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Digital Cameras
Painting “A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte” by French artist
Georges Seurat – a master of a technique known as pointillism, in which scenes are
composed of millions of tiny dots of paint, created by dabbing the canvas with the tip
of a paintbrush. Stand across the room from a pointillist painting, the dots blend 2
together – only when you get close can you distinguish the individual dots.
Pixels
• Digital images work like pointillist
paintings.
• Rather than being made up of dots of
paint, digital images are composed of tiny
squares of colour known as pixels.
• Pixel is short for Picture Element
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How Digital Cameras Work
• They have a sensor, which under a
microscope looks like a honeycomb.
• Each cell is a mini light receptor.
• Cells are subjected to light via the camera
lens.
• The degree to which they are filled
corresponds with how bright a pixel
becomes.
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Sensors
• Digital cameras use either CCD or CMOS
sensors.
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CCD & CMOS Sensors
• CCD – charge-coupled device.
• CMOS – complementary metal oxide
semiconductor.
• Originally most cameras used CCD
because CMOS sensors were considered
inferior. Recent advances have made
them competitive with CCD.
• CMOS consumes less energy.
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Resolution
• The quality of a digital image depends on
the number and density of pixels within it.
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Resolution
• A sensor with 1280
pixels by 1084 pixels
would have a total of
1280 x 1084 or
1,310,720 pixels
(1.3 Megapixels)
1280
1084
• What are the common
resolutions available in
cameras today?
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PRACTICAL
Start Windows Explorer and navigate to:
•C:\Student\AIT\Demo Images
•Open Barcelona.jpg in Photoshop
•Display File Info
What are the dimensions of the image?
What is the megapixel “size” of the image?
(______ x ______) / 1,000,000 =
What is the size of the image file on disk?
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Autofocus and Focus Lock
Images from http://www.howstuffworks.com/autofocus6.htm
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Autofocus and Focus Lock
• PRACTICAL
– Take a photo of the person sitting next to you
using the focus lock technique
– Take another photo not using the technique
– Compare the 2 images, using zoom to
determine if the person is in focus in each shot
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LCD Display
• PRACTICAL
– Turn on your camera and check the info
shown on the display
– Can you turn on additional info via a menu
option?
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Zoom
• Olympus 550
demo
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Composition
• General guidelines to follow rather than
compulsory rules
– Question – What is the purpose of the photo?
– Question – How will I guide the viewer’s eye?
– Question – How will I give the image depth?
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Purpose of Photo
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Purpose of Photo
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Frame the Subject
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Amount of Background
Zoomed in to fill frame
Moved closer to fill frame
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Fill the Frame
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Fill Frame, Check Background
Person larger and beach visible
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Rule of Thirds
Divide the image into thirds both hoizontally and vertically. This will result in 3
rows and 3 columns. Place the subject at one of the four points where the
dividing lines intersect. This means that you have to overcome the natural
tendency to place the object of interest in the centre of the frame.
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Rule of Thirds - Applied
For more information:
http://www.ictpd.net/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?id=489
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Works in Portrait as well
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Thirds and Filling the Frame
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Rule of Thirds - Partial
Horizon can’t be lower
Pay close attention to horizons - generally the horizon would be no
more than the top third or quarter of the frame unless the sky is the
main subject. Aim to position the horizon on one of the horizontal lines.
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Rule of Thirds - Applied
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Rule of Thirds - Broken
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Horizons and the Rule
of Thirds
Three other Rules involved here
Leading space for motion
Symmetry
Silhouette
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Avoid Clutter or Distractions
Images from
http://www.ictpd.net/moodle/course/view.php?id=13
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Avoid Clutter or Distractions
Images from http://www.ictpd.net
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Repetitive Images
Make Good Compositions
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Repetition
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Creating Depth
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Depth and Interest
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Watch for Merging
Images from http://www.ictpd.net
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Look into Photo (at camera)
Images from http://www.ictpd.net
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Depth and Balance
Images from http://www.ictpd.net
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S Bends and Crescents
Photograph by
one of
Australia’s most
famous
photographers –
Max Dupain
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Max DuPain
Sunbaker
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Max Dupain
Bondi
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Use Curves
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Use Curves
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And Lines into Corners
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Angles to Draw Attention
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Perspective
Images from http://www.ictpd.net
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Camera Orientation
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Use Lines
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Use Lines
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Leading the Eye
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Thirds and using Diagonals
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Rules are made to be broken
"The so-called rules of photographic
composition are, in my opinion, invalid,
irrelevant and immaterial"
Ansel Adams