Transcript Preparing a Coating Inspection Plan

Flooring Options for
High Traffic Areas
Presented by:
Jayson L. Helsel, P.E.
KTA-Tator, Inc.
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Flooring Options Overview
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Moisture assessment
Surface preparation
Coating options
Slip resistance
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Learning Objectives
• Completion of this webinar will enable the
participant to:
 Describe two typical moisture tests for concrete floors
and what the common acceptance criteria are for each
 List typical surface preparation methods used for
concrete floors prior to coating application
 Identify at least three common options for coating
concrete floors subjected to foot traffic
 Understand general slip resistance requirements and
list the common minimum value necessary for
coefficient of friction
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Moisture Assessment
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Plastic sheet method: ASTM D4263
Calcium chloride test: ASTM F1869
In-Situ Relative Humidity: ASTM F2170
Moisture meters: F2659 & F710
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Moisture Assessment
• Plastic sheet method
(ASTM D4263)
 Square sheet of clear
plastic film taped to the
slab surface
 Remains for 16-24
hours
 Look for moisture
development
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Moisture Assessment
• Calcium chloride test
(ASTM F1869)
 Determines vapor
emission rate in
pounds/1000 sq ft/24 hrs
 Known mass of anhydrous
calcium chloride placed
under sealed dome
 Remains 60-72 hours
 Weight increase
determines amount
moisture
 Typical limit = 3 lbs/1000
sq ft/24 hrs
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Calcium Chloride Test
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Quantifies volume of water emitting from a
1000 square foot slab per 24 hours
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Plan the test
Prepare the test site (CSP 1-2)
Weight cartridges; record weights
Open cartridges
Place cartridges, domes and seal domes
Start testing
End test; reweigh and calculate results
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Calcium Chloride Test
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Calcium Chloride Test
1. Record start and stop
dates and times
2. Record pre- and posttest weights. Calculate
weight gain
3. Multiply weight gain by
constant (118.932), then
divide by elapsed time of
test
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Moisture Assessment
• In-situ Relative humidity
in slabs (ASTM F2170)
 Holes drilled to 40% (one
side) or 20% (two-sided)
of slab thickness
 Plastic inserts or probes
inserted and sealed
 Measure after 72 hours
 75% is typical maximum
(ASTM F710)
 Coating manufacturer may
specify maximum
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Moisture Assessment
• Moisture meters
 Intended for floors/slabs
(and walls)
 Operatesby measuring the
electrical resistance or
conductivity between the tips
of two insulated pins at the
surface or subsurface using
concrete nails
 Resistance converted to a
relative moisture content
 Testing destructive when
holes must be drilled
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Moisture Assessment
• Moisture meters
 Some types nondestructive, use electrical
impedance measurement
 Contacts rest on concrete
surface
 May also report humidity
 Mostly used prior to
flooring application
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Surface Preparation
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Perform thorough assessment
Need sound surface
pH measurement
Specify appropriate patching materials
– Cementitious products – epoxy, urethane
– 100% acrylic products
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Surface Preparation
• Surface cleaning to remove grease, oil,
contaminants, etc.
– SSPC-SP 1
– ASTM D4258
– Air, water cleaning, scrubbing, sweeping or
vacuuming may be acceptable
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Surface Preparation
• Blast cleaning
– Lower pressures
– SSPC-SP 13
– ASTM D4259
• Variations
– Centrifugal wheel blast
unit, e.g. Blastrac
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Surface Preparation
• International Concrete Repair Institute
(ICRI)
– Technical Guideline No. 310.2-1997 (formerly
No. 03732), “Selecting and Specifying
Concrete Surface Preparation for Sealers,
Coatings, and Polymers Overlays”
• Defines levels of preparation based on surface
profile roughness
• Includes surface replica comparison panels
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ICRI 310.2
• “Concrete Surface Profile,” CSP 1 - CSP 10
– CSP 3 to 5 typically specified for floor coatings
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ICRI 310.2
• CSP 3 – Light shotblast
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ICRI 310.2
• CSP 5 – Medium shotblast
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ICRI 310.2
• CSP 6 – Medium scarification
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Surface Preparation
• Hand/power tools
– ASTM D4259
– Smaller areas
– E.g. rotopeen
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Surface Preparation
• Acid etching
– ASTM D4260
– Surface must be free of:
• Sealers, coatings, grease, oil, etc.
