Transcript Slide 1
BY: Jared Flores | Zoe Garibay | Mia Iwanaga | Sabrina Martinez Jennifer Mills | Chandler Pascual |Anna Keziah Pidong Joey Sumulong | Amy Valencia | Jamil Wilkerson http://themis2.mars.asu.edu/fullimages/20040712a.jpg Research Question What causes wind streaks to be light or dark? Why is our research question interesting/important? Our research question is interesting because this feature of Mars is very unique. We have never investigated a feature like this before. This question is important because we can find out where and what wind streaks pick up, either debris or minerals. We can find out what materials Mars contains. This will eventually lead up to solving more mysteries about Mars. Also, we can find out how strong the wind is and what humans can do with it. For example, if we find out how strong the wind direction is, it will determine if humans can go to that certain location. And lastly, our research question is important because it can help us understand surface circulations on Mars. http://history.nasa.gov/SP-467/p42.jpg Hypothesis Sabrina, Amy, Anna: If we look at a lot of wind streaks we will then see that most of them are light, because there are more light colored debris than dark colored debris on Mars. Jennifer, Mia, Jared: If we look at a lot of wind streaks we will then see that most wind streaks are dark. Most are dark because, when the crater hits the surface it digs into the sand. The force of the impact digs into the sand, making it dark. Jamil, Chandler, Joey: If you have a wind streak and you expose it to certain elements for a certain period of time, for example the dirt on the ground could rub off over time, [but not limited to]. Then this would make older streaks darker, because they have been out longer and newer streaks have not had time to become darker through the dirt rubbing off etc. ttp://themis2.mars.asu.edu/fullimages/20030917a.png ttp://themis2.mars.asu.edu/fullimages/20030917a.png http://www.nasm.si.edu/etp/mars/marsimg/mars_windstr.jpg Crater or Other Fixtures Tail http://byss.arc.nasa.gov/img-pds/imagepool/mgs/ab/ab_1_015_03_prv1.png What are Wind Streaks? • Result of wind erosion and deposition • Change in Mar’s surface by taking materials in one place and leaving it behind another • Wind, wearing out Mar’s surface that contains old debris and providing it with new material • White trail of dust (the tail) coming from usually a crater or other Mars features http://barsoom.msss.com/http/ps/moc/streak.gif How do Wind Streaks form? •By the interaction of wind with its surface features, such as craters •Mostly formed by the Aeolian Process (like erosion, but is on Mars and forms around craters) -Wind picks up sediment with other small material and moves it through the wind, until it is barely touching the sides of a crater -Then, the wind picks up other adobe in the crater and moves it along to the other side of the crater •Dark Streaks: -Forms when higher winds in the atmosphere when it flows down the lee side of obstacles. -Mostly occurs after large dust storms have occurred. -Also occurs at night because the winds are at its strongest and the clearing atmosphere is very stable at night. •Light Streaks: -Forms during dust storms when the atmosphere is more stable -Mostly occurs in a zone of 30 degrees, North to 30 degrees, South http://themis2.mars.asu.edu/fullimages/20091125a What are some types of Wind Streaks? • Bright and Dark Streaks are the most common Wind Streaks • Bright Streaks -Mostly found in all surfaces -Dispositional Feature -Consists of fine, bright dust -Forms during dust storms -Usually occurs during summer in the south • Dark Streaks -Erosional Feature -Made by Brighter Streaks -Appears when no dust storm -Rare http://themis2.mars.asu.edu/zoom-20030917a F:\Documents\Science\aeolian2.html What are some examples of Wind Streaks? • Image Number: V22220010 (A themis image found in the MP2 website) -Shows darker wind streaks in a group -Tail are all facing one direction -No brighter streaks near • Orbit Number: 1695 (A THEMIS image found in the THEMIS website) -Shows brighter wind streaks in a group of fine bright dust) http://mp2.mars.asu.edu/ (Consists -Tail is facing same direction, but opposite from darker streaks -Located on the low edge of volcano, Styris Major http://themis.asu.edu/zoom-20020606a Methods Spacecraft Camera Image Type NASA’s Mars Odyssey THEMIS CAMERA Visible Images- to see details within the crater MOLA- to see context of image and depth Geologic Features Studied Geographic Regions we Focused on Wind Streaks > Light or Dark streaks Regions on Mars that we are going to focus on is the whole map. Methods Continued Sample Size 150 THEMIS images used to gather data Categories of Data to be collected and “WHY” •Image ID #: Keep track of the specific images analyzed. •Latitude/Longitude: Keep track of locations an their proximity. •Misc. data: to record any other interesting information not warranted by our necessary data categories, but, certainly important to our studies. •Crater Size: to determine if the size of the crater will affect the wind streak •Color of Streak: can determine what materials or debris are on Mars (to answer our question) •Direction of Streak: will determine the color of the wind streak Measurements Rough estimation relative to image parameter based on THEMIS cameras visible image of 18km. Data Chart THEMIS Image ID V00881003 V05487001 V05125001 V04797001 V03800003 V02451003 V07909002 V01243002 V05810009 V05484015 V12112008 V06236001 V01154003 V05598003 V05201001 Longitude (E/W) 175.46 184.42 184.06 283 211.49 230.03 175.48 175.21 202.46 243.72 235.07 183.85 195.28 222.2 152.81 Latitude (N/S) -14.67 -5.06 -5.03 -5.17 39.55 4.17 -14.57 -14.81 8.79 6.89 31.33 -6.3 0.21 -13.05 -1.98 Crater Size 2 km 9 km 1 km 4 km 4 km 4km 4km 4km 9km 1 km 9 km n/a 4 km 4 km n/a Color of Streak dark dark dark dark n/a n/a dark dark n/a white white n/a dark light/dark n/a Direction of Wind west n/a n/a west n/a n/a east/west north/west n/a east east n/a north/east east n/a Misc. Observation all streaks are by each other rampart crater,yardangs yardangs swirly layers crater landforms, channels dust devils craters huge crater terrain crater yardangs yardangs yardangs yardangs Region Southern Hemi. On Mars n/a Medussae Fossae Formation Valles Mariniers Amazonis Planitas Tharsis Montes Gusev Crater Gusev Crater n/a Pavonious Mons Olympus Mons Many Regions on Mars Nicholson Crater Daedalia Many Regions on Mars THEMIS Image ID Longitude (E/W) Latitude (N/S) V24156002 225.28198 -10.930817 V24081002 228.14809 -15.695228 V22171016 225.92314 36.851776 V10328012 215.77808 17.558004 V20124005 234.51614 32.048138 V20306002 35.203373 72.12318 V19450018 233.6171 8.874918 V19141001 173.79433 -6.968096 V19750010 219.47023 6.479533 V20051001 204.53053 -1.2067 V16455052 229.49901 7.8661187 I11789020 218.9977 -15.988066 V02326006 68.798035 1.450829 V06446025 220.96748 8.757954 V01992002 174.68826 -6.70975 V03800003 39.550827 211.49228 V02451003 230.03616 4.171564 V07909002 175.4821 -14.579002 V01243002 175.21605 -14.816523 V24568002 220.06761 -14.313774 V26418005 131.92679 -15.452253 V12112008 235.0738 31.333147 V10539011 249.05852 16.503712 V01154003 195.28212 0.215326 V05201001 152.81.311 -1.984086 V05598003 222.20683 -13.051391 V05103010 79.311035 54.47551 V012448003 17.7199 -46.3087 V02544010 68.40186 7.032455 V01380006 159.07 15.07 Crater Size 1.5 2 1&3 N/A 3.5 N/A N/A 1 2 1 0 2 1 0 1 2 N/A 1 1&3 2 1 2 1 2 Half 5 1 4 1 1.5 Color of Streak light and dark light and dark light N/A light N/A N/A Dark light and dark light light and dark light Dark light light and dark light N/A dark dark light light light dark N/A N/A light light N/A light light Direction of Streak west southwest northwest N/A west N/A N/A northwest west northeast southeast North,North,East East east northeast 9 o'clock N/A 3 o'clock 3 o'clock 9 o'clock 5 o'clock 9 o'clock 2 o'clock N/A N/A 9 o'clock 8 o'clock N/A 7 o'clock 7 o'clock Region