Transcript Child Health - National Bureau of Statistics

Nutrition
2010 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey
• Infant and Young Child
Feeding
• Micronutrient Intake
• Nutritional Status of
Children
• Nutritional Status of
Women
• Prevalence of Anaemia
• Household
Consumption of Iodated
Salt
© 2007 Kate Barker, Courtesy of Photoshare
Infant and Young Child Feeding
Breastfeeding Practices
• Provides a newborn with colostrum, a key
supplement for the infant’s immune system.
• 49% of newborns are breastfed within the first
hour of life, and 94% within the first day.
• 31% of newborns given food or liquid other than
breastmilk (prelacteal feed), although this is not
recommended.
• 97% of infants are ever breastfed.
Infant and Young Child Feeding
Exclusive Breastfeeding
• Children who receive only breast milk and no other
foods or liquids, even water, are considered
exclusively breastfed.
• Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first
6 months of life, since breast milk contains all the
nutrients that a baby needs.
• Antibodies in breast milk provide immunity to
disease.
Infant and Young Child Feeding
Exclusive Breastfeeding by Age
Percent of children
exclusively breastfed
Age in months
Infant and Young Child Feeding
Duration of Breastfeeding
Median duration of breastfeeding in
months among children born in the last
3 years
Infant and Young Child Feeding
How does Tanzania Compare?
Median duration of any breastfeeding in months
Infant and Young Child Feeding
Breastfeeding Status Under 6 Months
Infant and Young Child Feeding
• The Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices
(IYCF) recommended by WHO:
– Breastfed children over 6 months should also receive 3
or more food groups, at least twice a day, for infants 6-8
months and at least 3 times a day for breastfed children
9-23 months.
– Non-breastfed children should receive milk or milk
products, in addition to 4 or more food groups, 4 times a
day or more.
Infant and Young Child Feeding
Complementary Foods
• Introduction of complementary foods before age 6
months is discouraged.
• After 6 months, complementary foods should be
introduced.
• 37% of children under 6 months are already
consuming solid or mushy food.
• 93% of children age 6-9 months consume solid or
mushy food.
• Infant and Young Child
Feeding
• Micronutrient Intake
• Nutritional Status of
Children
• Nutritional Status of
Women
• Prevalence of Anaemia
• Household
Consumption of Iodated
Salt
© 2007 Kate Barker, Courtesy of Photoshare
Vitamin A and Iron Intake among Children
Among youngest child age 6-35
months living with his/her mother
Among children age
6-59 months
Vitamin A and Iron Intake among Mothers
Among women with children under
age 3 living with them
Among women with children under age 5
• Infant and Young Child
Feeding
• Micronutrient Intake
• Nutritional Status of
Children
• Nutritional Status of
Women
• Prevalence of Anaemia
• Household
Consumption of Iodated
Salt
© 2007 Kate Barker, Courtesy of Photoshare
Nutritional Status of Children
42
5
16
Percent of children under 5
*Based on the new WHO Child Growth Standards
Children’s Stunting by Region
Kagera
44%
Tanzania
42%
Mara
31%
Mwanza
39%
Kigoma
48%
Shinyanga
43%
Kilimanjaro
28%
Arusha
44%
Manyara
46%
Tabora
33%
Singida
39%
Tanga
49%
Pemba North
39%
Pemba South
31%
Dodoma
56%
Rukwa
50%
Mbeya
50%
Iringa
52%
Morogoro
44%
Pwani
32%
Lindi
54%
Percent of children under 5
stunted (too short for age)
Ruvuma
46%
Mtwara
44%
Unguja North
41%
Unguja South
29%
Town West
20%
Dar es
Salaam
19%
• Infant and Young Child
Feeding
• Micronutrient Intake
• Nutritional Status of
Children
• Nutritional Status of
Women
• Prevalence of Anaemia
• Household Consumption
of Iodated Salt
© 2007 Kate Barker, Courtesy of Photoshare
Nutritional Status of Women
Percent of women 15-49 by
nutritional status
Women’s Nutritional Status by Region
Kagera
11%
Tanzania
22%
Mara
11%
Mwanza
19%
Kigoma
13%
Shinyanga
14%
Kilimanjaro
35%
Arusha
23%
Manyara
13%
Tabora
19%
Singida
13%
Tanga
25%
Pemba North
18%
Pemba South
24%
Dodoma
10%
Rukwa
16%
Mbeya
30%
Iringa
22%
Morogoro
29%
Pwani
28%
Lindi
10%
Percent of women age 15-49
who are overweight or obese
Ruvuma
17%
Mtwara
11%
Unguja North
24%
Unguja South
38%
Town West
39%
Dar es
Salaam
45%
• Infant and Young Child
Feeding
• Micronutrient Intake
• Nutritional Status of
Children
• Nutritional Status of
Women
• Prevalence of Anaemia
• Household Consumption
of Iodated Salt
© 2007 Kate Barker, Courtesy of Photoshare
Anaemia Testing
All children age 6-59 months and women age 15-49 were
eligible for anaemia testing.
