Transcript Nanoscale Optics and Photonics

Nanoscale Optics and Photonics
Xiaodong Yang, October 25, 2011
• Photonic crystals
• Surface plasmons
• Metamaterials
The iridescence of Morpho butterfly
Reference pictures resources: internet
The scale of things
The electromagnetic spectrum
Electronics and photonics roadmaps
Electronic
integrated circuits
Transistor
Vacuum tube
Early electronics
Fast, low-cost, scalable and
functional integrated devices
Nanofabrication and
nanomanufacturing
techniques
Optical MEMS
Geometrical optics
Nanophotonic
integrated circuits
Photonic crystals in nature
Morpho butterfly
Peacock feather
Natural opals
λ/2
Sea Mouse hair
Photonic crystals and defects
Photonic crystal: periodically structured electromagnetic media, generally
possessing photonic band gaps. Lattice constants are comparable to the
wavelength of light in the material.
Point defect:
cavity
λ/2
Line defect:
waveguide
Photonic crystals with different dimensions
Surface Plasmons
Gothic stained glass rose window of Notre-Dame de Paris
Water surface wave
Surface Plasmons at metal-dielectric interface
εd
εm
Evanescent field
|Ez|
λSP<<λ0
• Strong light localization near the
metal-dielectric interface
• Surface Plasmons with large k
• SP wave interference
10 µm
Metamaterials: beyond natural materials
Natural materials
“atoms”
 Atomic lattice constant a ~ 5.65 Å
 Optical wavelength λ ~1μm
 Homogeneous medium
Crystal structure of sodium chloride (NaCl)
Metamaterials
“meta-atoms”
a
l
a λ
 Artificially fabricated structures
 Unit cell a << wavelength λ
 Effective-media theory can be applied
 Material properties not existing in
a  l
natural materials
Negative Index of Refraction
E  Eoei ( kzt )
k

c
 
n
 
 
k  H   E
c
   
k  E  H
c
ε < 0, µ < 0 = n < 0
Negative Index of Refraction
Snell’s Law
Photonic integrated circuits
• Photonic crystals
• Surface plasmons
• Metamaterials
Applications of nanoscale optics and photonics
Consumer electronics
Optical communications
• Semiconductor lasers
• CCD imaging
• LCD and LED displays
• Photonic crystal fibers
• Photodetectors
• Optical switches
Industrial applications
• Photolithography
• Laser manufacturing
• High-power fiber lasers
Nanoscale Optics and
Photonics
Biomedical
• Biosensors
• Fluorescence imaging
• Cancer therapy
Renewable energy
• Solar energy harvesting
• Thin-film photovoltaics
• LED lighting