Transcript Document

Oh no! Bed Bugs!
Bed Bug Basics for Social Workers
Pennsylvania Integrated Pest Management Program
www.paipm.org
Dion Lerman
Environmental Health Programs Specialist
PA Applicator #705688
[email protected]
Disclaimers
• Products, vendors, or commercial services
mentioned or pictured in the trainings or
presentations are for illustrative purposes only and
are not meant to be endorsements.
• Medical concerns must be addressed by a medical
professional.
• Do not take legal action based on this presentation;
consult a lawyer.
• TURN: Tenant Union Representative Network (215) 940-3900
Sources:
• Based on Peer-reviewed literature
(Citation Date)
• Available for download:
– Complete Bibliography
– Research Papers
– Protocols
– Educational materials
– Website resources
• Constantly updated
Philadelphia’s Bed Bugs
(Mabud et al 2014)
Bed bugs - Don’t Panic!!
• Bed bugs can be avoided and
controlled!
• Every skin irritation or bite does
is not bed bugs!
• You can see them.
• They do not cause or spread
diseases.
• Simple heat and/or steam can
kill them.
• Communication and action are
the keys to control
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The Bed bug’s Home…
• Is in homes
• Bed bugs don’t live
outdoors
• Where people sleep
• Travel by hitchhiking
• Introduction vs. Infestation
• Non-home locations are
important transfer points
Brief Social History of Bed bugs
• Evolved from Bat bugs
– Present throughout history – Egypt,
Greeks, prisons…
• One-third of Americans…
– Social problem; social solutions
– Mattress laws; public housing
• DDT & synthetic pesticides
– Resistance happens
• Return & resurgence
– Genetics
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How to ID a
Bed bug
NYC Department of
Health & Mental Hygiene,
2001
http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/bedbugs/html/basic
s/bed-bug-id.shtml
Bedbugs
• Identify properly – don’t
assume!
– Bat bugs & swallow bugs
– Cockroaches, ticks & lice, oh my!
• Life cycle
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Nymph to adult – must feed
Poppy to apple-seed size
6-12 eggs laid @ 2-3 days
Eggs resistant
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How & why Bed bugs spread
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Sex (theirs, not ours!)
Over the counter chemicals
Hitchhiking
Used mattresses & furniture
By visitors
Even by pest control
technicians, or by agency staff!
• Reports are now stable
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Community Bed Bug Response
Home
Other
Children
Work
School
Misconceptions
• You only get bed bugs
because you are “dirty”
– False: But can be affected by
clutter
• “Bed bugs only affect the
poor”
– False: They often infest poor
housing
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Misconceptions
– High infestations in transient or
overpopulated residences
– Constant flow of people in and out
– Undocumented folks reluctant to
report problems
– Up to 40% of apartments with bed
bugs contain 6 or more people
(Rollo, 2011)
Dini Miller, VT
• “Certain people” are more willing
to get & live with bed bugs” False!
First signs…
(Find out how many and where they are)
Bed bug bites on a woman’s leg. Photo from
www.bedbugger.com.
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Rows of Bites
Source: Phil Kohler, University of Florida
Why Bites are in Rows
• 54% - NO initial reaction!
• 46% - more than a week
to react
• 30% - people with bugs
show NO bites
• Seniors most likely to not
react at all
(Cooper, 2011)
Photos: Changlu Wang, Rutgers
Bites & Reaction
Photo: Louis N. Sorkin, B.C.E.
Entsult Associates, Inc.
Bites & Secondary infections
• Bites can become infected
from scratching
– Children & others: infected
sores, cellulitis, impetigo
(Goddard & deShazo 2009)
– Diabetics – unhealed ulcers
• Long term problem
• BB have not been shown
to spread diseases
Photos: Louis N. Sorkin, B.C.E.,
Entsult Associates, Inc.
Signs of Bed Bugs
Photos: Louis N. Sorkin, B.C.E.,
Entsult Associates, Inc.
Where do they live?
• Hidden places
– Cracks & crevices – 1/16”
– Folds & edges
• Mattresses & Box springs
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Near the bed
Baseboards & walls
Closets – clothes!
Radiator covers…
• Radiating out from the bed
Psychological reactions
• Tiny, blood-sucking parasites
– In their bed
– In their children’s bed!
