Transcript Diapositiva 1

Thermoeconomic Input-Output
Exergy Analysis applied
to Industrial Ecology
Antonio Valero, Sergio Usón, Alicia Valero and César Torres
CIRCE – Centro de Investigación de Recursos y Consumos
Energéticos. Universidad de Zaragoza (Spain)
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The 3rd International Conference on Eco-Efficiency
Egmond aan Zee, The Netherlands 9-11 June 2010
Introduction
 The key point of Industrial Ecology (IE) is the use of waste flows
produced by an industry as inputs for another, in order to close
materials cycles.
 Thus, a waste becomes a by-product, from the viewpoint of the
producer
 And a resource from the new consumer
 Accordingly, the main question arising is:
How fair prices can be determined?
 They should be based on production costs based on physical roots.
 Accurate and objective accounting methodologies are needed.
 Thermoeconomics is proposed solving this question and other
quantification problems within Industrial Ecology.
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Outline
 Exergy, Thermoeconomics and Input-Output
Analysis.
 Thermoeconomic Exergy Input-Output Analysis.
 Example of Application.
 Conclusion.
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Exergy, Thermoeconomics and I-O Analysis
 Exergy is the maximum amount of work that a system or flow
could produce while interacting with the environment.
 Concept based on the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
 Key contribution: It is able to objetify all physical
manifestations (energy, produts, resources, emmissions) in
energy units.
 Application of exergy to Industrial Ecology:
 Ayres and Ayres (1996). Quantification.
 Connelly and Koshland (2001). Resource depletion.
 Finnveden and Östlund (1997), Cornelissen and Hirs (2002), Dewulf
and Langenhove (2002). Life Cycle Assessment (LCA).
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Exergy, Thermoeconomics and I-O Analysis
 Thermoeconomics (Tribus and Evans, 1962), takes a step
further by introducing the concept of purpose by means of
efficiency:
Exergy Input – Exergy Output = Irreversibility >0
Fuel (F) – Product (P) – Wastes (R) = Irreversibility > 0
 Exergy cost (Valero et al., 1986) / Cummulative exergy
consumption (Szargut and Morris, 1987) (amount of resources
needed to produce a given flow or system) is a bridge between
Thermodynamics and Economics.
 Thermoeconomics has been applied to the analysis, optimization
and diagnosis of energy systems.
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Exergy, Thermoeconomics and I-O Analysis
 Input-Output analysis (IO) has been aplied to issues related to
Industrial Ecology.
 IO traditionally used with different quantity units for energy and
material fluxes.
 If monetary units are used for costs, arbitrariness may be
introduced.
 Exergy IO allows to measure all flows in the same units (Hau and
Bakshi, 2004).
 Thermoeconomic Exergy Input-Output analysis uses Second Law
for cost assessment.
 It is able to objectively asses the costs of products interchanged.
 It can help to rationalize the general problem of resources savings
achieved through waste integration.
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Thermoeconomic Exergy I-O Analysis applied to
Industrial Ecology
 Physical Structure
Productive Structure.
 Fuel-Product Table: each element Eij is the part of the product
of component i used as a resource by component j. 0 is the
environment.
F1
…
Fj
…
Fn
v0
E01
…
E0j
…
E0n
P1
E11
…
E1j
…
E1n
E10
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
Pi
Ei1
…
Eij
…
Ein
Ei0
Fi  Pi  I i  0
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
FT   j E0 j
(External resources)
Pn
En1
…
Enj
…
Enn
En0
PT  i Ei 0
(Final demand)
TOTAL
E/E
ws
TOTAL
Fj  E0 j  i Eij
(Fuel)
Pi  Ei 0   j Eij
(Product)
Thermoeconomic Input-Output Exergy Analysis applied to Industrial Ecology
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Thermoeconomic Exergy I-O Analysis applied to
Industrial Ecology
 Processes are characterized by unit exergy consumptions:
 ji 
E ji
ˆ 1
KP  E P
Pi
 Production of each process can be obtained from the final demand
and the unit exergy consumptions:
P   U  KP

