Transcript Chapter 15 Road to Civil War - Deer Park Elementary School

Chapter 15 Road to Civil War
1820-1861
I. Slavery and the West
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A. The Missouri
Compromise, 1820
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B. New Western Lands
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Missouri: slave
Maine: free
No slavery north of the
36°30’ line
Texas, California, New
Mexico brought the
slavery issue back
1. Conflicting Views
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Wilmot Proviso
Calhoun said no one
could ban slavery
B. New Western Lands
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2. The Free-Soil Party
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1848 Election, slavery an
issue
Whigs: Zachary Taylor
Dem.: Lewis Cass
Free-Soil: Martin Van
Buren
3. California
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Applied for statehood in
1849
Banned slavery
Doesn’t fit the Missouri
Compromise
Would upset the balance
of power in Congress
C. A New Compromise
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1. Compromise of 1850
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Henry Clay and Stephen
Douglas got it passed in
five bills
a. California a free state
b. Slavery ok in N.M.
c. Border dispute of
Texas and N.M. settled
d. Slave trade banned in
D.C.
e. Stronger fugitive slave
act
Millard Fillmore (Taylor
died in 1850) called it a
“final settlement”
II. A Nation Dividing
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A. The Fugitive Slave Act
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All citizens had to help catch
runaway slaves
Stepped up efforts to catch
slaves
Often free blacks were
caught
Built resentment in the north
1. Resistance to the Law
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Underground RR
Helped buy freedom
Juries refused to convict
those who broke the law
1852: Uncle Tom’s Cabin
published by Harriet Beecher
Stowe
 Sold 300,000 copies the
1st year
 Showed the evils of
slavery to the north
B. The Kansas-Nebraska Act

Franklin Pierce
elected in 1852

Supported F.S.A.
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Stephen Douglas of
IL, wanted the
transcontinental RR
through his state
 Proposed the bill for
popular sovereignty
to organize KS & NE
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People chose if they
wanted slavery
Abandoned the MO
compromise
Passed in 1854
C. Conflict in Kansas
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Proslavery and
antislavery groups
rushed to Kansas to
vote
Only 1,500 voters, but
6,000 votes cast
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Proslavery won
Antislavery accused
them of fraud
Border ruffians from
Missouri were armed
By 1856, two
governments in Kansas,
both armed
C. Conflict in Kansas cont.
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1. Bleeding Kansas
 May 1856, proslavery
attacked Lawrence
Kansas
 John Brown believed god
chose him to end slavery
 He and his sons hacked
five men to death with
swords at Pottawatomie
Creek
 More violence broke out:
“bleeding Kansas”
2. Violence in Congress
 Charles Sumner attacked
Andrew Butler in a
speech
 Preston Brooks beat him
down with a cane
III. Challenges to Slavery
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A. A New Political Party
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1854 antislavery Whigs
and Democrats formed
the Republican Party
Stop the expansion of
slavery
1. Election of 1856
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Rep.: John C. Fremont
Dem.: James Buchanan
Know-Nothings: Fillmore
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Buchanan won
B. The Dred Scott Decision
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Two days after Buchanan
was inaugurated
Dred Scott a slave, moved
around the country with his
owner
 Lived in free states
 His master died, he sued
for freedom
1. The Court’s Decision
 Chief Justice Roger
Taney stated he’s still a
slave, can’t even sue
 5th Amendment: can’t
deprive property
 No laws can take property
away
2. Lincoln and Douglas
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Senate election in Illinois
in 1858
 Douglas a probable
presidential candidate in
1860
 Lincoln was unknown
 Douglas: short, stocky,
and powerful
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Popular sovereignty
Lincoln tall, lanky, ugly,
and had a high voice
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Wanted to stop the
spread of slavery
3. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
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Seven debates in 1858
Main topic: slavery
The whole country followed
these in the papers
Douglas: Freeport Doctrine
 Exclude slavery by not
passing laws to protect it
Lincoln: "'A house divided
against itself cannot
stand.'(Mark 3:25) I believe
this government cannot
endure permanently half
slave and half free.”
Douglas won the election, but
Lincoln became a national
figure
4. The Raid on Harper’s Ferry
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Oct. 1859, John Brown
and 18 men seized an
arsenal in VA
Hoped for a slave revolt
Captured, tried,
convicted, and hanged
North: a hero and a
martyr
South: truly believed
there was a northern
conspiracy to destroy
their way of life
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Cannot believe the
north praised him
IV. Secession and War
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A. Election of 1860
 Democrats split
 Northern Dem.: Douglas
 Southern Dem.: John C.
Breckinridge
 Constitutional Union
Party: John Bell
 Rep.: Lincoln
 Lincoln won a clear
majority even though he
wasn’t on many southern
ballots
 More populous north
outvoted the south
 The South thought
Lincoln would destroy
their way of life
B. The South Secedes
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Lincoln promised to leave
slavery alone in the south
South Carolina secedes on
Dec. 20, 1860
1. Attempts at compromise
 John Crittenden tried, too
late
2. The Confederacy
 By Feb. 1861, seven
states seceded
 Formed the Confederate
States of America
 Jefferson Davis elected
president
 Left for state’s rights
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Constitution was a
contract
Govt. violated it so they
left
B. The South Secedes cont.
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3. Reactions to Secession
 Lee, “ I see only that a
fearful calamity is upon
us.”
4. Presidential Responses
 James Buchanan did little
 Lincoln didn’t take over
until March 1861
 “We are not enemies, but
friends. We must not be
enemies. Though passion
may have strained, it must
not break our bonds of
affection.:
C. Fort Sumter
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Confederates seized some
U.S. forts
Surrounded Ft. Sumter in
S.C.
 Low on supplies
 Lincoln didn’t want to
provoke an attack
1. The War Begins
 Lincoln announced he
would give supplies
 April 12, 1861: The South
attacks for 33 hours until
they surrendered
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No casualties
Lincoln called for 75,000
troops
VA, NC, TN, and AR
immediately join the CSA
Chapter 15: Road to Civil War Questions
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5.
What were the five points of the Compromise of 1850? Why did they
have to create it and how did it differ from the Missouri Compromise?
Was it the “final solution”? Why or why not?
How did the Fugitive Slave Act and Uncle Tom’s Cabin change public
opinion in the North? Why were they so significant in the North’s views
on Slavery?
What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act? How did it lead to violence and
further split the nation?
Why was John Brown so important in dividing the country? What did he
do and what was the reaction of the North? How did the Republican
Party fit in to increase southern fears?
What did the Dred Scott decision say? What were the ramifications for
the issue of slavery in the entire country?
6. Why did the Election of 1860 force southern states to secede? What did
the South do in response and how did the Civil War formally begin? In
your group’s opinion, did Lincoln do the right thing when dealing with
Fort Sumter? Why or why not?