Transcript Slide 1

2nd EXPERT GROUP MEETING
OF SAWEN
Country Presentation – India
29 January, 2011
Paro, Bhutan
Protected Areas
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PA: 4.8% of country’s geographical
area
NP: 99
WLS: 515
Con. Res.: 43
Comm. Res.: 4
TOTAL : 661
TR : 39
ER : 26
Protected Area Coverage
Consist of 99 National Parks and 515 Wildlife Sanctuaries
Conservation Reserve 43, Community Reserve 4
Total PAs = 661
TR = 39
ER = 26
Based on the conventional isolationist approach
Existing PAs
887
Cum. Growth
Years
33
22
2001-05
292
Proposals
47
1996-00
101
86 187 95 282
1991-95
67
34
595
573
540
493
211
1986-90
67
1981-85
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1976-80
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1971-75
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Upto
1970
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2.4% of the total area of the world
8% species of the world
Around 5% of the country’s area has been brought under
the Protected Area (PA) network
Total No. of Protected
Areas
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Tiger Occupied Landscape Complexes
Tiger Occupancy in about 95,000 km2 ,
Potential Habitat of about 300,000 km2.
Shivalik
Terai
Central
India
Western
Ghats
North
-East
Sunderbans
Eastern
Ghats
Tiger number range between 1165 to 1657
Protection/Enforcement framework
in India
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Federal governance: Centre and State
have specific roles
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Habitat-land, water etc State subject,
wildlife government property
Protection/Enforcement framework
in India: contd.
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Day to day management of PA s and
execution of Acts – by State Governments
Wildlife(Protection) Act, 1972-umbrella
legal frame work for uniform level of
protection/ enforcement across the
country
Contd.
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A multi-disciplinary WCCB constituted on
5.6.2007
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Intelligence-organized crime-disseminatecreation and maintenance of centralized
wildlife crime databank
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co-ordination with various enforcement
agencies
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infrastructure & capacity building
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scientific and professional investigation
National and Regional Issues
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Mega-Biodiversity
Large number of species under threat
from poaching & illegal trade i.e.
Tiger and other big cats, Rhinoceros,
Star Tortoises, Pangolin
National and Regional Issues:
contd.
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Outside market driven poaching
Plants like Red Sanders, Cycas, Saussurea,
Orchids are under great threat
Shells and Corals
Tiger Mortality-data
Year
Natural
Poaching
Total
1999
9
24
33
2000
1
9
10
2001
8
36
44
2002
23
36
59
2003
24
20
44
2004
17
5
22
2005
17
0
17
2006
17
5
22
2007
20
10
30
2008
22
9
31
2009
49
17
66
2010
27
23
(14 outside TR)
50
Contd.
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Despite pressure on natural resources
including wildlife, we have:
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World’s more than 50% wild tiger population
Only country having Asiatic Lion
Largest population of one horned Rhino and
Asiatic elephants
Indian Star Tortoise (Geochelone elegans)
Pangolin
Trade in Wildlife
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Hunting of all wildlife prohibited
All trade in scheduled animals/animal
articles prohibited
Endangered plants protected ,
Collection from wild prohibited,
cultivation, possession etc regulated
Key Agencies Involved in the
Enforcement
 Central
 State
Agencies
Level Agencies
 NGOs:
WWF, TRAFFIC, WPSI,
WTI etc.
Trade in Wildlife
Foreign Trade Policy governing trade
in flora & fauna
 Provisions of CITES incorporated into
FTP and violations are dealt under
Customs Act, 1962.
 Exim trade in wildlife prohibited
except Special purposes (Research,
Zoos etc) under license
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Successes
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Creation of WCCB; A multidisciplinary agency
Launching of “tigernet” ; a web
enabled reporting system for tiger &
other wildlife mortality (in association
with TRAFFIC India)
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Creation of STPF in 13 Tiger Reserves
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Launching of “M-STrIPES” in selected
Tiger Resereves
Successes: contd.
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Guidelines for preparation of reserve
specific Security Plan issued
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Busting of inter-state organized gangs
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Capacity building of field agencies (Exit
points/ State Forest, Police, Judiciary) on
Wildlife Laws, investigation & forensic
Collation, analysis and dissemination of
the patterns based on available crime criminal history
“e-Eye” to Combat Poaching
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Using “e-Eye”: Information Technology
based surveillance on 24x7 basis, as a
pilot project, in one of tiger reserve.
