Transcript 幻灯片 1 - Industrial Technologies 2012

Sciences, Technology and Innovation in China:
From Fundamental Research to Industrialization
Chunli BAI
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Industrial Technologies
21st, June 2012
Outline
I. An overview of S&T and innovation in China
II. Roadmap of S&T and Innovation
III. A Brief Touch on CAS
IV. Analysis and conclusion
Outline
I. An overview of S&T and Innovation in China
II. Roadmap of S&T an d Innovation
III. A Brief Touch on CAS
IV. Analysis and conclusion
General Statements
 China has set up a complete S&T and innovation system
with a few fields ranking at the top of the world
 Has the world's 2nd largest R&D workforce with a total
R&D expenditure at 1.8% of GDP
 As the second largest economy with diversified
development, China allows enough room to try all kinds
of S&T innovations
 Has obviously reached the stage we can rely more on
S&T contributions, innovation and skills of workforce for
further progress
China’s R&D workforce
Ranked No. 2 in 2009 with a total of 2.29 million
R&D force in selected countries
Source: Main Science & Technology Indicators 2010/2 (OECD)
China’s R&D investment
Became the second largest in the world in 2009,
taking up 12% of the global total
Global R&D expenditures by country/region:2009
Europe
$319B(25%)
Central Asia
$33B(2.6%)
USA $402B(31%)
China $154B(12%)
Japan $138(11%)
South Asia
$34B(2.6%)
Central America &
Caribbean
$0.6(<0.1%)
Africa$9
B(0.7%)
South America
$31B(2.4%)
Austrialia &
Oceania
$22B(1.8%)
Source: Science and Engineering Indicator 2012
China’s R&D growth rate
Remains around 20% annually in the past
decades, being the highest in the world
Still a big GAP In
percentage
Suggesting the
need to further
increse
Source: Science and Engineering Indicator 2012
China’s R&D investment from the business sector
Has the largest share, being the third highest among the
world’s major countries in proportion
Gross expenditures on R&D by performing sector, in selected countries: 2008 or 2009
Country
Business
Government
Higher education
Private nonprofit
US(2009)
70.3
11.7
13.5
4.4
China (2009)
73.2
18.7
8.1
0.0
Japan (2009)
75.8
9.2
13.4
1.6
Germany (2009)
67.5
14.9
17.6
**
France (2009)
61.9
16.3
20.6
1.2
Korea (2008)
75.4
12.1
11.1
1.4
UK(2009)
60.4
9.2
27.9
2.5
Source: Science and Engineering Indicator 2012
China’s international S&T publications
Have increased rapidly over the years,
became No.2 in total in 2009
Thousand
S&E journal articles produced, by selected region/country: 1995–2009
Source: Science and Engineering Indicator 2012
8
S&T publications in high impact journals
Also witnessed a rapid increase such as in Nature,
Science, JACS, PRL and Lancet, etc
6.00
5.57
专业性期刊论文比例
More specialized journals
such as JACS and PRL
5.00
综合性期刊论文比例
4.30
3.85
4.00
%
3.30
3.00
2.54
2.50
Comprehensive journals
such as Nature and Science
2.00
2.04
1.41
1.34
0.99
1.00
1.38
0.64
1.43
0.96
0.86
0.64
1.40
0.80
0.62
0.00
1999年
2001年
2003年
2005年
Source: CAS Documentation Center
2007年
2.00
China’s invention patents
Became No. 3 in 2009 but far behind Japan and
the U.S.
Invention patents granted in selected countries (2009)
180000
160000
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Source: MOST; Main Science & Technology Indicators 2010/2 (OECD)
Total
Domestic
Foreign
 China has accomplished a great deal in a
wide range of science, technology and
innovation
 These successes cover frontiers of science,
areas for social benefits and sustainability,
and industrial competitiveness and national
security
Nano Technology is such a good case
Rapid Development of NanoTechnology since 1980s
 Government Investment to National Nano S&T
 Nano S&T was listed as an important item in the
Chinese National S&T Development Program (20062020)
 National Research Institutes
 Having seen various kinds of entities set up
 Publications and Patents
 SCI/EI Publications in Nanotechnology—China became
No. 1 in 2010
 Has Made Success both on Basic Research and Application
Nano Basic Research
Examples
Developed nanocrystalline materials: Super Cu
Institute of Metal Research, CAS
Lu, et al, Science, 287, 1463 (2000):Superplastic Extensibility of at Room Temperature
Lu, et al, Science, 304, 426 (2004):Ultrahigh Strength and High Electrical Conductivity
Lu, et al, Science, 323, 607 (2009):Revealing the Maximum Strength in Nanotwinned Copper
As-deposited
e=200%
e=600%
e=2000%
RT~ 0.22Tm
e=5100%
Nanostructure copper can be elongated to more than 50 times without breaking.
This unique behavior demonstrates that the nanocrystalline structure significantly
facilitates plastic deformation at lower temperatures.
This feature is useful for advancing processing technology of metals and alloys.
Nano Application
Examples
A Comparison between Green Printing Tech and
LPS & CTP Currently Used in the Market
Institute of Chemistry, CAS
• Laser phototypesetting
system
• Two steps photographic
development
Picture and text
information
fix
developexpose
Photosensitive
film
Chemical Treatment Process
Film
PS plate
Burning Plate
Laser phototype
-setting machine
Computer
fix
develop
expose
Plate
Chemical Treatment Process
• CTP -Int’l mainstream
technology
• One step photographic
development
Picture and text
Plate
Computer
fix
develop
CTP equipment
expose
CTP plate
Problems
• Photographic imaging,
need to process in
darkness
• Chemical development,
cause liquid waste
discharge
• Pre-coating, waste
resources
（80－90％）
• Fuji、Kodak、Agfa…
Technology
advantage
Process of Photoreception and Chemical Treatment
。Current tech
。No photographic
process
No need to avoid light
 No pollution
 Low cost
 Recoverable
“Giving up darkness to
light” as we say in Chinese

