Transcript Document

Pierre Elliott Trudeau
Canada’s most charismatic Prime Minister
Trudeau Dated Celebrities like:
Barbara Streisand, actress
Also dated:
Clint Eastwood, actor
Joe Namath, NFL NY Jets QB
Andre Agassi, famous tennis player
Richard Gere, actor
Warren Beatty, actor
Liam Neeson, actor
James Brolin, actor
Trudeau Dated Celebrities like:
Bianca Jagger,
later ex-wife of Mick Jagger (Rolling
Stones)
Also dated:
Warren Beatty, actor
Mick Jagger, rock musician
David Bowie, rock musician
Bjorn Borg, famous tennis player
Trudeau Dated Celebrities like:
Margot Kidder
(Lois Lane in superman movies)
Also dated:
Steven Spielberg
Trudeau Dated Celebrities like:
Liona Boyd, musician
Margaret
Trudeau
Her age: 22
His age: 52
PIERRE ELLIOT TRUDEAU
•Canadian Nationalist –
believed in a strong central government
• Opposed to Maurice Duplessis & Quiet
Revolution.
• Intellectual – spent the first part of his life
as a unionist and a Marxist
RENE LEVESQUE
• Quebec nationalist
premier elected in 1976
• Wanted to have a referendum on Quebec
“sovereignty-association”
PIERRE ELLIOT TRUDEAU
•1. JUST SOCIETY
Trudeau used this phrase to explain his
policies, which included things like
Constitutional Charter of Rights and
Freedoms and official bilingualism
2. BI+BI COMMISSION
Advises Trudeau to create the
Official Languages Act
Canada now has two official
languages, officially
RENE LEVESQUE
•3. Quebecois want “sovereigntyassociation”
Trudeau feels that they are an
integral part of Canada, and
should cooperate with his
vision.
FLQ CRISIS OCT 1970
1. James Cross, a British diplomat, is
kidnapped.
2. FLQ demand the release of
“political prisoners.”
3. Gov’t says
“We don’t negotiate with
terrorists.”
4. Pierre Laporte, Quebec’s
Minister of Labour, is kidnapped.
5. Trudeau imposes the
War Measures Act
The only time it was ever used
in peacetime.
ARMY CALLED IN
How far will you go?
“Just watch me.”
Gov’t arrest pro-separatists
Find LaPorte’s body in a car
trunk, dead.
Cross is located.
Kidnappers flee to CUBA
1976 – Rene Levesque becomes
Quebec’s nationalist PREMIER
Levesque promises a referendum on
sovereignty-association
Introduces Bill 101
French is the only language of Quebec
French and only French was allowed on storefronts, signs and posters
inside stores, billboards and all other signs of a commercial nature.
MTL became the first city to have a Chinatown with no Chinese signs
allowed.
Goal was to remove English signs.
Law was later changed to allow other languages as long as French was
twice as big.
1980 Referendum
Levesque asks Quebec residents:
The Government of Quebec has made
public its proposal to negotiate a new
agreement with the rest of Canada,
based on the equality of nations;
this agreement would enable Quebec to
acquire the exclusive power to make its
laws, levy its taxes and establish
relations abroad — in other words,
sovereignty — and at the same time to
maintain with Canada an economic
association including a common
currency;
any change in political status resulting
from these negotiations will only be
implemented with popular approval
through another referendum;
on these terms, do you give
the Government of Quebec
the mandate to negotiate the
proposed agreement
between Quebec and
Canada?
1980 REFERENDUM:
40% OUI: LET QUEBEC SEPERATE
60% NON: KEEP QUEBEC PART OF CANADA
• Over 85 per cent of eligible voters participated in the referendum.
• Although relieved by the result, Prime Minister Trudeau
recognized the 40 per cent of voters seeking an independent Quebec
when he said, "We have all lost a little in this referendum."
1980 Referendum
Question worded confusingly
High voter turnout
Trudeau says “We have lost a little”
1982
Trudeau wants the creation of a
Canadian Constitution.