– Typical acids
• Hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, citric
– Thorough removal of spent acid
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Surface Preparation
Inspection
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Uniform and clean surface
Sound concrete
Surface pH
Moisture content
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Coating Options
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Polished concrete
Epoxy
Methyl methacrylate acrylic (MMA)
Polyurea/polyaspartic
Polyurethane
Moisture cured polyurethane
Cementitious urethane
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Polished Concrete
• Densifier to increase surface density and
abrasion resistance
– Penetrating alkyl silicate/siliconate product
• Micro film forming surface treatment
(sealer) optional
• Polishing/honing of floor
• Color may be added
• Regular cleaning required
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Polished Concrete
• Limited chemical resistance
• Typical applications
– Big box stores
– Grocery stores
– Mall stores
– Office lobbies
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Polished Concrete
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Epoxy Coatings
• Variety of epoxy chemistries
– Polyamide, polyamine, novolac
– Typically 100%/high solids
• Typical system
– Epoxy primer
– Epoxy base coat(s)
• Aggregate broadcast typical
• Decorative broadcast possible
– Topcoat/sealer (optional)
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Epoxy Coatings
• Product example
– Surface preparation: Mechanical profile
(blasting) equal to 30-50 grit sandpaper
– Application by trowel/squeegee & back roll
– Primer: Epoxy at 4-8 mils DFT
– Basecoat: Epoxy at 60-75 mils
– Broadcast coat: Epoxy at 60-75 mils
– Topcoat: Epoxy at 8-12 mils
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Epoxy Coatings
• Product example (self leveling)
– Surface preparation: Mechanical profile
(blasting) equal to 30-50 grit sandpaper
– Application by trowel/squeegee & back roll
– Primer: Epoxy at 4-8 mils DFT
– Topping: Epoxy, pour/spread to 250 mils
– Topcoat: Epoxy at 4-8 mils
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Epoxy Coatings
• Product example (thinner film)
– Surface preparation: Mechanical profile
(blasting) equal to 50-80 grit sandpaper
– Application by trowel/squeegee & back roll
– Primer: Epoxy at 5-8 mils DFT
– Topcoat: Epoxy at 8-16 mils DFT
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Epoxy Coatings
• Typical applications:
– Commercial kitchens
– Restaurants
– Grocery/food preparation
– Restrooms
– Office/apartment lobbies
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Epoxy Coatings
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MMA Coatings
• Methyl methacrylate acrylic chemistry
• Typical system (125 mils total DFT)
– Moisture: 85% Max RH
– Surface preparation: ICRI 310.2 CSP 5
– Roller application
– MMA primer
– MMA basecoat with quartz broadcast
– MMA topcoat (2 coats)
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MMA Coatings
• Typical applications
– Commercial kitchens
– Grocery stores
– Laboratories
– Animal holding
– Manufacturing/processing
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MMA Coatings
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Polyurea/Polyaspartic
Coatings
• 100% solids aliphatic polyurea/
polyaspartic
• Product example
– Surface preparation: Mechanical abrasion
– Application by trowel/squeegee
– Primer: Epoxy at 2-3 mils DFT
– Basecoat: Polyurea at 8-12 mils DFT
• Vinyl chip broadcast option
– Topcoat: Polyurea clearcoat at 8-12 mils DFT
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Polyurea/polyaspartic
Coatings
• Typical applications:
– Commercial kitchens
– Restaurants
– Grocery stores
– Restrooms
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Polyurethane Coatings
• High solids aliphatic polyurethane
• Product example
– Surface preparation: Mechanical abrasion/acid
etch
– Application by roller
– Primer: Epoxy at 2-3 mils DFT
– Basecoat(s): Polyurethane at 2-4 mils DFT,
multiple coats typical
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Moisture Cured
Polyurethane Coatings
• Single component aliphatic MCU
• Product example
– Surface preparation: Mechanical abrasion/acid
etch
– Application by roller
– Primer: MCU or Epoxy at 2-3 mils DFT
– Basecoat(s): MCU at 2-4 mils DFT, multiple
coats typical
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Polyurethane/MCU
Coatings
• Typical applications:
– Showrooms
– Cafeterias
– Laboratories
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Cementitious Urethane
• 100% solids aromatic cementitious
urethane
– May have broadcast aggregate
• High abrasion resistance
• High chemical resistance
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Cementitious Urethane
• Product example
– Moisture: 20 lb Max CaCl2 or 99% Max RH
– Surface preparation: ICRI 310.2 CSP 4-5
– Application: Trowel applied at 250 mils
– Optional topcoat, with or without aggregate
broadcast
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Cementitious Urethane
• Typical applications
– Commercial kitchens
– Processing areas
– Pharmaceutical
– Wet areas
– Exterior
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Cementitious Urethane
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Slip Resistance
• Utilize flooring material that has
acceptable slip resistance under
foreseeable conditions
• Applicable regulations for required
Coefficient of Friction (COF) are not
always clear
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Slip Resistance
• Typical recommendations include:
– 0.5 COF by ADA and OSHA
– 0.6 COF recommended for accessible routes
– 0.8 COF recommended for ramps
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Slip Resistance
• Many test methods and corresponding
equipment for measuring slip
• Testing equipment
– Drag sled machines
– Articulated strut machines
– British pendulum
– Others
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Slip Resistance
• Test methods (partial list)
– ASTM F1677, Portable Inclineable Articulated
Strut Slip Tester
– ASTM F1679, Variable Incidence Tribometer
– ASTM C1028M, Static Coefficient of Friction of
Ceramic Tile and Other Like Surfaces
– NFSI B1010.1-2009, Test method for
Measuring Wet SCOF of Common Hard
Surface Floor Materials
– ASTM F609, Horizontal Pull Slipmeter
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Summary
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Moisture assessment
Surface preparation & inspection
Coating options
Slip resistance
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