Transcript A: haploid B: diploid
Unique to A
A: haploid B: diploid
Common to both Unique to B
1n 1 set of chromosomes Sex cells (eggs, sperm) Set of chromosomes 2n 2sets of chromosomes Contain a full set of the DNA n pairs or 2n chromosomes All other cells or autosomes
Unique to A
A: haploid B: diploid
Common to both Unique to B
Half the number Single chromosomes n = 23 1 full set Sex cells Number of chromosomes n =23 Eukaryotic cells Whole number Come in pairs 23 pairs 2n = 46 2 full sets All other cells (Autosomes)
Unique to A
A: haploid B: diploid
Common to both Unique to B
Haploid number in sex cells If the number of pairs of chromosomes is 10 All other body cells (Autosomes) n or 10 Full copy of DNA 2n Or 20 1 copy 2 copies
Unique to A
A:mitosis B: meiosis
Common to both Unique to B
In all other body cells 2n chromosomes (46 for humans) Full set of chromosomes Diploid Cell division IPMAT Copy the DNA chromosomes Only in gametes (sex cells) n chromosomes (23 for humans) Half the chromosomes Haploid
Unique to A
A: meiosis I B: meiosis II
Common to both Unique to B
Interphase before it PMAT 1 st cell division Interphase after it Cell has n chromosomes (23 in humans) 2 nd cell division Ends with 4 cells Ends with 2 cells Chromatids still together Chromatids separated
Unique to A
A: B:
Common to both Unique to B
Unique to A
A: B:
Common to both Unique to B
Ch. 8 Exam Review
True & False: What is the key information?
Think about the absolutes (always, never, numbers, names…) ____ 1.
The information needed by a cell to direct its activities and to determine its characteristics is contained in molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
____ 2.
Each human somatic cell contains two copies of each chromosome for a total of 23 homologous chromosomes.
____ 3.
Human sperm and egg cells have 23 chromosomes.
____ manner.
4.
Cell division in bacteria and eukaryotes takes place in precisely the same ____ 5.
by mitosis.
Asexual reproduction occurs ____ 6.
Cytokinesis only occurs during metaphase II.
Ch. 8 Exam Review
True & False: What is the key information?
Think about the absolutes (always, never, numbers, names…) _True_ 1.
The information needed by a cell to direct its activities and to determine its characteristics is contained in molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
_False 2.
Each human somatic cell contains two copies of each chromosome for a total of 23 homologous chromosomes.
_True 3.
Human sperm and egg cells have 23 chromosomes.
_False_ 4.
eukaryotes takes place in precisely the same manner.
Cell division in bacteria and _True 5.
by mitosis.
Asexual reproduction occurs _False 6.
Cytokinesis only occurs during metaphase II.
Ch. 8 Exam Review
How would DNA fit?
____ 7.
In order to fit within a cell, DNA becomes more compact by a.
breaking apart into separate genes.
b.
extending to form very long, thin molecules.
c.
wrapping tightly around associated proteins.
d.
being enzymatically changed into a protein.
Ch. 8 Exam Review
How would DNA fit?
_C__ 7.
In order to fit within a cell, DNA becomes more compact by a.
breaking apart into separate genes.
b.
extending to form very long, thin molecules.
c.
wrapping tightly around associated proteins.
d.
being enzymatically changed into a protein.
____ 8.
Chromatids are
Ch. 8 Exam Review
What word does it look like?
a.
dense patches within the nucleus.
b.
d.
bacterial chromosomes.
c.
joined strands of duplicated genetic material.
prokaryotic nuclei.
__C_ 8.
Chromatids are
Ch. 8 Exam Review
What word does it look like?
Like tidbits of chromosomes.
a.
dense patches within the nucleus.
b.
d.
bacterial chromosomes.
c.
joined strands of duplicated genetic material.
prokaryotic nuclei.
Ch. 8 Exam Review
Key words: ____ 9.
