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Scirtothrips dorsalis
(Chilli thrips)
Joe Chamberlin
Matt Ciomperlik
Amanda Hodges
Jeff Michel
Cindy McKenzie
S. Ludwig
L.S. Osborne
Cristi Palmer
C. Regelbrugge
L. Schmale
D. Schuble
S. dorsalis
Synonyms: Chilli, Castor, Berry, Assam and
Yellow Tea Thrips
Host Plants:
Over 150 host plants including banana, beans,
chrysanthemum, citrus, corn, cotton, cocoa,
eggplant, ficus, grape, grasses, holly, jasmine,
kiwi, litchi, longan, mango, onion, peach, peanut,
pepper, rose, soybean, strawberry, tea, tobacco,
tomato, viburnum, etc.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
Major pest of:
• strawberries in Queensland, Australia
• tea in Japan and Taiwan
• citrus in Japan and Taiwan (Chiu et al. 1991, Tatara and
Furuhushi 1992, Tschuchiya et al 1995)
• cotton in the Ivory Coast (Bournier 1999)
• soybeans in Indonesia (Miyazaki et al.1984)
• chillies and castor bean in India
• peanuts in several states in India (Mound and Palmer 1981).
• Ananthakrishnan (1984) also reports damage to the following
hosts: cashew, tea, chillies, cotton, tomato, mango, castor
bean, tamarind, and grape.
• Rose in India
Is Scirtothrips dorsalis a
Serious Economic Pest for the US?
• Assuming an overall U.S. crop yield loss from
Chilli Thrips of 5 percent the total crop value
loss would equal $3.0 billion (primary hosts
$583 million and secondary hosts $2.43 billion).
• Assuming an overall U.S. crop yield loss from
Chilli Thrips of 10 percent the total crop value
loss would equal $5.98 billion (primary hosts
$1.2 billion and secondary hosts $4.78 billion).
Identification
http://mrec.ifas.ufl.edu/lso/DOCUMENTS/identification%
20aid.pdf
Chilli Thrips-Adult
Chilli Thrips-Adults
Male and Female (larger)
Thrips-Adults
Western
Flower thrips
Chilli thrips
Western Flower
Thrips Adult
Chilli Thrips-Adult
(recently emerged)
Chilli Thrips-Adult
Chilli Thrips-Adults
Chilli Thrips
(mixed stages)
2nd instar
1st instar
Egg Blister
Chilli Thrips-Adults
Egg Blister
Embryo Removed from
Egg Blister
Egg Blister
Embryo
1st Instar Larva
Chilli Thrips
st
1 Instar Larva
Egg to 2nd Instar
F°
Days
60.8
17.2
68
12.0
77
7.6
86
5.8
Chilli Thrips
nd
2 Instar Larva
F° Days
60.8 12.4
68
8.1
77
6.4
86
4.4
Chilli Thrips
Pre-Pupa & Pupa
Pre-pupa
Pupa
F°
60.8
68
77
86
Days
9.9
6.5
4.4
3.7
DEVELOPMENT (DAYS)
EGG TO EGG
45
40
35
30
y s 25
a
D 20
15
10
5
0
40.21
26.11
18.19
13.96
61
68
77
T emperature °F
86
11.33
95
Over Wintering of Pupae
Grapes
•
•
•
•
64.4% in liter
16.2% in branch zone
12.5% in soil
6.9% leaf zone
Okada & Kudo 1982
Scouting
Scouting
Scouting
Damage
Hosts
Acanthaceae Strobilanthes dyerianus Mast.
Araliaceae Hedera helix L.
Berberidaceae Mahonia bealei
Caprifoliaceae Viburnum suspensum
Combretaceae
Conocarpus erectus
Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f.
Compositae Gerbera jamesonii H. Bolus ex Hook. f.
Ericaceae Rhododendron spp.
Euphorbiaceae Ricinus communis
Illiciaceae Illicium floridanum Ellis
Moraceae Ficus elastica
Hosts
Oleaceae
Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait.
Ligustrum japonicum Thunb.
Pittosporaceae Pittosporum tobira (Thunb.) Ait. f.
Rosaceae
Raphiolepsis indica
Rhaphiolepis umbellata (Thunb.) Mak.
Rosa sp.
Rubiaceae
Gardenia jasminoides
Richardia brasiliensis Gomes
Hosts
Rutaceae
Citrus sp.
Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack
Solanaceae
Capsicum annuum L.
