed because the state of the art does not permit to satisfy all the requirements of Nuclear Physics experiments Problems occur for expensive/reactive/high melting point materials

Resistively heated oven developed during FP6

up to 2000˚C large dimensions and low reliability at the highest temperature Giovanni Ciavola  Compact inductive oven may be the ideal tool for any facility.

 Innovative methods and new material combinations are strongly required for all accelerator facilities. Town Meeting, Sept. 19th, 2007, Helsinki 5

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Additional resources

 Additional resources will be made available by the different Institutions.

 In particular, different ECR ion sources may be used for the experiments, including MS-ECRIS and A-PHOENIX, built with a contribution of EU under FP6/EURONS.

 A relevant number of diagnostics tools are already available at some laboratories and some other may be built in the coming years with own resources of the participating Institutions (beam diagnostics, microwave interferometry, optical diagnostics, etc.) .



‘Fresh money’

will be available from INFN, to build an innovative microwave generator, fulfilling the requirements needed, provided that a contribution of the same order would be available from EU.

Giovanni Ciavola Town Meeting, Sept. 19th, 2007, Helsinki 6