Transcript LCM Introduction - Excel

LCM Introduction
Excel Technology
International
Corporation
LCM Applications
LCD & LCM Differences
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Liquid Crystal Display - User must
decide what kind of driver to use.
LCD Module – Provides a PC Board.
The driver chips are on the board
ready to be used.
Construction of LCD
The LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is formed with 6~10µm thick nematic
liquid crystal sandwiched between two glass plates with transparent electrode
patterns, and polarizers stationed on the outside of the two glass plate.
1. Front Polarizer
2. Front Glass
3. Rear Glass
4. Rear Polarizer with Reflector
5. Sealing Glue
6. Edge Sealing Glue
7. Conductive Dot Between 2 Glass
8. ITO Electrode
Construction of LCD
The LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is formed with 6~10µm thick nematic
liquid crystal sandwiched between two glass plates with transparent electrode
patterns, and polarizers stationed on the outside of the two glass plate.
6. Edge Sealing Glue
8. ITO Electrode
9. Sio2 Film
10. Alignment Film
11. Spacer
12. Liquid Crystal
Viewing Direction
Top
12 O’Clock
9 O’Clock
3 O’Clock
Right
Left
6 O’Clock
Bottom
Definition of viewing angle
The LCD changes in contrast depending on the direction of viewing and the range
within which the display can be recognized is limited. Taking this recognizable range
as the viewing angle, it is defined as below:
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
1
2
Away from viewer
Towards viewer
Vertical area of definition
Left
Right
Horizontal area of definition
Definition of viewing angle
For TN Type LCD
For STN Type LCD
Top = 2 (12 O’Clock)
Top = 2 (12 O’Clock)
2
2
1
1
Bottom = 1 (6 O’Clock)
Bottom = 1 (6 O’Clock)
Dot configuration and dimensions
Character Type
Graphic Type
E
H
F
D
B
D
C
C
G
I
F
A
A
B
Dot Size = A x B
Character pitch = E
Character size = H x I
Size of display area = F x G
Dot pitch (1) = C
Dot pitch (2) = D
What is a TN (Twisted Nematic) Mode LCD
90o
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Twisted Nematic.
This is the abbreviation of Twisted Nematic field effect
mode. This is the mode which arranges the liquid
crystal molecules by controlling their movement with
electric voltage (electric field) so as to twist them by
90o in the through the polarizer placed on the two
upper lower plate of LCD by controlling the movement
of the liquid crystal molecules.
Almost all of medium and small type segment-display
LCDs are in this mode, which is therefore this is the
most common mode.
What is a STN (Super Twisted Nematic)
Mode LCD ?
Birefringence=
120240o
Super Twisted Nematic
This is the abbreviation of Super Twisted Nematic field
effect mode. While the TN mode arrange the liquid crystal
molecules by twisting them by 90o ,the STN mode arrange
them by giving a still larger twist and provides display by
birefringence effect of liquid crystal.
The LCD structure in the STN mode is the same as that in
liquid crystal, adopting birefringence effect, there is a color in
the display and also a background color. In this STN mode, a
wide-viewing angle view is obtained, and the STN offers a
high-contrast display compared with the TN mode. Specially,
it is widely used in large size full-dot matrix LCD module.
For colors, it has two modes depending on the combination
of polarizer, namely, yellow mode and gray mode.
Negative
TN Mode
Transmissive Type
D-TN Mode
Shutter Type Color
Transmissive Type
D-TN Color
Reflective Type
TN Mode
Positive
LCD
Form of Display
Transflective Type
Reflective Type
Transflective Type
Colored Polarizer
Transmissive Type
Transflective Type
Transmissive Type
LCM Construction
Bezel (Metal Frame)
LCD
Connector
1.Rubber Connector
2.Pin Connector
3.Flexible Connector
PCB
1. TAB
2. COF
3. COG
Backlighting
1. LED
2. EL
3. C.C.F.L.
LCD Driver I.C.
1. Package
2. Die Form
3. TAB Type
How to drive the LCD Com. & Seg.
How to drive the LCD Com. & Seg.
Products Numbering System
Character Type
E
X 1
6
2
0
0
1
Y
F
Display Format
Character LCM
H= High Temp.
N= Normal Temp.
LCD series No.
T=TN
Y= Yellow green STN
G= Silver gray STN
Y B
E=EL
L=LED
C=CCFL
Series number
Columns (C) x Lines (H)
N L
R: Reflective
F: Transflective
M: Transmissive
N: Negative
B=Bottom view 6H
T=Top view 12H
A= Amber
B= Blue green
R= Red
W= White
Y= Yellow green
Products Numbering System
Graphic Type LCM
E
X 2
4
1
2
8
1
Y F
H L
Y
B
E=EL
L=LED
C=CCFL
Dot number C x R
B=Bottom view 6H
T=Top view 12H
LCD series No.
H= High Temp.
N= Normal Temp.
Display Format
Graphic LCM
T=TN
Y= Yellow green STN
G= Silver gray STN
R: Reflective
F: Transflective
M: Transmissive
N: Negative
A= Amber
B= Blue green
R= Red
W= White
Y= Yellow green