Diapositiva 1
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Transcript Diapositiva 1
Thermoeconomic Input-Output
Exergy Analysis applied
to Industrial Ecology
Antonio Valero, Sergio Usón, Alicia Valero and César Torres
CIRCE – Centro de Investigación de Recursos y Consumos
Energéticos. Universidad de Zaragoza (Spain)
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The 3rd International Conference on Eco-Efficiency
Egmond aan Zee, The Netherlands 9-11 June 2010
Introduction
The key point of Industrial Ecology (IE) is the use of waste flows
produced by an industry as inputs for another, in order to close
materials cycles.
Thus, a waste becomes a by-product, from the viewpoint of the
producer
And a resource from the new consumer
Accordingly, the main question arising is:
How fair prices can be determined?
They should be based on production costs based on physical roots.
Accurate and objective accounting methodologies are needed.
Thermoeconomics is proposed solving this question and other
quantification problems within Industrial Ecology.
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Outline
Exergy, Thermoeconomics and Input-Output
Analysis.
Thermoeconomic Exergy Input-Output Analysis.
Example of Application.
Conclusion.
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Exergy, Thermoeconomics and I-O Analysis
Exergy is the maximum amount of work that a system or flow
could produce while interacting with the environment.
Concept based on the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
Key contribution: It is able to objetify all physical
manifestations (energy, produts, resources, emmissions) in
energy units.
Application of exergy to Industrial Ecology:
Ayres and Ayres (1996). Quantification.
Connelly and Koshland (2001). Resource depletion.
Finnveden and Östlund (1997), Cornelissen and Hirs (2002), Dewulf
and Langenhove (2002). Life Cycle Assessment (LCA).
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Exergy, Thermoeconomics and I-O Analysis
Thermoeconomics (Tribus and Evans, 1962), takes a step
further by introducing the concept of purpose by means of
efficiency:
Exergy Input – Exergy Output = Irreversibility >0
Fuel (F) – Product (P) – Wastes (R) = Irreversibility > 0
Exergy cost (Valero et al., 1986) / Cummulative exergy
consumption (Szargut and Morris, 1987) (amount of resources
needed to produce a given flow or system) is a bridge between
Thermodynamics and Economics.
Thermoeconomics has been applied to the analysis, optimization
and diagnosis of energy systems.
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Exergy, Thermoeconomics and I-O Analysis
Input-Output analysis (IO) has been aplied to issues related to
Industrial Ecology.
IO traditionally used with different quantity units for energy and
material fluxes.
If monetary units are used for costs, arbitrariness may be
introduced.
Exergy IO allows to measure all flows in the same units (Hau and
Bakshi, 2004).
Thermoeconomic Exergy Input-Output analysis uses Second Law
for cost assessment.
It is able to objectively asses the costs of products interchanged.
It can help to rationalize the general problem of resources savings
achieved through waste integration.
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Thermoeconomic Exergy I-O Analysis applied to
Industrial Ecology
Physical Structure
Productive Structure.
Fuel-Product Table: each element Eij is the part of the product
of component i used as a resource by component j. 0 is the
environment.
F1
…
Fj
…
Fn
v0
E01
…
E0j
…
E0n
P1
E11
…
E1j
…
E1n
E10
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
Pi
Ei1
…
Eij
…
Ein
Ei0
Fi Pi I i 0
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
FT j E0 j
(External resources)
Pn
En1
…
Enj
…
Enn
En0
PT i Ei 0
(Final demand)
TOTAL
E/E
ws
TOTAL
Fj E0 j i Eij
(Fuel)
Pi Ei 0 j Eij
(Product)
Thermoeconomic Input-Output Exergy Analysis applied to Industrial Ecology
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Thermoeconomic Exergy I-O Analysis applied to
Industrial Ecology
Processes are characterized by unit exergy consumptions:
ji
E ji
ˆ 1
KP E P
Pi
Production of each process can be obtained from the final demand
and the unit exergy consumptions:
P U KP
1
P U KP
Ps
1
Total fuel needed for satisfying a given demand:
FT t e P Ps
Calculation of unit costs:
k *P P κ e
t
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Example of Eco-industrial park
NATURAL
GAS
NATURAL GAS
BOILER
21
PROCESS
STEAM
23
22
7
COMBUSTION
GASES
8
3
2
19
HP
TURBINE
IP
TURBINE
14
LP
TURBINE
15
ELECTRICITY
16
11
4
COAL
1
5
COAL
BOILER
13
AIR
0
9
CONDENSER
10
6
HP
HEATER
DEAREATOR
LP
HEATER
HEAT
20
12
ASHES
18
LIMESTONE
24
COAL/ELECTRICITY
25
E/E
CLINKER
KILN
26
17
CLINKER
27
Thermoeconomic Input-Output Exergy Analysis applied to Industrial Ecology
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Productive structure. Isolated systems.