Picture and text
information
Computer
Printing plate
• Reduces costs and farewell to pollution by a click of the mouse.
Nano Application
Examples
@ Nanomaterials-based Green Printing Plate Technology
Innovation & Key technologies
Nano-particles
Innovation
No need pre-coating
process
All process green
Key technologies
Control the nano/micro-structure
of the super-hydrophilic plate.
Modulate the wettability of the
printing images
Achieve printing endurance
Polymer layer
Surface
modification
Superhydrophilicity
Nano Application
Examples
@Nanomaterials-based Green Printing Plate Technology
Some Printed Samples with the New Technology
Outline
I.An
overview of S&T and innovations in China
II.Roadmap of S&T and Innovation
III.A Brief Touch upon CAS
IV.Analysis
and conclusion
2006-2020 National S&T Outline
• This Outline was worked out in 2006, involving contributions of over
3000 individuals
• It aims to turn China into an innovation-driven country & a well-off
society through fostering strategic emerging industries
Its specific goals include:
Further build up our national innovation system
Forge stronger linkages between S&T and industries
Make enterprises to be main players in R&D and innovations
Improve S&T contributions to economy up to 60% from current 40%
Increase R&D expenditure up to 2.5% of GDP
Establish Chinese modern research system
National Priorities Specified
Main Areas include:
Energy
Agriculture
Environment
Transportation
Population and health
Manufacturing industry
Information industry and
modern service Industry
Water and mineral resources
Urbanization and city
development
National safety and public
security
To achieve
innovation and frogleap development
and provide strong
support for the
future
Initiated 16 major national special projects
to carry out the implementation
Various Supporting Policies and Measures
Has issued various supporting policies and measures to support
the implementation of the Outline such as:
 Financial and taxation policies
 Enhanced IP strategy & standards
 Efforts to optimize funding structure
 Efforts to promote a diversified system of S&T investment
 Initiatives to expand both int’l and domestic S&T cooperation
……
 Our basic approach is to adopt whatever policy and initiatives
needed that are not in practice
 We need to improve our eco-system as China actually
introduced the innovation concept from the West
S&T Development Outline in the 12th Five-Year-Plan
(2011-2015)
National
S&T
Outline
Key S&T
areas
To achieve indigenous innovation capacity-building
To enhance strategic emerging industry development
General
S&T
To carry out major national S&T programs
To implement national S&T programs in 12th Five-Year Plan
S&T development
plans for specific
areas or agencies
To implement programs under CAS, NSFC etc.
To carry out national programs in environment & marine
science etc.
Local and industrial
S&T plans
To implement provincial S&T programs and industrial plans
such petrochemical initiatives
21
Eight Major Tasks in the 12th Five-Year-Plan
Cultivate & develop strategic new industries
Achieve breakthroughs in key industrial technologies
Achieve breakthroughs in key techs for People's livelihood
Aim
to:
Implement national key special S&T projects
Deploy basic and frontier tech research ahead of time
Build up S&T innovation bases and platforms
Train innovative talent
Improve National Innovation System
Outline
I.
An overview of S&T and innovations in China
II. Roadmap of S&T and Innovations
III. A Brief Touch on CAS
IV. Analysis and conclusion
CAS’s Strategic Positioning in China’s S&T
Has proved and will continue to prove to be:
A “National Team”
representing the highest scientific standard in China
A “Big School”
fostering of scientific
talent in China
A Think-Tank
promoting the country’s
science -based development
CAS
A “Pioneer”
facilitating the country’s
S&T structure reform
An “Engine”
of S&T innovation in leading
the country’s S&T progress
CAS is the national scientific institution in China with
multiple functions
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Facts & Figures
108 Institutes covering all disciplines,
distributed all over China
2 Universities
90% of mega science facilities in China
12 Botanic gardens, 26 Herbariums
38 Billions RMB in budget in 2011
22 shareholding companies
Members of CAS: 750
Total staff : 58,300
Students：47,000(38,000 graduates)
Statistics as of 2011
Highlights on CAS Strength
with only 4%
of national
R&D
workforce
CAS International Cooperation
 Always attaches great importance to int’l cooperation
 Formed various forms and kinds
 Joint projects/labs/centers/institutes/partnership groups
 CAS-Max Plank Partner Institute on Computational Biology-no legal
status
 CAS-Pasteur Inst. On Virology-legal status
 China-Australia Joint Center on Phonomics Research,
 China/US La on Software, Kavli Institute
Strategy
 Partnerships with major S&T institutions
in developed countries
 Cooperation with talent from world-over
 Selectively join in int’l mega-science programs
 Establish joint research units when mature
 Also pay attention to cooperate with less developed
countries and scientists there
Cooperation with Nordic Countries
Strategic Dialogues: Basis for the concrete cooperative projects
 CAS-Nordic Forum on Strategies for S&T Cooperation 2006 in Beijing
 CAS-Nordic Forum on Strategies for S&T Cooperation 2007 in Lund
AF-CAS Workshop on “Climate Change – Atmospheric composition;
Adaptation of ecosystem to climate change” in 2011 (3 projects selected)
Joint Call for proposals in the field of “Climate and Environment”
(6 projects selected) between the Research Council of Norway and CAS
Highlights of Cooperation with Denmark
Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research
 Partners: 8 Danish universities, the Danish Ministry of Science,
Technology and Innovation, the Graduate University of CAS and CAS;
 promoting and strengthening collaboration between Danish and
Chinese research and learning institutions, and joint training of PhD
and MSc students.
Highlights of Cooperation with Denmark
Cooperation with Novo Nordisk
 CAS-NN Research Foundation (cooperative research projects and
international conferences supported)
 CAS-NN Great Wall Professorship
 Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences-Novo Nordisk Translational
Center for PreDiabetes
CAS Award for International Scientific Cooperation in 2011
 Prof. Flemming Besenbacher (nominated by National Nanocenter)
Some Thoughts on future cooperation
CAS would like to strengthen the cooperation with the European Countries
on many priority areas, such as joint call for projects, personnel exchange,
postgraduate student training;
Establish and maintain strategic dialogue mechanism for identification of
priority areas and hot topics of common interest for addressing the global
or regional challenges;
Set up cooperative research program or project based Scientist Group,
Joint Center, or Laboratory etc.
Some Thoughts on future cooperation
Initiate interactive exchange programs for PhD students and young
scientists;
Hold multi-lateral frontiers of sciences workshops and conduct jointly
big science facility based interdisciplinary research;
Combine bottom-top and top-down two mechanisms for both sides,
to push forward the practical cooperation;
The scientists from EU countries are welcome to visit and work in CAS
through “CAS Visiting Professorship Program for Senior International
Scientists” and “Fellowship Program for Young International Scientists”.
I.
An overview of S&T and innovations in China
II. Roadmap of S&T and Innovations
III. A Brief Touch upon CAS
IV.
Analysis and conclusion
Analysis
Problems of concern
 Though made lots of achievements and has clear roadmaps,
problems remain with China’s S&T and innovation
 Much more needs to be done to make our S&T and innovation
system more effective

