Transcript Slide 1

Pharmaceutics (I)
Prelab III
Presented by
Abdurrahman Fahmy
Cough syrup
Rx
Codeine phosphate
Cpd Tartarazine solution
Benzoic acid solution
Water
Lemon syrup
Syrup to
Send
Fiat: Cough Syrup
Sig: Ʒi t.d.s.p.c.
X 0.5
0.3 g 0.15 g
Cough Suppressant
0.5 ml
1 ml
Coloring agent
1 ml
Preservative
2 ml
2 ml
1 ml
Solvent for drug
10 ml Sweetening and flavoring agent
20 ml
100 ml 50ml
Vehicle
50 ml
Calculation:
Factor = 50/100 = 0.5
Vehicle = 50 – (10+1+1+0.5) =37.5 ml
¾ vehicle = ¾ X 37.5 = 28.125 ml =
Use: Cough Syrup for treatment of
dry cough
28 ml
1 ml water
0.5 ml
Compound
tartarazine
solution
1 ml benzoic
acid solution
Cup measure
0.000 g
Cup measure
0.15 g Glass-rod
codeine
phosphat
e
Cup measure
10 ml lemon
syrup
Cup measure
Adjust
volume to
50 ml with
syrup
Fiat: Cough Syrup
Sig: Ʒi t.d.s.p.c.
The Cough Syrup
Label
One teaspoonful to
be taken three times
daily after meals.
Aspirin solution for pediatrics
 Can not swallow tablets
 Unstable
 Need small doses
 Expires within days
(ester hydrolysis).
Aspirin
℞
Acetyl salicylic a gr.x
Potassium citrate gr. xxx
water
ad
℥j
Fiat : Mist Mitte : ℥iij
Sig. : ʒi Ter in die sumenda.
X3
10x0.065 = 0.65 g
1.95 g
30x0.065 = 1.95 g
5.85 g
30ml
Uses: analgesic, antirheumatic and
antipyretic
Factor = 90 / 30 = 3
90 ml
Role of Potassium Citrate:
• Acetyl Salicylic acid is sparingly soluble in water, its solubility
will increase in solutions of acetate or citrate of sodium or
potassium. ( Salting In through buffer action )
• Potassium citrate is strongly ionized & citrate ions yielded
combine with hydrogen ions of the acid forming citric acid
Procedure:
Add aspirin & finely
powder with pestle
Add potassium citrate and stir with
pestle until complete solution of
acetyl salicylic acid (5mins)
Add 30 ml water &
triturate till saturation
(5mins)
Transfer to cup measure
& adjust to final volume
with water.
(Hazy solution)
Label:
The Mixture
One teaspoonful to
be taken three times
daily.
Camphor Water
℞
Camphor
0.1 gm
Alcohol
1.5 ml
Purified water to 100 ml
Caution
!
Uses: carminative internally & antiseptic &
anaesthetic in eye lotion
Also it is usually used as a Medicated vehicle
N.B.
• Camphor is soluble only 1 in 700 of water, Camphor is very
soluble in alcohol.
• The addition of the alcoholic solution to water yield a finelydivided precipitate of camphor, which in this condition, passes
into solution more quickly then camphor simply powdered.
Procedure:
Dissolve the camphor in
alcohol (1.5 ml)
Add alcoholic solution of camphor in
small portions to water each addition
followed by vigrous shaking
Water (98.5 ml)
Label:
The Camphor Water
[ E.P.]
Common
System
“commercial uses”
Pound “Ib.”
Ounce “oz.”
Grain “gr.”
1
16
1
7000
437.5
“ compounding prescriptions”
Gallon
“gal.”
Quart
“qt.”
Pint
“pt.”
Fluidounce
“f℥”
Fluidrachm
“f ʒ”
Minim
“m.”
1
4
8
128
1024
61440
1
2
32
256
15360
1
16
128
7680
1
8
480
1
60
Pound “Ib.”
Ounce “℥”
Drachm “ʒ”
Scruple “э”
Grain “gr.”
1
12
96
288
5760
1
8
24
480
1
3
60
1
20
Set of Apothecaries weight:
960
480
240
120
℥ ii
℥i
℥ ss
ʒ ii
60
30
40
20
ʒi
ʒ ss
℈ ii
℈i
10
℈ ss
5 gr.
4 gr.
3 gr.
2 gr.
1 gr.
1/2
gr.
Simple quantity:
181 cm
Compound quantity:
1 m,81 cm
Before a compound quantity can be used in a
calculation, it must be simplified to be
expressed in terms of a single denomination.
Q. Reduce ℥ss ʒii ℈i to grains.
℥ss = 1/2 x 480 gr. = 240 gr.
 ℨii = 2 x 60 gr.
= 120 gr.
℈i = 1 x 20 gr.
= 20 gr.
380 gr.,
Q.
Change 165 grains to weighable
Apothecaries unit.
120
30
10
5
ʒii, ʒss, эss, 5 gr.
N.B. “The only common denomination Between
both systems is the Grain , the others, even if
have the same name but have quite different
values.
Therefore, To convert between the 2 systems,
we’ve to convert it first to the grain, & then back
to the other system .
Convert ℥ ii, ʒii into avoir du
pois denomination:
℥ ii = 2*480=960 gr.
ʒii = 2*60=120 gr.
Total= 960+120=1080gr.
1 oz.= 437.5 gr
1080/437.5= 2.4685 oz
(2*437.5 = 875)
1080-875 = 205 gr.
Therefore, 2 oz.,205 gr.