Transcript Slide 1

United States Coal Generation
Asia Pacific Partnership
Brown Coal (Lignite) Best Practice Workshop
Melbourne, Australia
23 - 27 June 2008
Growing World Energy Demand
World Energy
Consumption
Today
World Energy
Consumption
2030
465 QBtu or 490 EJ
86% Fossil Energy
Coal
25%
722 QBtu or 761 EJ
87% Fossil Energy
Gas
24%
Coal
27%
Nuclear
6%
Oil 37%
Renewables
8%
World today and tomorrow data from EIA AEO 2007, early release for years 2006 and 2030.
U.S. Department of Energy
Gas
26%
Nuclear
5%
Oil 33%
Renewables
9%
Current US Electricity Supply
Mix
Coal is expected to play a key role in
growth of Emerging Economies
4 000
Power generation
Other
TE
Other OECD
EU27
Japan
US
Other DC
India
China
3 500
3 000
Mtoe
2 000
Coal input
2 500
1 500
1 000
500
0
2005
2030
2005
2030
Global CO2 emissions from coal: 11 GtCO2 in 2005, 19 GtCO2 in 2030
Source: IEA, World Energy Outlook 2007, Reference scenario.
Age of Existing Coal-Fired Capacity in 2005
(MW) in India, China, and USA
160,000
140,000
China
India
US
13 2 ,8 6 2
Capacity (MW)
120,000
112 ,7 9 5
10 5 ,7 8 0
100,000
8 2 ,5 5 4
7 7 ,2 8 7
80,000
60,000
40,000
2 5 ,2 4 5
2 6 ,6 3 1
20,000
19 ,9 2 2
17 ,0 15
17 ,12 6
6 ,7 7 6
5 ,9 5 6
4 ,9 3 7
2 ,3 2 9
1,8 5 2
0
0-10 Years Old
(1996-2005)
11-20 Years Old 21-30 Years Old 31-40 Years Old
(1986-1995)
(1976-1985)
(1966-1975)
Data Source: Platts UDI, 2005
41Years and
Older (1965)
US Coal-Fired Power Plants
US Coal-Producing Region
Source: Platts
US Coal Production, 1949-2006
(Million Short Tons)
700
600
500
400
Lignite
Bituminous
Subbituminous
300
200
100
0
1950
U.S. Department of Energy
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
US Coal Production by Rank
(2006)
Source: EIA, International Energy
US Lignite Composition
• The lignite in North Dakota and Texas
have a high moisture content
– 20 to 40 weight percent
• A low heating value
– 5,000 to 7,500 British thermal units per pound
[Btu/lb], on a wet basis
Great River Energy
Large Scale US DOE Demo Project
Lignite Fuel Enhancement - applicable to power plants burning inherently
high-moisture coals.
Achieving higher plant efficiencies, lower operating costs, and lower emissions.
Total Project funding: $25.6 million (DOE share: $11 million).
Feeder
Wet Coal
To Boiler
Baghouse
Hopper
Fluidized Bed 1
Cyclone
546 MWe Coal Creek Station
Fluidized Bed 2
Two-Stage Fluidized Bed Lignite Dryer System using Waste Heat
Underwood, ND
Efficiency Improvements of CoalFired Electric Generating Units
• U.S. coal fleet current operating heat rate
is 10,400 Btu/kWh
• Efficiency of a new power plant is largely a
function of economic choice
• To produce higher efficiencies, higher
pressure and temperatures are required
• Power plant efficiency can add value by
reducing the amount of fuel used and
thereby the amount of CO2 emitted
Conclusions
• Energy Produced by Coal Is Expected to
Increase by 50% in the next 20-30 Years
• Increased Efficiency of Existing & New
Coal Fleet is an Imperative
• Characteristics of Coal Sources Is
Changing
• Research Concerning Coal Drying is
Critical
Discussion
• Questions
• Comments
India
India
India
India
India
India
India
India
India
India
India
India
India
Extra Info
• Background Materials on R&D
Electricity Generation Capacity by Fuel
Type in 2005 (%) China, India, and USA
Operational Capacity by Fuel Type (2005)
INDIA
USA
CHINA
0.0%
20.0%
Coal
40.0%
Gas
Oil
Hydro
60.0%
Nuclear
80.0%
100.0%
Others / Renew ables
Country
Total Capacity (MW)
Coal Capacity
(MW)
India
116,860
67,296
USA
991,794
327,551
China
379,895
272,243
Data Source: Platts UDI, 2005
Age of Existing Coal-Fired Units in 2005
(Number of Units) in India, China, and USA
600
552
569
China
Number of Units
500
India
US
406
400
300
258
223
200
111 116
100
133
105
108
80
72
63
38
20
0
0-10 Years Old
(1996-2005)
11-20 Years Old
(1986-1995)
Data Source: Platts UDI, 2005
21-30 Years Old
(1976-1985)
31-40 Years Old
(1966-1975)
41Years and
Older (1965)
Additional Slides on
Great River Energy
DOE Factsheet
Great River Energy
• Increasing Power Plant Efficiency: Lignite Fuel
Enhancement
– The objective of this project is to demonstrate that the moisture
reduction of lignite coal will increase its value as a fuel in power
plants
• The project will be conducted at the Great River
Energy’s Coal Creek Station in Underwood, North
Dakota.
– The demonstration activities
will focus on using waste heat
in the plant to lower the
moisture content of lignite
(typically about 40 percent moisture)
Coal Creek Station
Increasing Power Plant Efficiency:
Lignite Fuel Enhancement
• This technology could be applied to increase the
generating capacity, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of
units that burn high-moisture coal.
• Currently in the U.S., units totaling more than 100 GW
installed capacity are burning coal with high moisture
content.
• Application of this technology could result in a reduction
in the emissions from coal-fired power plants because
the plants will require less coal after it is dried to produce
the same amount of power.
• In this project, the moisture in the lignite would be
lowered by about ten percentage points.
• This technology increases the efficiency of plants
burning lignite and other high moisture coals.