Transcript master file -- hpc, silica fume conc

Chapter 5. Silica-Fume
Concrete Projects
 Bridge Decks
 Parking Structure
 High-Rise Columns
 HPC Bridge
 Shotcrete Rehabilitation
 HPC Constructability
Bridge Decks -- New
Construction and
Overlays
(Fly Ash and Silica Fume
Combination)
Chapter
Outline
Project:
Bridge Deck Construction
New York State DOT
High-Performance Concrete
Requirements:
Resist chloride ion penetration
Minimize cracking
Concrete Mixture:
Portland cement
Fly ash
Silica fume
w/cm
Slump
Air
Wet cure
500 lb/yd3
135 lb/yd3
40 lb/yd3
0.40
3-4 inches
6.5 %
7 days
Concrete Performance:
Rapid chloride
permeability:
< 1,600 coulombs
Compressive strength,
28 days:
> 5,400 psi
“Results indicated that Class HP decks
performed better than previously specified
concrete in resisting both longitudinal and
transverse cracking.”
Project:
Bridge Deck Construction
New York State DOT
High-Performance Concrete
Requirements:
Resist chloride ion penetration
Minimize cracking
SI
Concrete Mixture:
Portland cement
Fly ash
Silica fume
w/cm
Slump
Air
Wet cure
300 kg/m3
80 kg/m3
25 kg/m3
0.40
75-100 mm
6.5 %
7 days
SI
Concrete Performance:
Rapid chloride
permeability:
< 1,600 coulombs
Compressive strength,
28 days:
> 37 MPa
“Results indicated that Class HP decks
performed better than previously specified
concrete in resisting both longitudinal and
transverse cracking.”
SI
Bridge Deck Overlay
(High Silica Fume Content)
Chapter
Outline
Project:
Bridge Deck Overlay, Ohio DOT
Beverly, Ohio
Requirements:
Resist chloride ion penetration
4,500 psi at 28 days
RCP < 1,000 coulombs
Concrete Mixture:
Portland cement, Type I
Silica fume
w/cm
Slump
Air
HRWRA
WRA, Type D
700 lb/yd3
70 lb/yd3
0.36
4-8 in.
6-10%
20 fl oz/cwt
3 fl oz/cwt
Concrete Performance:
Rapid chloride
permeability
600 coulombs
Compressive strength,
28 days
7,000 psi
Project:
Bridge Deck Overlay, Ohio DOT
Beverly, Ohio
Requirements:
Resist chloride ion penetration
31 MPa at 28 days
RCP < 1,000 coulombs
SI
Concrete Mixture:
Portland cement, Type I 415 kg/m3
Silica fume
41.5 kg/m3
w/cm
0.36
Slump
100-200 mm
Air
6-10%
HRWRA
1.3L/100 kg
WRA, Type D
165 ml/100 kg
SI
Concrete Performance:
Rapid chloride
permeability
Compressive strength,
28 days
600 coulombs
48 MPa
SI
Parking Structure
Chapter
Outline
Project:
Parking Structure
General Mitchell Airport
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Requirements:
Resist chloride ion penetration
2,000 psi at 36 hours
5,700 psi at 56 days
Concrete Mixture:
Portland cement, Type I
Fly ash, Class C
Silica fume
w/cm
WRA
Slump, maximum
565 lb/yd3
100 lb/yd3
39 lb/yd3
0.35
12 fl oz/yd3
9 in.
Additional WRA and HRWRA in SF slurry
Concrete Performance:
Compressive strength,
36 hours:
> 2,000 psi
Cores taken at 2 - 10 months averaged
< 1,000 coulombs
Slump used:
6 - 7.5 in.
Project:
Parking Structure
General Mitchell Airport
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Requirements:
Resist chloride ion penetration
14 MPa at 36 hours
40 MPa at 56 days
SI
Concrete Mixture:
Portland cement, Type I
Fly ash, Class C
Silica fume
w/cm
WRA
Slump, maximum
335 kg/m3
60 kg/m3
17 kg/m3
0.35
440 mL/m3
230 mm
Additional WRA and HRWRA in SF slurry
SI
Concrete Performance:
Compressive strength,
36 hours
> 14 MPa
Cores taken at 2 - 10 months averaged
< 1,000 coulombs
Slump used:
150- 90 mm
SI
High-Rise Columns
Chapter
Outline
Project:
Key Bank Tower
Cleveland, Ohio
Requirements:
High ultimate strength, > 12,000 psi
High modulus, > 6,800,000 psi
Pumpable, 57 stories
Concrete Mixture:
Portland cement, Type I
GGBFS
Silica fume
w/cm
Slump, minimum
HRWRA
WRA, Type A
685 lb/yd3
285 lb/yd3
80 lb/yd3
0.24
10 in.