• Sleep disturbance
– Odds Ratio: 5
– Anxiety symptoms
– Depression
– PTSD
(Susser, et al 2012)
Social reactions
• Shame
– “Blacklisting”
– Loss of belongings
Photo: Dini Miller, Virginia Tech
• Social distancing
– Reluctance to go out
– Lack of visitors
– Increases depression
• Lack of services
– Reluctance of care providers
– Extreme situations
(Comack 2010)
Self-destructive behavior
• CDC study, 2011
– 110 injuries
– 1 death
(CDC 2011)
• People want to kill bugs
– Don’t read the label
– Misuse
– Possibly ineffective
Delusionary Infestation (DI)
• Delusionary parasitosis (DP)
• People who think they are being bitten
– People who think they are infested
– Seek to exterminate non-existent pest
• Medical condition; OTC, prescription or street
drugs, dermatologic reactions…
– Harm themselves – cutting, burns…
– Only lice & scabies mites – nothing invisible!
• Webinar at StopPests.org
(Lepping & Hinkle 2013; Hinkle 2000)
Nancy C Hinkle
• Bed bugs don’t infest (live on or in)
people
Don’t use aerosols or foggers!
• Spray cans
• “Total Release Foggers”
• Doesn’t kill bed bugs
• Many bugs resistant to the
fogger chemicals
• Does not penetrate well
• Creates toxic fog
• Leaves poison residues
• You soak it up!
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“Snake Oil” Solutions
• “Natural” not necessarily safe or effective
– Desire to be “green”
– FIFRA sec. 25 (b) – EPA Exempt formulas
– EPA enforcement for unproven claims
• Efficacy study, Rutgers, 2013
– 9 “Natural” products tested
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2151-
>95-100% - effective after 10 day
60%
<50%
0%
– 2 Professional Pesticides:
• Temprid SC - 100% - after 3 days
• Demand - ineffective
(Singh, Wang & Cooper 2013)
Arizona Residents…
(Gouge 2015; 289 respondents 3 month of 2014)
Bedbugs - Control
• Early Detection is key!
• Exclusion
– Clutter elimination – bins
– Inspection
• Preparation
– Wash bedding
– Seal mattress – encasements
• NO pesticide on mattresses!
• Traps – Climb-up
– Make the bed an island!
– Monitor
– Prevention
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Not all covers protect
Where the zipper closes and the zipper teeth are vulnerable
to bed bug escape
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Photo: Changlu Wang, Rutgers
Climb-Up Interceptors
Installed…
After 2 weeks!…
Bed bug - Treatment
• Inspection
– Cracks & crevice
• Vacuum
• Heat or cold
• Pesticides by PCO only
– Dusts
– Crack & crevice treatment
– Don’t treat mattresses!
• Re-inspection &
retreatment
• Encasements &
interceptors
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Choosing a pest control company
• Ask for references from bed bug
customers
• Don’t go low-bid!
• Ask to see their license
• Pest management program should be
multidimensional
• Inspection based
• Doesn’t rely on pesticides
• Should educate the residents
• Will provide call-backs (3 min.)
Scout, NYC
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Pesticide Help
Information:
• National Pesticide Information
Center
– http://npic.orst.edu/
– 1.800.858.7378
http://npic.orst.edu/webapps.html
Emergency:
• Poison Control Centers:
– 1.800.222.1222
– 24/7, nationwide, answered
locally
Community Bed Bug Response Team
• Resident educators, trained
• Trained maintenance
people – inst. & private
• Engaged pest management
professionals
• Community sponsor &
switchboard
• Trainers & consultants - us!
Home
Other
Children
Work
School
Early detection programs
(Wang & Cooper 2011)
(Steadfast & Miller 2014: 121 unit low income, 1 yr)
Photo: Changlu Wang
• Create Bed Bug Literacy!
• Provide information to tenants & staff
• Provide encasements for mattresses
& box springs
• Use interceptors under bed legs
• Make bed an island (not touching
walls, etc.)
• Train maintenance staff in bed bug
identification and simple inspection
• Inspect periodically
• Consider using a canine periodically
Interceptors installed under bed &
chair legs
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Introduction vs. Infestation
• Bed bugs travel as pioneers & hitch-hike:
– Single bugs, often female, probably mated
– Introduction
• Must establish self & create colony:
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Find harborage
Find host & feed successfully (10 min)
Lay eggs; hatch
1st Instars find host, feed & survive
Nymphs survive to adulthood (5 instars)
Male mates with female (inc. possibly mother!)