Thermo sensitive, infrared intelligent cameras,
wi-fi internet and satellite technology
This data has the real-time feed from all the
remote locations.
Each of the locations can be controlled from the
central server station and also by the authorized
user.
Can survey and zoom in on any living object
(>20 kg) within a radius of 10 km in real time.
Software based identification of images and
appropriate alarm systems.
System Design
Remote IR Eye
Central Control Room
Data Analysis and Pattern Identification
Remote IR Eye
Long Range Remote Eye
Bilaspur
Wi-Fi Core Area
Long Range Remote Eye
Remote IR Eye
Web-Browser Controls Remote Eyes
Internet Cloud
Remote IR Eye
Long Range Remote Eye
1 0110 1 0110 1111
Delhi
Remote Sub-Station
Kolkata
Recent Milestone Achievement
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Arrest of Narayan by CWLW
Rajasthan & Sariska team
Brother of Sansar Chand
Wanted in several states
At Guwahati airport seizure of
tiger/leopard bones.
At Dhaka airport seizure of
Green Munias, Jungle Maina
& Star Tortoise.
Eco-development
Maintenance of vehicles 5.2%
POL
Provision of Project
3.5%
Research & Field Allowance to staff
equipments
Compensation & Legal
4.6%
Veterinary
Facility
3.5%
Assistance
0.8%
0.5%
Address man animal
conflict
2.7%
Habitat improvement &
water development
13.0%
Human Resource
Development
1.2%
Anti-poaching activities
61.0%
Staff amenities
4.0%
Itemw ise Sanction ( %) CSS-PT(2008-09)
(Excluding Village Relocation)
Intelligence gathering
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Poaching of tigers is still the biggest
threat
Delay in reaction time results failure
Intelligence gathering is the
backbone of anti-poaching activities.
Challenges
Coordination among various
enforcement agencies and transborder issues
 Low conviction rates
 Gaps in the skills regarding
documentation-evidence, Forensics,
case preparation and supervision,
multi-disciplinary approach
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Challenges
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Lack of awareness
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Poverty and dependency on natural
resources
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Porous borders
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Protection of trans-boundary
corridors
Vision for SAWEN
 An
organization capable of
coordination
 intelligence gathering & sharing
 assisting enforcement
 wildlife crime prevention
 facilitate protection of wildlife without
borders
 meet new challenges for the Member
Countries
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Vision: contd.
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Facilitate protection of migration routes &
threat mitigation
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Analysis & Removal of differentials
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Facilitate preparation of Species specific
regional management action plans
Vision: contd.
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India welcomes the initiative and looks
forward to work with other South Asian
countries and relevant NGO partners
already working in the region to curb
illegal wildlife trade that threatens our
shared natural heritage.
India looks forward to share its
experiences & success stories.
Vision: contd.
 Wildlife
enforcement is primarily a
sovereign subject, therefore, we
acknowledge primacy of national
laws and policies and each
country must respect the same
for others.
Vision: contd.
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Main focus - species like tigers,
rhinos, leopards, elephants,
Other lesser known species in illegal
trade such as medicinal plants,
marine species etc. are also
important.
Vision: contd.
A
joint training workshop with
member countries
 India endorses the proposed
structure & work programme of
SAWEN, as agreed in the 1st EGM
 Agree to the TOR of SG(SAWEN)
 Agree to membership fee, if any,
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Vision:
contd.
The Secretariat
could
help to prepare
an active list of relevant experts and
agencies “working in the region”
May use WWF, TRAFFIC, Wildlife Watch
Group and Wildlife Conservation, Nepal
WTI, WPSI, NTNC etc. organizations
with a long term presence and
commitment to the region
Initiatives at International level
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India has bilateral protocol with Nepal &
China on tiger conservation.
Bilateral protocol under consideration with
Bhutan, Bangladesh & Myanmar.
India is signatory to CITES and supports
ban on tiger farming & use/trade of its
body parts
Suggested
role
for the GTI
THANK
YOU
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Tiger : a sensitive and sovereign issue
Tiger Conservation Plans/strategies are best
evolved in tiger range countries to address
specific issues
GTI may make available a platform for
experience sharing, facilitating control of
trafficking in tiger body parts on a regional scale
No scope for GTI to involve in national projects
More clarity required on the role of GTI vis-à-vis
the national tiger agenda of range countries
Inter-ministerial forum like GTF provides scope
for partnership/collaboration with the GTI