6
34,51
natural
gas
1
clean
coal
410
Boiler
steam
351,6
Turbine
electricity
5
117,9
limestone
& coal
process
steam
3
1008
Ash
Separator
4
9,22
2
1014
coal
Steam
Generator
27,9
Clinker
Kiln
clinker
27,9
Mixer
clinker
MW
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Productive structure. Integrated systems.
6
0
natural
gas
steam
1
Ash
Separator
clean
coal
410
Boiler
steam
351,6
Turbine
electricity
1,03
ashes
5
106,1
limestone
& coal
3
1031
4
process
steam
2
1037
coal
9,22
9,22
Steam
Generator
25,19
Clinker
Kiln
clinker
26,22
Mixer
clinker
MW
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Exergy Input-Output Table
F1
V0
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
TOTAL
E/E
F2
F3
0
1015
1037,5
0
0
0
1008
0
0
0
0
0
410
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1015
1037,5
0
0
0
0
0
1008
0
0
410
1031
0
118
410
106
2,2
28
0
0
26,2
9,2
26,2
9,2
0
34,5
26,2
351,6
28
28
0
28
351,6
0
0
0
419,2
351,6
0
0
0
0
0
25,2
1031
410
351,6
0
0
0
0
0
28
1008
9,2
0
0
0
0
0
1143,5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1167,5
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
34,5
0
0
410
0
0
0
wS
F6
0
106
0
0
F5
118
0
1031
0
F4
9,2
9,2
387,2
MW
388,8
9,2
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Exergy Cost Input-Output Table
F1
v0
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
TOTAL
E/E
F2
F3
0
1015
0
1037,5
0
1015
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1037,5
0
0
0
0
0
1015
0
0
1015
1031
0
106
2,2
118
107
34,5
0
34,5
107
0
0
0
1013,8
118
118
0
118
1013,8
0
0
1037,5
1015
0
0
0
118
410
106
0
1015
0
0
0
0
1037,5
1015
22,7
0
0
0
0
0
118
1015
0
0
0
1143,5
0
0
0
0
0
0
1015
0
0
1
0
1167,5
0
0
0
0
0
0
1013,8
0
0
0
TOTAL
34,5
0
0
0
0
0
0
1015
0
106
wS
F6
0
0
1036,5
0
0
0
0
0
F5
118
0
0
F4
107
34,5
22,7
22,7
1167,5
22,7
1143,5
Thermoeconomic Input-Output Exergy Analysis applied to Industrial Ecology
MW
13
Exergy Cost Input-Output Table
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Isolated
Integrated
ByProduct
Shared profit
E/E
Electricity (kW/kW)
Clinker (kW/kg)
Steam (kW/kW)
2,887
2,884
14,511
13,187
3,743
2,472
2,82
2,829
14,511
14,219
3,743
3,668
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Conclusions
Thermoeconomic Exergy Input-Output Analysis is proposed for the
analysis of integrations that characterize Industrial Ecology:
Systemic methodology
Based on physical roots (Second Law).
The approach can play a significant role for solving several
important problems of Industrial Ecology:
Guidelines for establishing fair prices for by-products
Physical costs of matter and energy streams
Impact on natural resources consumption reduction
Effect on waste reduction
All thermoeconomic techniques developed during years for the
analysis, optimization and diagnosis of energy systems can now
be applied to Industrial Ecology.
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Thermoeconomic Input-Output Exergy
Analysis applied to Industrial Ecology
Thanks for your attention
[email protected]
Antonio Valero, Sergio Usón, Alicia Valero and César Torres
CIRCE – Centro de Investigación de Recursos y Consumos
Energéticos. Universidad de Zaragoza (Spain)
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Thermoeconomic Input-Output Exergy Analysis applied to Industrial Ecology
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