Transcript Slide 1

“LED Lighting”
International Facility
Management Association
Mike Bachman LC, CEM
Power Smart Engineering
How Do LEDs Work?
 An LED is a semiconductor device (diode) that emits light when an
electric current passes through it. The diode produces a
monochromatic (one colour) light on a single wavelength ranging
from red (˜700 nanometres) to blue-violet (˜400 nanometres).
Because LEDs produce a pure colour of light, tinted lenses are not
needed to filter the light to the desired colour. As a result, all of the
visible light is projected from the LED.
 LEDs consume very little power – they are up to 90 percent
efficient, which means that only a small proportion of the input
energy is consumed to produce heat. In comparison, traditional light
sources (e.g., incandescent bulbs) are 5 to 10 percent efficient, with
90 percent or more of the input energy wasted in the form of heat.
 Another type of LED currently under development is made up of
semiconducting organic polymers. These organic LEDs (OLEDs) are
only about 10 percent efficient but are expected to be less
Solid State Lighting Basics (LED)
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Solid State Lighting (SSL): Lighting that uses
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Thermal Management: A heat sink is a means of
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Life (hours): For LED products, lamp life is
semiconductors to convert electricity into light. Other
lighting technologies use filaments, gas, or plasma.
dissipating heat. Appropriate thermal management is
critical in LED systems to reach the expected product
lifespan.
considered to be the point at which the light output
has depreciated to 70% of the initial output.
Light Emitting Diodes
• Solid State Light Source
• Extremely Flexible
• Potentially Long Lamp Life
• Dynamic Colour Opportunities
• Poor White Colour Rendering
More about LEDs
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LEDs are generally single points
sources that stand-alone or are
mounted in arrays
LEDs are directional and ‘aim’ their
light in a fairly straight way. Lenses
can change this characteristic
LEDs get very hot and need
effective ways to dissipate the heat
or they will fail prematurely
LEDs are getting more and more
Efficacious with time
lm/W
LED Luminaire Efficiency
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Lab (lm/W)
CW Commercial
(lm/W)
WW Commercial
(lm/W)
CW Luminaire (lm/W)
WW Luminaire (lm/W)
2007
2010
2012
2015
CW LED 4100K-6500K (CRI =70-80)
WW LED 2800K-3500K (CRI >85)
http://www.netl.doe.gov/ssl/publications.html
OLEDs
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OLEDs are flat ‘sheets’
that are made up of
multiple layers of thin
films that when
sandwiched together,
emit light.
At present OLED
development is limited,
but they hold promise as
potential replacements
for light fixtures
OLED Sources
OLED Sources: White Light
Osram Opto-Semiconductors
 25
lumens per watt (the highest
known efficiency achieved to date
for white OLEDs)
 produced
by applying a standard
external inorganic phosphor to a
blue-emitting phosphorescent
polymer device with a peak
luminous efficacy of 14 lm/W
OLED Sources: Colour Changing Light
Osram Opto-Semiconductors
 the
first polymer-OLED light source
based on three printable polymer
inks emitting in the RGB portion of
the spectrum
 the
colours from dark blue to white,
or any color preference, offering
freedom of design and innovative
illumination solutions, can be
regulated
lm/W
OLED Luminaire Efficiency
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Lab (lm/W)
Commercial (lm/W)
Luminaire (lm/W)
2007
2010
2012
2015
OLED 2700K-4100K (CRI =80)
L=1,000 cd/m2
http://www.netl.doe.gov/ssl/publications.html
Dimming LEDs
 In a sense all LEDs are dimmable, the
chip (LED) is not what dictates if it can be
dimmed.
 The driver (like a fluorescent ballast) is
what has to have the internal components
to allow this to work.
LED Lamps
9W LED
40W equivalent (120V)
25,000 hrs
3000K
80+ CRI
7W LED
25W equivalent (120V)
40,000 hrs
230 Lumens
Warm or cool white
Lamps: Conventional
 First DOE sponsored technology competition.
 Intent to have manufacturers develop high-quality /
high efficiency solid state lighting products to replace
the common light bulb.
 $10M for 60W inc replacement / $5M for PAR38 inc
replacement.
 Winning products must be similar to the products
targeted for replacement, in terms of size, shape,
operating environment, and light quantity, distribution,
and quality.
 “60W” must deliver minimum 900 lumens / 27K-30K /
25,000 hours. “More than 90 lm/W.”