Eligible women and parents/guardians of eligible children
completed informed consent process.
HemoCue analyzer was used to check haemoglobin levels.
Women with severe anaemia and the parents/guardians of
children who had anaemia requiring treatment were given
a written referral to a health facility for treatment.
Anaemia in Children
Percentage of children age 6-59 classified as having anaemia
Anaemia in Children by Region
Kagera
49%
Tanzania
59%
Mara
47%
Mwanza
63%
Kigoma
62%
Shinyanga
75%
Kilimanjaro
42%
Arusha
63%
Manyara
52%
Tabora
69%
Singida
44%
Tanga
53%
Pemba North
70%
Pemba South
69%
Dodoma
48%
Rukwa
42%
Mbeya
55%
Iringa
46%
Morogoro
59%
Pwani
71%
Lindi
77%
Percent of children age 6-59
months with any anaemia
Ruvuma
59%
Mtwara
67%
Unguja North
78%
Unguja South
59%
Town West
65%
Dar es
Salaam
69%
Trends in Anaemia in Children
Percentage of children age 6-59 classified as having anaemia
Anaemia in Women
Percentage of women age 15-49 classified as having anaemia
Anaemia in Women by Region
Kagera
29%
Tanzania
40%
Mara
36%
Mwanza
52%
Kigoma
35%
Shinyanga
54%
Kilimanjaro
18%
Arusha
33%
Manyara
27%
Tabora
55%
Singida
29%
Tanga
35%
Pemba North
64%
Pemba South
59%
Dodoma
29%
Rukwa
22%
Mbeya
32%
Iringa
28%
Morogoro
45%
Pwani
51%
Lindi
56%
Percentage of women age
15-49 classified as having
any anaemia
Ruvuma
33%
Mtwara
39%
Unguja North
62%
Unguja South
47%
Town West
58%
Dar es
Salaam
56%
Trends in Anaemia in Women
Percentage of women age 15-49 classified as having anaemia
• Infant and Young Child
Feeding
• Micronutrient Intake
• Nutritional Status of
Children
• Nutritional Status of
Women
• Prevalence of Anaemia
• Household Consumption
of Iodated Salt
© 2007 Kate Barker, Courtesy of Photoshare
Household Consumption of Iodated
Salt
Among households with tested salt, percent distribution by iodine content of salt
Key Findings
• Children are breastfed for a median of 20.9 months
– However, children are exclusively breastfed for
less than 2.4 months
• 50% of children under 6 months are exclusively
breastfed, and 37% are already receiving
complementary foods
• 42% of children are stunted (short for their age)
• 11% of women are thin, while 22% are overweight
or obese
• 59% of children age 6-59 months and 40% of women
age 15-49 are classified as having anaemia.
• 59% of households with tested salt had an adequate
amount of iodine in the salt.
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