The diploid number of chromosomes in a human skin cell is 46. The number of chromosomes found in a human ovum (egg) is a.
46.
c.
23.
b.
92.
d.
12.5.
____ 10.
How many chromosomes are in the body cells of an organism that has a haploid number of 8?
a.
b.
4 8 c.
d.
12 16
Ch. 8 Exam Review
Key words: Diploid Haploid numbers _C_ 9.
The diploid number of chromosomes in a human skin cell is 46. The number of chromosomes found in a human ovum (egg) is a.
46.
c.
23.
b.
92.
d.
12.5.
_D__ 10.
How many chromosomes are in the body cells of an organism that has a haploid number of 8?
a.
b.
4 8 c.
d.
12 16
___ 11. Binary fission
Ch. 8 Exam Review
Binary = Fission = a.
occurs when two cells collide with each other.
b.
c.
produces excess energy.
creates new species.
d.
is the process by which bacteria reproduce.
_D__ 11. Binary fission
Ch. 8 Exam Review
Binary = two Fission = split a.
occurs when two cells collide with each other.
b.
c.
produces excess energy.
creates new species.
d.
is the process by which bacteria reproduce.
Ch. 8 Exam Review
12. Do you know what this question means?
____ 12.metaphase : prophase :: a. photon : light particle b. G2 : S c. thylakoid : grana d. carbon fixation process : Calvin cycle 13. Key words: ____ 13.
called The phase of mitosis that is characterized by the arrangement of all chromosomes along the equator of the cell is a. telophase.
c.anaphase.
b. metaphase. d. prophase.
Ch. 8 Exam Review
12. Do you know what this question means?
Meta is to pro, as G2 is to S _B__ 12.metaphase : prophase :: a. photon : light particle b. G2 : S c. thylakoid : grana d. carbon fixation process : Calvin cycle 13. Key words: equator _B__ 13.
called The phase of mitosis that is characterized by the arrangement of all chromosomes along the equator of the cell is a. telophase.
c.anaphase.
b. metaphase. d. prophase.
Ch. 8 Exam Review
____ 14. Refer to the illustration above. The cell in diagram “1” is in a. metaphase.
b. telophase.
c. anaphase.
d. prophase.
____ 15. Refer to the illustration above. The cell shown in diagram “5” is in a. metaphase.
b. telophase.
c. anaphase.
d. prophase.
Ch. 8 Exam Review
_C_ 14. Refer to the illustration above. The cell in diagram “1” is in a. metaphase.
b. telophase.
c. anaphase.
d. prophase.
_B__ 15. Refer to the illustration above. The cell shown in diagram “5” is in a. metaphase.
b. telophase.
c. anaphase.
d. prophase.
Ch. 8 Exam Review
Key words: ____ 16. A typical human cell contains 46 chromosomes. After mitosis and cell division, each of the two new cells formed from the original cell a. gets 23 chromosomes.
b. grows new chromosomes from existing DNA.
c. gets a complete set of 46 chromosomes.
d. None of the above
Ch. 8 Exam Review
Key words: 46 mitosis _C__ 16. A typical human cell contains 46 chromosomes. After mitosis and cell division, each of the two new cells formed from the original cell a. gets 23 chromosomes.
b. grows new chromosomes from existing DNA.
c. gets a complete set of 46 chromosomes.
d. None of the above
Ch. 8 Exam Review
____ 17.
Refer to the illustration above. Which of the following correctly indicates the order in which these events occur?
a. “A,” “B,” “C,” “D” b. “C,” “B,” “A,” “D” c. “B,” “A,” “C,” “D” d. “A,” “C,” “B,” “D” ____ 18.
Refer to the illustration above. During which stage do the centromeres divide?
a.
“A” c.
“C” b.
“B” d.
“D”
Ch. 8 Exam Review
__B_ 17.
Refer to the illustration above. Which of the following correctly indicates the order in which these events occur?
a. “A,” “B,” “C,” “D” b. “C,” “B,” “A,” “D” c. “B,” “A,” “C,” “D” d. “A,” “C,” “B,” “D” _A__ 18.