• Colony is breeding = Infestation
Protect yourself when
Visiting Clients’Homes
• Avoid sitting on couches, beds, stuffed chairs
• If possible, bring your own folding stool
• Wear light colored clothing, shoes and socks that
can be thrown in the dryer
• Ankles, pants & shoes may be sprayed with DEET
• Take along an extra set of clothes and ziplock bag in
case you suspect infestation of clothes
• Only take necessary items into the home. If you
have a handbag, set/hang it on your stool.
Make offices unfriendly to bed bugs
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Keep clutter down (impedes detection/solutions)
Caulk cracks, crevices & paint walls a light color
Use plastic or metal client seating
Keep a plastic bin on floor next to chair or client’s
handbag, etc.
• Use bed bug barriers on feet of desks or cubicle
walls (e.g. ClimbUp Interceptors)
• Report any concerns immediately to office IPM
Coordinator!
Vigilance
• Prevention - set up bed bug prevention protocols
and stick to them
• Train everybody for signs
• Train maintenance for detection & identification
• Respond immediately
• Have a Pest Management Professional on contract
Tenant Rights
• A clean, safe place to live, in compliance with the warranty of
habitability. This includes: a structurally sound building, with
• waterproof roofs, ceilings and walls
• walls and woodwork properly painted (no peeling-off paint)
• adequate heat in winter
• hot and cold running water
• bathroom equipment and drains that work properly
• functioning stove
• doors that lock properly
• windows that work and can be locked
• apartment/house free from infestation…
• a building with smoke detectors, fire extinguishers and fire escapes, in
compliance with the local Fire Code
•
http://www.business-services.upenn.edu/offcampusservices/?p=landlord_tenant_101/rights_and_responsibilities#basic_tenants_rights
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So - who’s responsible?
• Landlords!
– More than 2 units in building (check local code!)
– Single occupancy: tenant responsible
• Implied warranty of habitability
• Illegal lease provisions cannot be enforced
– Lease still valid – you must still pay rent!
• Unwaivable rights:
– Repairs
– Pest control
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HUD Guidelines
(August 2011)
• Respond to BB w/in 24 hr
• Complete inspections w/in 3 days
– All adjacent units
– HUD funds available to PHA – no cost to tenant!
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Complete IPM Plan
Treat using multiple methods; do not rely on pesticides
Provide non-chemical follow-up to prevent reinfestations
Tenants may not be denied leases, evicted or retaliated
against because of Bed bugs
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Tenants responsibility
• Pay rent!
– Legal obligation – or face eviction!
• Remedies:
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Notify landlord in writing!
Take pictures!
Pay & Deduct
Withhold rent into escrow (not into your bank account!)
• Consult TURN!
– Tenant Union Representative Network (215) 940-3900
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Action steps
• Learn to identify bedbugs
• Put mattress encasements
on all beds and box springs
• Use interceptors under the
legs of beds and other
furniture
• Notify your landlord as
soon as you suspect bed
bugs
http://extension.psu.edu/bedbugs/about/bedbug-2.pdf/view
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The take home message . .
It takes a village to control bed bugs!
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Resources
• PA IPM Program
– www.extension.psu.edu/ipm
• US Environmental Protection Agency
– www.epa.gov/bedbugs
• IPM in Multifamily Housing
– www.StopPests.org
– http://www.stoppests.org/success-stories/research-database/
• National Center for Healthy Housing
– www.nchh.org/Training/National-Healthy-Homes-Training-Center.aspx
• Dini M. Miller, PhD, Virginia Tech
– www.vdacs.virginia.gov/pesticides/bedbugs.shtml
• Changlu Wang, PhD, Rutgers University
– njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.asp?pid=FS1098
• Northeastern IPM Center
– www.neipmc.org/
• NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
– www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/vector/vector-faq1.shtml
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Bed Bug Videos
• Bed Bug Awareness Video
– Ontario Non-Profit Housing Association
• Bed Bugs and Integrated Pest Management
– Rutgers University
• Bed Bug TV Episodes
– Bed Bug Central TV
– How to Inspect a Bed for Bed Bugs
– Bed Bug Dry Ice Trap
• National Bed Bug Summit Video Webinar Presentations
– U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Pennsylvania Integrated Pest Management Program
Penn State University/Extension
Dion Lerman, Healthy Homes Specialist
Penn State Center
675 Sansom Street
Philadelphia, PA 19106
215-264-0582
[email protected]
http://www.paipm.org
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