GOALS
A) CANADIAN IDENTITY
Constitution should be in
Not
GOALS
B) CHARTER OF RIGHTS AND
FREEDOMS
Protect rights FIRMLY
PROBLEM
C) AMMENDING FORMULA
How to get all the provinces to
agree when all want special
considerations.
1982: PATRIATION OF THE CONSTITUTION
Following the NON vote in Quebec, Trudeau felt Canada needed
a constitution of its own to make the country a full-fledged nation
• He went about he process of adding a Charter of Rights and
Freedoms to the Constitution.
NOTWITHSTANDING
Allowed governments to
temporarily NOT uphold the
Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Included to appease the
regionalist governments.
•Many of the provinces did not like his plan, especially some
of the changes he proposed that made the federal
government stronger. They rejected his plan.
• In 1981, the government decided to host a FIRST
MINISTERS’ CONFERENCE, where all the premiers get
together with the prime minister.
• During the Night of the Long Knives, Trudeau reached an
agreement with the rest of the provinces, but left Quebec
out.
• He decided to go ahead and create a new constitution
without Quebec’s support.
PATRIATION OF THE CONSTITUTION 1982
Quebeckers felt betrayed.
They vowed that the fight was not over. Quebec
refused to sign the new constitution, and promised
another referendum in the future.
In 1984, Pierre Elliott Trudeau resigned as Prime
Minister.
BRIAN MULRONEY
Elected as Prime
Minister in 1984.
• He wanted to bring
Quebec into the
Constitution.
• He called a FIRST
MINISTERS’
MEETING to get
Quebec to sign on.
• The conference took
place at MEECH LAKE
in 1987.
THE PROBLEMS
Each premier wants their own issue added to agenda:
EXAMPLES:
• Fisheries
• Senate reform
• Quebec wants a veto over future changes to the
constitution.
• “Distinct Society” Clause
PREMIERS BARGAIN ALL NIGHT
Brian Mulroney gets a deal.
The deal must be ratified in the
provincial legislatures.
Elijah Harper, an MLA in
Manitoba, is outraged that First
Nations peoples and Aboriginal
peoples were not consulted during
the Meech Lake debate.
He stages a filibuster that prevents
Manitoba from approving the
Meech Lake deal.
Meech Lake needed to be approved
by all of the provinces by the end of
the legislative year. It can’t be.
MEECH LAKE DIES.
CHARLOTTETOWN
ACCORD (1992):
MULRONEY
TRIES
AGAIN
- Things for Provinces:
Forestry, Mining, Cultural policy, natural resources
Guaranteed Funding for Provincial Programs
Quebec gets 3 of 9 Supreme Court justices, guaranteed
- Other things:
Aboriginal self-government
Quebec as a "distinct society"
Senate reformed: 6 seats for each province,
1 for each territory, some seats for Aboriginal voters
Reduced senate powers
Double Majority of French Canadian seats
Fairer allocation of HoC seats
FOR IT
AGAINST IT
• WOMEN
FORMER PRIME
MINISTER PIERRE
TRUDEAU
• CONSERVATIVES,
LIBERALS, NDP
• FIRST NATIONS
• BUSINESS GROUPS
• ENGLISH CANADA
• 50% OF QUEBEC
PRESTON MANNING'S
NEW REFORM PARTY
opposed distinct society
QUEBEC
SOVEREIGNTISTS SAID
QUEBEC NEEDS MORE
POWERS
MULRONEY’S OTHER GOAL:
Closer ties with the United States
Using ground and space-based systems
to prevent US from attack by nuclear
ballistic missiles.
BRIAN
PRESIDENT
RONALD
REAGAN
MULRONEY’S OTHER GOAL:
Closer ties with the United States
- negotiated in 1988 with Bush Sr.
- very controversial in ’88 election.
