Transcript A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, 5e
A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC
Fifth Edition Chapter 3
Understanding the Boot Process and Command Line
You Will Learn… About the boot process and some tools for troubleshooting a failed boot To use many commands at the command prompt A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 2
Booting Up Your Computer Hard (cold) boot versus soft (warm) boot Startup BIOS is in control when boot process begins Turns control over to the OS A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 3
Steps in the Boot Process 1.
Startup BIOS runs power-on self test (POST) and assigns resources 2.
ROM BIOS startup program searches for and loads an OS 3.
OS configures the system and completes its own loading 4.
Application software is loaded and executed 4 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Boot Step 1: POST A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 5
How the BIOS Finds and Loads the OS A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 6
How the BIOS Finds and Loads the OS ( continued ) BIOS executes MBR program Turns to partition table to find OS boot record Program in OS boot record attempts to find a boot loader program for OS Ntldr (Windows NT/2000/XP) Io.sys (Windows 9x) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 7
Boot Step 2: Loading the OS A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 8
Loading the MS-DOS Core of Windows 9x Brings OS to real-mode command prompt Relevance: Real-mode DOS core often used as a troubleshooting tool 9 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Loading the MS-DOS Core of Windows 9x ( continued ) Files necessary to boot to command prompt Io.sys
Msdos.sys
Command.com
To customize 16-bit portion of load process Autoexec.bat
Config.sys
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Boot Step 3: OS Initializes Itself A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 11
Emergency Startup Disks Bootable disks with some utility programs to troubleshoot a failed hard drive Each OS provides automated method to create a rescue disk (Windows 9x) or set of disks (Windows 2000) 12 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Emergency Startup Disks ( continued ) Creating a Windows 9x startup disk Add/Remove Programs icon in Control Panel Using a Windows 9x startup disk with another OS 13 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Windows 9x Startup Disks A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 14
Using the Command Prompt Multiple ways of accessing a command prompt Launching a program using the command prompt Using commands to manage files and folders and perform utility tasks when troubleshooting a failed system 15 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
How to Access a Command Prompt in Windows Command window from Windows desktop All versions Start, Run, Command.com in Run dialog box All versions Startup disks (Windows 2000) or installation CD (Windows XP) to boot PC and load Recovery Console Windows 2000 or Windows XP 16 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
How to Access a Command Prompt in Windows ( continued ) Boot from a bootable disk Windows 9x Start, Shutdown, Restart in MS-DOS mode Windows 95/98 Ctrl + F8 while booting Windows 9x 17 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Launching a Program Using the Command Prompt ( continued ) Type filename of program file at command prompt OS Attempts to find program file by name, Copies file into RAM, and Executes program 18 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Launching a Program Using the Command Prompt ( continued ) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 19
DOS File and Directory Naming Conventions 8.3 format Up to 8 characters, separating period, and file extension of up to 3 characters (eg, filename.ext) Acceptable characters Letters a through z Numbers 0 through 9 _ ^ $ ! # % & - { } ( ) @ ‘ ` Do not use space, period, *, ? or \ Acceptable extensions: .com, .sys, .bat, .exe
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Windows File and Directory Naming Conventions Up to 255 characters Can contain spaces When DOS part of system is operating, it Truncates long filenames Assigns new 8-character names (eg, Mydocu~1.doc) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 21
Wildcards Question mark (?) Wildcard for one character Asterisk (*) Wildcard for more than one character A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 22
Commands to Manage Disks, Drives, Files, and Directories
Command
Dir
Function
Lists files and directories Rename or Ren Renames a file or folder Type Del or Erase Displays contents of text file on screen Deletes files or groups of files A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 23
Result of Dir Command A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 24
Commands to Manage Disks, Drives, Files, and Directories
Command Function
Copy Copies single file or group of files Does not alter original files Xcopy /C /S /Y /D: Same general command-source destination format as Copy Offers several more options Deltree [drive:]path Deletes directory tree beginning with specified subdirectory Use with caution!
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Commands to Manage Disks, Drives, Files, and Directories
Command
Mkdir [drive:]path or MD [drive:]path
Function
Creates a subdirectory under a directory Chdir [drive:]path or CD [drive:]path or CD..
Changes current default directory Rmdir [drive:]path or RD [drive:]path Removes a subdirectory 26 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Commands to Manage Disks, Drives, Files, and Directories
Command
Attrib Sys Drive:
Function
Displays or changes read-only, archive, system, and hidden attributes assigned to files Copies system files needed to boot to a disk or drive Chkdsk [drive:] /F /V Reports information about a disk 27 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Commands to Manage Disks, Drives, Files, and Directories
Command
Scandisk Drive: /A /N /P
Function
Scans hard drive for errors and repairs them Scanreg /Restore /Fix /Backup Restores or repairs Windows 98 registry Defrag Drive: /S Rewrites files on hard drive in contiguous clusters to improve hard drive performance 28 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Commands to Manage Disks, Drives, Files, and Directories
Command
Ver
Function
Displays version of OS in use Extract filename.cab file1.ext /D Extracts files from a cabinet file Debug Views/manipulates components of a file system on disks and drives (FAT, directories, boot records) Views contents of memory and hexadecimal addresses 29 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Commands to Manage Disks, Drives, Files, and Directories
Command Function
Edit [path][filename] Enables editing text files while working at command prompt Fdisk Partitions hard drive for first use Format Drive Unformat Formats disk or hard drive /S option makes drive bootable Attempts to reverse effects of accidental format 30 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Editing Autoexec.bat and Config.sys
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Options for Fdisk Command A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 32
Options for Format Command ( continued ) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 33
Options for Format Command ( continued ) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 34
Using Batch Files To execute group of commands using single command A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 35
Summary How a PC first boots up Parts of the boot process POST Loading the OS OS initializing itself Loading and executing an application Troubleshooting tools to use when the boot fails Essential commands used from a command prompt when troubleshooting a failed system A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 36