Refer to the illustration above. During which stage do the centromeres divide?
a.
“A” c.
“C” b.
“B” d.
“D”
Ch. 8 Exam Review
Cyto = Kine = ____ 19. In plant cells, cytokinesis occurs when a. the chromosomes make exact copies of themselves.
b. spindle fibers are formed.
c. a new cell wall forms.
d. osmotic pressure is too low.
Ch. 8 Exam Review
Cyto = cell Kine = moving _C__ 19. In plant cells, cytokinesis occurs when a. the chromosomes make exact copies of themselves.
b. spindle fibers are formed.
c. a new cell wall forms.
d. osmotic pressure is too low.
Ch. 8 Exam Review
____ 20. Refer to the illustration above. Which of the cells will be a diploid cell at the completion of division?
a.
b.
“A” c.
“B” d.
Both Neither ____ 21. Refer to the illustration above. Which of these cells is in the process of dividing to form gametes?
a.
b.
“A” c.
“B” d.
Both Neither
Ch. 8 Exam Review
_A_ 20. Refer to the illustration above. Which of the cells will be a diploid cell at the completion of division?
a.
b.
“A” c.
“B” d.
Both Neither _B__ 21. Refer to the illustration above. Which of these cells is in the process of dividing to form gametes?
a.
b.
“A” c.
“B” d.
Both Neither
Ch. 8 Exam Review
____ 22. When crossing over takes place, chromosomes a. mutate in the first division.
b. produce new genes.
c. decrease in number.
d. exchange corresponding segments of DNA.
Ch. 8 Exam Review
_D__ 22. When crossing over takes place, chromosomes a. mutate in the first division.
b. produce new genes.
c. decrease in number.
d. exchange corresponding segments of DNA.
Ch. 8 Exam Review
____ 23. The exchange of segments of DNA between the members of a pair of chromosomes a.
ensures that variation within a species never occurs.
b.
acts as a source of variation within a species.
c.
always produces genetic disorders.
d.
is called crossing.
Ch. 8 Exam Review
_B__ 23. The exchange of segments of DNA between the members of a pair of chromosomes a.
ensures that variation within a species never occurs.
b.
acts as a source of variation within a species.
c.
always produces genetic disorders.
d.
is called crossing.
Ch. 8 Exam Review
24.
Following replication of its DNA, each chromosome contains two ____________________, which are attached to each other by a centromere.
25.
Chromosomes that are not involved in sex determination are called ____________________.
26.
A picture of a cell’s chromosomes is called a ____________________.
27.
Collectively, the time spent in G1 + S + G2 is called ____________________.
28.
The process called ____________________ guarantees that the number of chromosomes in gametes is half the number of chromosomes in body cells.
29.
The cells resulting from meiosis in either males or females are called ____________________.
Ch. 8 Exam Review
24.
Following replication of its DNA, each chromosome contains two __CHROMATIDS____, which are attached to each other by a centromere.
25.
Chromosomes that are not involved in sex determination are called __AUTOSOMES_____.
26.
A picture of a cell’s chromosomes is called a ____KARYOTYPE_.
27.
Collectively, the time spent in G1 + S + G2 is called ___INTERPHASE____.
28.
cells.
The process called ___MEIOSIS___ guarantees that the number of chromosomes in gametes is half the number of chromosomes in body 29.
The cells resulting from meiosis in either males or females are called _____GAMETES____.
Ch. 8 Exam Review
30.Briefly describe the five stages of the cell cycle.
I P M A T
Ch. 8 Exam Review
30.Briefly describe the five stages of the cell cycle.
I = cell growth, time between mitosis, G1 >>S>>G2 P = chromosomes thicken, 1 st step in mitosis/meiosis M = chromosomes line up along equator A = chromosomes sweep apart T = 2 cells begin to form
Ch. 8 Exam Review