Basic science


High-tech


Not much Chinese contributions. A lack of
internationally recognized Chinese scientists
An over dependency on core technologies from
overseas in a wide range of areas
Industrialization

China ’s S&T contribution ratio to economic growth
<40% (2006) while US, Japan, Korea, etc. >70% (2006)

Enterprises are far from being the backbone of R&D
and innovation in spite of huge pushing
Analysis
Major Problems, Challenges and Opportunities for China
 Anything big will be small with 1.3 billion
 Anything small will be big with 1.3 billion
 Constrains: resources, environment & energy
S&T and Innovation:
the Ultimate Solution
中国
创造
Made&Created by China
Must rely on S&T and innovations to transform our mode of economic
development and to achieve sustainable development
Also Need to green our industrialization, urbanization, lifestyle and trade mode
A knowledge-based economy is a must for China
Concluding remarks
To accelerate the transformation of the mode of economic development
is the key strategic task of the whole nation for our construction of a
resource-efficient and environment-friendly society
Must rely on S&T and innovations to achieve all this as required by
China’s conditions and the world reality
A further enhanced S&T and innovation will guarantee China to take
advantages of various S&T progress for the benefits of China and the world
Concluding remarks
Innovations can only best occur with active international cooperation as
it is an effective means to utilize global S&T progress, wisdom and
innovative resources
 International cooperation is strongly complimentary to each other as
each has advantages
An enhanced partnership between both countries in S&T and innovation
will surely lead us to a brighter and forever brighter future
CAS and the World
Thank you!
Analysis
For example:
The output of Chinese knowledge
& Tech intensive industry( KTI)
remains to be low in spite of huge
R&D investment from business
China’s KTI share of the total
economic output is about
20% , but US is 40%, EU 32%
and Japan 30%
Output of KTI as a share of GDP, by
region/country: 1995 & 2010
INPUT
OUTPUT
Source: Science and Engineering Indicator 2012
Analysis
Various interactions create the condition for such a revolution
S&T Internal
Evolution
Pressure on
Resources &
Environment
Interactions of
various factors
Showing increasingly obvious signs of
revolutionary breakthroughs in major
science fields and crucial technologies
as occurred in history
Social Economic
Development
Needs
International
Financial Crisis
Major S&T
Breakthroughs&
World S&T
Revolution