More Canadians voted for anti-NAFTA
parties but Conservatives won more seats
- Incoming President Bill Clinton
introduced additional clauses on
environment.
BRIAN
PRESIDENT
GEORGE
BUSH (Sr.)
Had held four cabinet
portfolios prior to
becoming PM, giving her
more experience than 11 of
18 men who were PM
before her, including
Mulroney, Joe Clark and
Pierre Trudeau.
Canada’s first woman PM.
First Baby Boomer prime
minister.
Took over from Brian
Mulroney as PM in June
1993.
Lasted 5 months as PM.
KIM
CAMPBELL:’93
1993 ELECTION RESULTS
REGIONALISM BEGINS
TO SPLIT THE COUNTRY APART
CAMPBELL’S CONSERVATIVES LOST THE ELECTION
BADLY? WHY SO BADLY?
-UNDER MULRONEY, Canada’s national debt had
grown 4 times between 1984-1993! It was 100,000
million when he started, and 400,000 million when he
ended!
-NAFTA – not all Canadians agreed that we should be
so close to the Americans.
-GST – Liberals under Chretien said they would get rid
of this tax … they didn’t cuz it’s hard to turn down free
money.
Nov. 28, 1989: "Mr. Speaker, the goods and services tax is a
stupid, inept and incompetent tax." - Liberal MP Paul Martin
April 4, 1990: "I would abolish the GST.'' - Liberal MP Paul
Martin
May 2, 1994: "We hate it and we will kill it." - Prime Minister
Jean Chretien
Nov. 1, 2007 - The Canadian Press: "[Liberal Leader]Stephane
Dion's suggestion that he might one day increase the goods-andservices tax had some of his Liberal troops shaking their heads
Wednesday."
Dec. 18, 2008: "So I'm not going to take a GST hike off the table
later. I just think it'd be a bad idea now in a recession." - Liberal
Leader Michael Ignatieff
Jan. 29, 2010 - Liberal MP calls for debate on increasing GST
IN 1993, voters turn to the
LIBERALS!
The new prime minister is
Jean Chretien.
-He was a key minister in
Pierre Trudeau’s
government
-Led the fight against
separation in 1980.
ERASING THE DEFICIT
Under Jean Chretien and Paul Martin, the
Liberals in the 1990s imposed the greatest
spending cuts in Canadian history.
Started with $42 billion deficit.
• Slashed corporate and personal taxes
• Paid down billions of the national debt.
ISSUES FACING CHRETIEN’S GOV’T
PARTI QUEBECOIS
Continues to be the voice
of Quebec in the 1990s
Led by Jacques Parizeau
ISSUES FACING CHRETIEN’S GOV’T
PARTI QUEBECOIS
Continues to be the voice
of Quebec in the 1990s
Led by Jacques Parizeau
BLOC QUEBECOIS forms to represent Quebec at a national level
and is the Official Opposition from 1993-1997.
Led by former Mulroney Conservative Cabinet Minister
LUCIEN BOUCHARD
ISSUES FACING CHRETIEN’S GOV’T
WESTERN ALIENATION
Represented by the REFORM PARTY, which is the 2nd
largest party from 1997-2000s.
SENATE REFORM:
PRESTON MANNING
Wants equal seats for all provinces.
Proposes the Triple E Senate.
ISSUES FACING CHRETIEN’S GOV’T
WESTERN ALIENATION
Represented by the REFORM PARTY, which is the 2nd
largest party from 1997-2000s.
NATURAL RESOURCES: PRIMARILY ALBERTA
Concerned about the NEP
Don’t want the wealth distributed, they want
to keep it and be a rich province!!!
ISSUES FACING CHRETIEN’S GOV’T
WESTERN ALIENATION
Represented by the REFORM PARTY, which is the 2nd
largest party from 1997-2000s.
SPECIAL TREATMENT: “DISTINCT SOCIETY”
Don’t like that Ontario always looks out for Ontario
Sick and tired of French people always getting special
consideration.