Arsia Mons Arsia Mons Lycus Sulci and Aheron Fossae Lycus Sulci and Olympus Mons Tharsis North polar Caps (plains) Lava Places Apollinanis Patera Olympus Mons N/A Cigas Sulci Gorgi Dursum + Amazonis Mensa Syrthis Major N/A N/A Amazonis Plantia Tharsis Montes Middle of Gusev Crater Middle of Gusev Crater Arsia Mons Floor of Herchel Crater Alba Patera (SW) Olympus Mons(NE) Asceraeus Mons(NW) Floor of Herchel Crater N/A N/A N/A Floor of Kaiser Crater Meroe Patera (Within Sytris Major) Cerberus Themis Image ID/ Orbit # V25995021 34916 34816 216189 27405 33905 35178 25995 V25995021 V2156002 I11789002 V12349013 V12112008 V05598003 V06147001 V26359005 28.9 V26383052 36.71 V264004027 152.27 V26305001 153.39 V26085008 13.75 V26286007 334.77 V26167001 174.15 V26027010 226.13 V26004010 187.35 V26124007 325.69 V25980021 141.05 V23270003 223.75 V24532002 178.92 Longitude Latitude Crater Size Color of Streak Direction of Streak Region Misc. Observations 69.40919 9.378468 336.169 light gray west N/A wind streak N/A N/A N/A light gray west N/A wind streak N/A N/A N/A light gray west N/A wind streak N/A N/A N/A light gray 1 west,1 east N/A wind streak N/A N/A N/A light gray west N/A wind streak N/A N/A N/A light gray west N/A windstreak N/A N/A N/A dark gray west N/A wind streak N/A N/A N/A 1 dark,1light west N/A wind streak 69.40919 9.370468 N/A light gray west N/A wind streak 225.28918 -10.930817 N/A light gray west N/A wind streak 214.9977 -15.988066 N/A light gray north N/A wind streak 237.11504 23.183582 N/A light gray west N/A wind streak 235.0738 31.33147 N/A light gray south west N/A wind streak 222.20683 -13.051391 N/A dark gray west N/A wind streak 230.37257 -7.801914 N/A dark gray west N/A wind streak -47.95 NONE DARK GRAY WEST YARDANGS CHRYSE PLANITIA 13.61 NONE DARK GRAY N/E WIND STREAK TEMPE TERRA 23.85 4.2 KM GRAY N/W SAND DUNES ARSIA MORIS -3.83 7.2 KM BLACK NE/NW ROCKY,ROUGH CHRYSE PLANITIA -46.8 3.3 KM BLACK ALL DEEP CRATERS OLYMPUS MONS -48.56 10.3 KM LIGHT GRAY ALL CROWDED W/ BLACK DOTS, SMOOTH UTOPIA PLANITIA -6.98 8.5 KM GRAY WEST YARDANGS CERBERUS 8.2 0.4 KM GRAY SE DUST DEVIL TRACKS OLYMPUS MONS -60.12 1.1 KM BLACK/GRAY NORTH FAULTS/CRACKS CHRYSE PLANITIA -59.72 1.3 KM LIGHT GRAY SOUTH LAYERS THARSIS 1.43 2.2 KM GRAY NE LAYERS SOLIS PLANUM -12.03 5.5 KM LIGHT GRAY SOUTH FAULTS,CRATERS,CHANNELS OLYMPUS MONS -11.42 4.3 KM GRAY NORTH LAYERS,YARDANGS,DUST ISIDIS PLANITIA THEMIS Image ID Longitude (E/W) Latitude (N/S) Crater Size Color of Streak V00943001 188.51 -6.74 4.5 N/A 35775 156.827 -3.7692 9 N/A 35488 153.856 -2.6176 N/A N/A 35472 228.021 8.3097 N/A N/A 35178 68.6541 7.6435 3 Light 34916 65.2126 9.2648 2.8 Light 34898 226.415 26.9082 N/A N/A 34816 68.8324 10.5168 3.2 Light 33974 253.323 -62.7494 N/A N/A V08060012 132.48 -60.08 8.5 N/A 33501 215.012 -69.5084 3 N/A 7996 179.513 -55.7682 N/A N/A 7984 162.262 -66.5111 N/A N/A 33279 149.406 -57.7744 1.8 N/A 33198 329.914 -47.1954 N/A N/A Orbit Number Longitude Latitude Crater Size 35178 n/a n/a n/a 16760 70.15 0.14 n/a 34916 n/a n/a n/a 34918 n/a n/a n/a 34816 n/a na n/a 24155 225.28 -10.9 n/a 12346 237.115 23.18 n/a Color dark light dark grey white white dark dark grey Direction Of Streak N/A N/A N/A N/A West West N/A West N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Region N/A Zephyria Planum Zephyria Planum Olympus Mons Meroe Patera Styris Major Planum Lycus Sulci Styris Major Aonia Terra Planum Chrome Terra Sirenum Terra Cimmeria Terra Cimmeria Planum Chronium Argrye Planitia Direction of Streak west s/west west west west west s/west Region N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Misc. Observation Medse Fossae Formation Dark Slope Streaks Wind Eroded Yardangs linear dunes Wind Streak Tails Wind Streaks Dark Slope Streaks Wind Streaks Dust Devil Tracks Dust Devil Tracks + Dunes Dust Devil Tracks Dust Devil Tracks Dust Devil Tracks Dust Devil Tracks Dust Devil Tracks Misc. Observations windstreaks Craters windstreaks windstreaks Craters windstreaks windstreaks THEMIS