1
P   U  KP
Ps

1
 Total fuel needed for satisfying a given demand:
FT  t e P Ps
 Calculation of unit costs:
k *P  P κ e
t
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Example of Eco-industrial park
NATURAL
GAS
NATURAL GAS
BOILER
21
PROCESS
STEAM
23
22
7
COMBUSTION
GASES
8
3
2
19
HP
TURBINE
IP
TURBINE
14
LP
TURBINE
15
ELECTRICITY
16
11
4
COAL
1
5
COAL
BOILER
13
AIR
0
9
CONDENSER
10
6
HP
HEATER
DEAREATOR
LP
HEATER
HEAT
20
12
ASHES
18
LIMESTONE
24
COAL/ELECTRICITY
25
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CLINKER
KILN
26
17
CLINKER
27
Thermoeconomic Input-Output Exergy Analysis applied to Industrial Ecology
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Productive structure. Isolated systems.
6
34,51
natural
gas
1
clean
coal
410
Boiler
steam
351,6
Turbine
electricity
5
117,9
limestone
& coal
process
steam
3
1008
Ash
Separator
4
9,22
2
1014
coal
Steam
Generator
27,9
Clinker
Kiln
clinker
27,9
Mixer
clinker
MW
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Productive structure. Integrated systems.
6
0
natural
gas
steam
1
Ash
Separator
clean
coal
410
Boiler
steam
351,6
Turbine
electricity
1,03
ashes
5
106,1
limestone
& coal
3
1031
4
process
steam
2
1037
coal
9,22
9,22
Steam
Generator
25,19
Clinker
Kiln
clinker
26,22
Mixer
clinker
MW
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Exergy Input-Output Table
F1
V0
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
TOTAL
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F2
F3
0
1015
1037,5
0
0
0
1008
0
0
0
0
0
410
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1015
1037,5
0
0
0
0
0
1008
0
0
410
1031
0
118
410
106
2,2
28
0
0
26,2
9,2
26,2
9,2
0
34,5
26,2
351,6
28
28
0
28
351,6
0
0
0
419,2
351,6
0
0
0
0
0
25,2
1031
410
351,6
0
0
0
0
0
28
1008
9,2
0
0
0
0
0
1143,5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1167,5
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
34,5
0
0
410
0
0
0
wS
F6
0
106
0
0
F5
118
0
1031
0
F4
9,2
9,2
387,2
MW
388,8
9,2
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Exergy Cost Input-Output Table
F1
v0
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
TOTAL
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F2
F3
0
1015
0
1037,5
0
1015
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1037,5
0
0
0
0
0
1015
0
0
1015
1031
0
106
2,2
118
107
34,5
0
34,5
107
0
0
0
1013,8
118
118
0
118
1013,8
0
0
1037,5
1015
0
0
0
118
410
106
0
1015
0
0
0
0
1037,5
1015
22,7
0
0
0
0
0
118
1015
0
0
0
1143,5
0
0
0
0
0
0
1015
0
0
1
0
1167,5
0
0
0
0
0
0
1013,8
0
0
0
TOTAL
34,5
0
0
0
0
0
0
1015
0
106
wS
F6
0
0
1036,5
0
0
0
0
0
F5
118
0
0
F4
107
34,5
22,7
22,7
1167,5
22,7
1143,5
Thermoeconomic Input-Output Exergy Analysis applied to Industrial Ecology
MW
13
Exergy Cost Input-Output Table
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Isolated
Integrated
ByProduct
Shared profit
E/E
Electricity (kW/kW)
Clinker (kW/kg)
Steam (kW/kW)
2,887
2,884
14,511
13,187
3,743
2,472
2,82
2,829
14,511
14,219
3,743
3,668
Thermoeconomic Input-Output Exergy Analysis applied to Industrial Ecology
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Conclusions
 Thermoeconomic Exergy Input-Output Analysis is proposed for the
analysis of integrations that characterize Industrial Ecology:
 Systemic methodology
 Based on physical roots (Second Law).
 The approach can play a significant role for solving several
important problems of Industrial Ecology:
 Guidelines for establishing fair prices for by-products
 Physical costs of matter and energy streams
 Impact on natural resources consumption reduction
 Effect on waste reduction
 All thermoeconomic techniques developed during years for the
analysis, optimization and diagnosis of energy systems can now
be applied to Industrial Ecology.
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Thermoeconomic Input-Output Exergy
Analysis applied to Industrial Ecology
Thanks for your attention
 [email protected]
 Antonio Valero, Sergio Usón, Alicia Valero and César Torres
 CIRCE – Centro de Investigación de Recursos y Consumos
Energéticos. Universidad de Zaragoza (Spain)
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