Capsicum frutescens L.
Capsicum sp.
Hosts
Amaranthaceae Celosia argentea L.
Araceae Philodendron sp.
Araliaceae Schefflera arboricola (Hayata) Merrill
Balsaminaceae Impatiens walleriana Hook. f.
Compositae Coreopsis sp.
Compositae Zinnia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Poinsettia pulcherrima Graham
Gentianaceae Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.
Geraniaceae Pelargonium x hortorum Bailey
Hamamelidaceae Loropetalum chinense (R. Br.) Oliver
Hosts
Labiatae
Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br.
Salvia sp.
Leguminosae Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Lythraceae Cuphea sp.
Marantaceae Stromanthe sanguinea (Hook.) Sonder
Onagraceae Gaura lindheimeri
Rubiaceae Pentas lanceolata (Forssk.) Deflers
Scrophulariaceae Antirrhinum majus L.
Solanaceae Petunia sp.
Verbenaceae
Duranta erecta
Glandularia x hybrida (Grön. & Rüm.) Neson & Pruski
Damaged Flower Bud
and Leaves
Photos: L. Osborne, UF-IFAS
Mannion
Comparison of
damaged and
normal leaf
Damaged new growth
Photos: L. Osborne, UF-IFAS
Normal new growth
Mannion
Chilli Thrips - rose
Ligustrum
Pittosporum
Ligustrum
Ligustrum
Chilli Thrips-pepper
Chilli Thrips-pepper
Chilli Thrips-Indian Hawthorn
Chilli Thrips-Schefflera
Chilli Thrips-Schefflera
Chilli Thrips- Schefflera
Chilli Thrips-strawberry
Sweet Viburnum
Management
Chemical
See Chilli Thrips Management: Osborne & Ludwig
http://www.mrec.ifas.ufl.edu/lso/THRIPS/CHILLIWEB2/chil
li-doc/CHILLI%20THRIPS%20Management.pdf
100% Reliance on
Pesticides =
RESISTANCE
What Can Growers Do?
1. Pay attention to information distributed by SAF,
the propagators, media, pesticide companies
and/or University and ARS scientists.
2. Implement INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE
MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS
IRM
ROTATE
ROTATE
Table based on data from:
Ciomperlik
Ludwig
Osborne
Seal
Effective Products
7 Different Modes of Action
Acephate
Acetamiprid
Clothianidin
Dinotefuran
Imidacloprid
Thiamethoxam
Spinosad
Abamectin
Flonicamid
Chlorfenapyr
Pyridalyl
Foliar
Foliar
Foliar
Foliar
Foliar
Foliar
Foliar
Foliar
Foliar
Foliar
Foliar
Compounds in Yellow = the same MOA
N, G, L
N, G, L
N, G, L
N, G, L
N, G, L
N, G, L
N, G, L
N, G, L
G
G
G
N=Nursery
G=Greenhouse
L=Landscape
RISK OF RESISTANCE
MANAGEMENT
OPTION
LOW
MEDIUM
HIGH
Pesticide Rotation
> 2 Modes
2 Modes
1 Mode
Use of Same Mode
of Action
Once
Many times
Infestation Level
Low
More than
once
Medium
Control in Last 3
Cycles
Good
Declining
Poor
IPM System
All Tactics
Pesticide
and limited
others
Pesticide
only
High
PLAN
Identify All Pesticides Registered for the
Pest and Crop
Determine Plant Safety
Determine Labeled Frequency
Determine Other Use Restrictions
Organize Treatments (MOA…)
Don’t Forget Other Pests!
Management
Biological
Why Biological Control?
• To help manage pesticide resistance in
populations of Western flower thrips.
• Chilli Thrips was attacking basil, mint, and
peppers in organic production systems.
• Thrips control impacted implementation of
IPM programs in many ornamental crop
systems.
• Chemical control in the landscape is
NOT SUSTAINABLE
Amblyseius (Typhlodromips) swirskii
Feeding on a Chilli thrips
Study 1
Mean # of Immatures/Plant
80
Control of Chilli Thrips
Chilly Chili Pepper
70
60
50
ck old
ck new
A.s. old
A.s. new
40
30
20
10
0
day 7
day 14
day 21
N=20
5 plants/Unit
4 Units/treatment
Franklinothrips vespiformis
Adult
Franklinothrips vespiformis
Nymph
Management
Cultural
????
Thank you!