30-50 fl oz/cwt
4 fl oz/cwt
Concrete Performance:
Modulus
> 7,000,000 psi
Compressive strength,
28 days
56 days
> 14,000 psi
> 15,000 psi
Project:
Key Bank Tower
Cleveland, Ohio
Requirements:
High ultimate strength, > 83 MPa
High modulus, > 47 GPa
Pumpable, 57 stories
SI
Concrete Mixture:
Portland cement, Type I
GGBFS
Silica fume
w/cm
Slump, minimum
HRWRA
WRA, Type A
406 kg/m3
169 kg/m3
47 kg/m3
0.24
250 mm
2.0-3.3 L/100 kg
260 mL/100 kg
SI
Concrete Performance:
Modulus
Compressive strength,
28 days
56 days
> 48 GPa
> 97 MPa
> 103 MPa
SI
HPC Bridge
Chapter
Outline
Project:
I-25 and Yale Bridge, Colorado DOT
Denver, Colorado
Requirements:
Reduced number of spans with
shallow superstructure depth
Compressive strength: 10,000 psi
Concrete Mixture:
Portland cement, Type I 730 lb/yd3
Silica fume
35 lb/yd3
w/cm
0.29
HRWRA
44-131 fl oz/yd3
WRA
15-58 fl oz/yd3
Project:
I-25 and Yale Bridge, Colorado DOT
Denver, Colorado
Requirements:
Reduced number of spans with
shallow substructure depth
Compressive strength: 69 MPa
SI
Concrete Mixture:
Portland cement, Type I
Silica fume
w/cm
HRWRA
WRA
433 kg/m3
21 kg/m3
0.29
1.7-5.1 L/m3
0.6-2.2 L/m3
SI
Shotcrete
Rehabilitation
Chapter
Outline
Project:
Seismic Retrofit
Littlerock Dam, California
Requirements:
Provide adequate seismic stability
for maximum credible earthquake
Compressive strength of 6,000 psi
at 28 days in a 4-in. thick overlay
Concrete Mixture:
Portland cement, Type I
Silica fume
Steel fibers
w/cm
Slump
682 lb/yd3
70 lb/yd3
100 lb/yd3
0.45
2-4 in.
Concrete Performance:
Compressive strength, cores,
> 21 days, average
7,300 psi
Pulloff testing of cores satisfied project
requirements of 150 psi
Average shotcrete thickness: 4.7 in.
Project:
Seismic Retrofit
Littlerock Dam, California
Requirements:
Provide adequate seismic stability
for maximum credible earthquake
Compressive strength of 41 MPa at
28 days in a 100-mm thick overlay
SI
Concrete Mixture:
Portland cement, Type I
Silica fume
Steel fibers
w/cm
Slump
405 kg/m3
41 kg/m3
60 kg/m3
0.45
50 - 100 mm
SI
Concrete Performance:
Compressive strength, cores,
> 28 days, average
> 50 MPa
Pulloff testing of cores satisfied project
requirements of 1.0 MPa
Average shotcrete thickness: 119 mm
SI
HPC Constructability
Chapter
Outline
Project:
Canister Storage Building
Hanford Nuclear Site, WA
Requirements:
Ease of placement
Temperature control of mass concrete
High early strength for stripping
High durability
Concrete Mixture:
Portland cement, Type I
Fly ash, Class F
Silica fume
w/cm
Slump
HRWRA
Mid-range WRA
391 lb/yd3
150 lb/yd3
60 lb/yd3
0.37
8 in.
150 fl oz/yd3
60 fl oz/yd3
Concrete Performance:
Concrete temperature,
as delivered
in place
< 70 deg F
< 100 deg F
Compressive strength,
28 days
90 days
> 6,300 psi
> 7,500 psi
Concrete Mixture:
Portland cement, Type I
Fly ash, Class F
Silica fume
w/cm
Slump
HRWRA
Mid-range WRA
232 kg/m3
89 kg/m3
36 kg/m3
0.37
200 mm
5.8 L/m3
2.3 L/m3
SI
Concrete Performance:
Concrete temperature,
as delivered
in place
< 21 deg C
< 38 deg C
Compressive strength,
28 days
90 days
> 43 MPa
> 52 MPa
SI
End of Chapter 5
Main
Outline