Image Longitude (E/W) Latitude (N/S) Crater Size Color of Streak V03562003 229.74 4.5 n/a n/a V01433010 69.38 6.87 4 km light V07998013 120.24 -61.31 8 km n/a V07733006 203.93 -55.53 2 km n/a V04924007 201.18 53.8 1 km dark V01354003 209.15 -44.49 .5 km n/a V02539007 213.66 14.68 n/a n/a V02287006 284.56 37.36 1 km dark and light V01237004 342.56 -15.06 1 km n/a V01246011 63.34 10.88 5 km really bright V01054003 200.83 11.21 n/a n/a V08506017 214.62 18.65 n/a n/a V03635002 311.66 -7.89 n/a n/a V06386004 177.29 -11.94 4 km n/a V0881003 175.46 -14.67 .5 km dark T HE MIS image ID L ongitude L atitude C rater S iz e C olor of s treaks V31967001 222.16629 -6.535504 3 light and dark V31654001 226.4685 -0.834055 5 D ark V27503001 151.92351 -1.798354 N/A N/A V27488002 223.62804 -9.741061 3 L ight V27240035 150.92119 1.113392 N/A N/A V25995021 69.40919 9.378468 5 L ight V25915021 216.42201 2.728129 N/A N/A V06496024 219.37392 11.460439 16 N/A V06212002 156.08736 -5.490211 N/A N/A V07640001 14.100422 -6.299115 3 light V26903003 180.41574 -11.607173 N/A N/A V23383001 205.0125 -4.560999 N/A N/A V24477003 319.54837 -49.38547 N/A N/A I24532007 151.57048 -0.119257 N/A N/A V2435004 22.11071 -53.99004 8 N/A Direction of Streak Region n/a N/a north/east N/a n/a Terrain filled with dust devil tracks n/a Southern Highlands south/west Hills, Mounds, and Valleys n/a Terra Sirenium n/a Olympus Mons NE/Se Near Labeatis Mons n/a N/a east Syrtis Major n/a Medusae Fossae Formation n/a Lycus sulci n/a Ganges Chasma n/a N/a north west Gusev D irec ion of s treaks R egion W es t W es tern D uedalia Northeas tern P avonis Mons N/A N/A W es t D aedalia P lanum N/A N/A W es t S yrtis Major P lanum N/A Medus a F os s a F or. N/A N/A N/A Zephyris P lanum s outhwes tern S inus S abaeus N/A N/A N/A Medus a F os s a F or. N/A Argyre B as in N/A Zephyris P lanum N/A Noac his T erra Light and dark windstreaks amount of streaks 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 light color of streak Series1 dark MOLA: Dark Streaks Locations of Dark Streaks 90 60 Latitude 30 0 Series1 -30 -60 -90 0 90 180 Longitude 270 360 MOLA: Light Streaks Locations of light streaks 90 60 Latitude 30 0 Series1 -30 -60 -90 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 Longitude 210 240 270 300 330 360 MOLA: Light & Dark Streaks Location of Dark & Light Streaks90 60 Latitude 30 0 Series1 -30 -60 -90 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 Longitude 210 240 270 300 330 360 Conclusion • What did your group learn from the data you collected? Refer to your science investigation question. • What would you do differently to make your investigation better? (Think about the data collected and the way you analyzed it or the question you formulated.) • Explain what scientific question could branch off of this study to further scientific research about Mars. What did your group learn from the data you collected? Refer to your science investigation question. • There are more light colored streaks than dark streaks. > 52 out of 92 (light streaks) > 34 out of 92 (dark streaks) • Light & Dark streaks are rare > 6 out of 92 (both streaks) • Most light wind streaks occur or are found east • Most dark wind streaks occur near the 180 degrees longitude, 0 degrees latitude mark • Most light & dark wind streaks occur more east • Rarely any streaks at the edges of Mars (farther out) What would you do differently to make your investigation better? (Think about the data collected and the way you analyzed it or the question you formulated.) • Observe more images that contain more samples of wind streaks. - Had a lot of THEMIS pictures without our feature - Gathered a small amount of observations containing wind streaks. Explain what scientific question could branch off of this study to further scientific research about Mars. • Why do light wind streaks go the opposite way of dark wind streaks? > Shows the wind patterns for Mars > Can tell scientists if light or dark wind streaks can be near each other