Transcript CHAPTER 7 : Response to Crisis: Absolutism.3

CHAPTER 7 : Response to Crisis: Absolutism
8. France Under Louis XIV:
A. Louis XIV: best example of absolutism in the 17th
century; all other European monarchs tried to imitate his court
B. Richelieu and Mazarin:
- Louis XIII and Louis XIV both come to the throne at young
ages, therefore the monarch was kept in tact by their ministers,
Richelieu and Mazarin.
- Richelieu (Louis XIII minister): strengthened the power of
the monarch, took Huguenots political and military rights because they
were seen as a threat; had spies to uncover plots by nobles and then
executed them
- Mazarin (Louis XIV minister): crushed a revolt led by the
nobility; result the people realized French stability lay in a strong
monarch.
LOUIS XIV
RICHELIEU
MAZARIN
C. Louis XIV Comes to Power:
- Marzin dies; Louis XIV takes over
supreme power; becomes known as the
Sun King – the light of his people
.
Government and Religion:
- Palace Louis had built was at Versailles. It served 3
purposes: 1. personal household to the king 2. chief offices
of the state are located their and 3. subjects came to find
favors for themselves
- Louis removed his biggest threat, the nobles and royal
princes, by keeping them out of politics and keeping them
busy with court life: Louis did not share his authority with
anyone
- Louis was anti-Protestant; revokes the Edict of Nantes; he
ordered all Huguenot churches to be destroyed and all their
schools to be closed; Result: 200,000 Huguenots fled to
England, the United Provinces, and the German states
VERSAILLES
EDICT OF NANTES
E. The Economy and War:
- Jean-Baptiste Colbert: Louis’ finance minister;
followed ideas of mercantilism; granted subsidies to new
industries; built roads and canals; raised tariffs on
foreign goods – allowed Louis to build palace, to
maintain his court, and to fight wars
- War: Had a 400,000 man standing army; other
European nations had to form coalitions to prevent him
from dominating
F. Legacy of Louis XIV:
- left France with great debt and surrounded by
enemies
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
A. After the Thirty Years Wars, Prussia and Austria
emerged as great European Powers
Prussia: Fredrick William the Great Elector laid the
foundation for Prussia.
- Prussia was a small territory; no natural barriers
for defense, therefore he built the fourth largest
standing army in Europe.
To maintain the army and his own power, Fredrick
William set up the General War Commissariat; it
levied taxes for the growth of the army and state
Eventually Frederick William and his son are given the
title of king.
Fredrick William the
Great Elector of Prussia
Austria: The Hapsburgs had lost the Holy
Roman Empire at the end of the Thirty Years
War, therefore they began building their
Austrian Empire in east and southeast
Europe.
The Austrian monarch never became
centalized or absolute because the state was
composed of many national groups; each
area had its own laws and political life;
Nothing tied the regions together except
their ideal of service to the Hapsburgs
Russia Under Peter the Great
A. 16th Century, Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) was
first Russian ruler to take the title of czar; he
expanded territories and
crushed the boyars
When Ivan died, a period of anarchy known as the
Time of Troubles followed; ended when the
national assembly chose Michael Romanov as
the new czar; the Romanovs rule Russia over
300 years
Peter the Great: absolute monarch; claimed divine
right; responsible for modernizing Russia; visited
Europe brings technology back to Russia
PETER THE GREAT
Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible)
Romanov
D. Military Changes:
- Peter reorganized army; drafted peasants for 25
years of European officers
Cultural Changes:
- Peter prepared the first book of Russian etiquette; made
nobles shave their beards unless they pay
a tax to keep it; forces Russians to start dressing like
Westerners; held gatherings and force men and women
to dance and talk.
St. Petersburg:
Peter needed a port with accesses to Europe; therefore he
fights Sweden for territory on the Baltic Sea and win.
Began construction of St. Petersburg on the Baltic Sea
in Western style; hired European architects to design;
remains the Russian capital until 1918.
Baltic Sea
Section 4: The World of European
Culture
11. Mannerism:
- began in 1520s – 1530s, as the Renaissance came
to an end
- artistic movement that broke down the principles of
balance, harmony, and moderation
- rules of proportion were ignored; elongated figures
- El Greco: mood he depicts in his paintings reflects
the religious upheavals of the Reformation
El Greco
The Baroque Period
. - replaced mannerism
- artistic style characterized by complex
forms, bold ornamentation, and contrasting
elements; meant to arouse some emotion
- Gian Lorenzo Bernini: architect and
sculptor; completed Saint Peter’s Basilica;
Throne of Saint Peter
Gian Lorenzo Bernini & Throne of
Saint Peter
Baroque Art
. A Golden Age of Literature:
A. England’s Shakespeare:
- William Shakespeare: playwright and actor in the
theatre company, Lord Chamberlain’s Men; wrote 37
plays
- coined more than 1700 words in the English
language
B. Spanish Literature:
- Lope de Vega: playwright; wrote @ 1,500 plays
- Miguel de Cervantes: wrote novel Don Quixote
William Shakespeare
1700 words in the English
language
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BEDROOM
LONELY
LOVE SICK
SNEAKY
GLOOMY
SECRET
JEALOUS
PLAYS
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ROMEO AND JULIET
MIDSUMMER NIGHTS DREAM
RICHARD III
OTHELLO
MACBETH
HAMLETT
Lope de Vega
Miguel de Cervantes
. Political Thought
A. Thomas Hobbes:
- wrote Leviathan
- thought people were naturally greedy
and selfish
- only a powerful
government can create a
peaceful, orderly
society
John Locke:
- wrote Two Treatises of Government
- thought people were basically good, reasonable and
moral
- thought people had natural rights; government should
protect natural rights
government should be limited in power and accepted by all
citizens if government does not protect
natural rights, then people have the
right to overthrow it; a right to revolution