 PAR38 must deliver minimum 1350 lumens / 27K-30K /
25,000 hours.
 Philips submitted first entry for 60W replacement
(10W). Only 1400 sample lamps nationally & LDL has
4! (current testing for lumen depreciation).
Energy Star LED
Lamp Comparison Charts
LED Regulations
Courtesy of DOE
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Testing Standards
Performance Standards
LED Testing Standards
Performance
Criteria
Corresponding Technical Standards
Efficacy,
Light Output,
Input Power
IESNA LM-79-08
ANSI C82.2-2002
Power Factor
ANSI C82.77-2002
Lumen Maintenance (L70)
IESNA LM-80-08
Color Rendering Index
ANSI C78.377-2008
CIE 13.3-1995
IESNA LM-79-08
IESNA LM-58-94
Chromaticity and Correlated Color Temperature
CIE 15: 2004
IESNA LM-79-08
IESNA LM-58-94
IESNA LM-16
Color Spatial Uniformity and Color Maintenance
CIE 15: 2004
IESNA LM-79-08
IESNA LM-58-94
IESNA LM-16
Maximum Measured Power Supply Case or Manufacturer
Designated Temperature Measurement Point (TMPPS)
Temperature
Safety
ANSI/UL 153
UL 1598
Noise
Class A rating: Power supply ≤ 24 dB
LED Testing Standards
(proposed)
Standards
Title/Content
CIE TC1-69
Color Quality Scale
IES G-2
LED Application Guidelines
IES TM-21
Method for Estimation of LED Lumen
Depreciation as a Measure of Potential LED
Life
LM-XX1
Approved Method for the Measurements of
High Power LEDs
LM-XX2
LED "Light Engines and Integrated Lamp"
Measurements
NEMA SSL-1
Electric Drivers for LED Devices, Arrays, or
Systems
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LED Performance Standards
Programs
Energy Star
Since 2008, the ENERGY STAR Solid-State
Lighting Program has taken the initiative to run
thorough tests on commercially available SSL
products according to the industry standards.
 Products that pass the examination will be
rewarded with an ENERGY STAR-approved label.
These labels serve as a symbol of confidence to
consumers.
DesignLights Consortium
 Much like ENERGY STAR, DesignLights
Consortium (DLC) conducts regular tests on SSL
products. Upon adequate test results, each
individual product will thus be placed on their
Qualified Products List (QPL).
 DLC works closely with ENERGY STAR, and their
primary role is to cover products which fall in a
category where the corresponding standards have
yet to be completed by ENERGY STAR (i.e.
streetlights).
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LED Performance Standards
Programs
Lighting Facts
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This DOE sponsored
program issues special
Lighting Facts CM
labels for SSL products
all across North
America. On these
labels are convenient
performance data for
each corresponding
SSL product, thus
provide consumers
with a quick glance of
how well each product
compares to LM-79
criteria.
Too Good To Be True?
SSL Recessed Downlights
Courtesy of DOE
SSL RECESSED DOWNLIGHTS
Lumen (Light) Output
Similar/Better than CFL
Efficacy (Output light per input watt)
Similar/Better than CFL
Power Consumption
Similar/Lower than CFL
Adoption Risk
LOW
SSL Recessed Troffers
Courtesy of DOE
SSL RECESSED TROFFERS
Lumen (Light) Output
Similar to Fluorescent
Efficacy (Output light per input watt)
Similar to Fluorescent
Power Consumption
Similar to Fluorescent
Adoption Risk
LOW - MEDIUM
4ft Linear Replacement LED Lamps
Courtesy of DOE
4ft Linear Replacement LED Lamps
Lumen (Light) Output
Lower than Fluorescent
Efficacy (Output light per input watt)
Lower than Fluorescent
Power Consumption
Similar to Fluorescent
Adoption Risk
HIGH
SSL Directional Replacement
Lamps
Courtesy of DOE
SSL DIRECTIONAL LAMPS
Lumen (Light) Output
Lower than Halogen/CFL, Similar to Inc
Efficacy (Output light per input watt)
Lower than Halogen/CFL, Similar to Inc
Power Consumption
Lower than Halogen/CFL, Similar to Inc
Beam Intensity
Lower than Halogen
Adoption Risk
MEDIUM - HIGH
SSL for Streetlights & Outdoor
Areas
Courtesy of DOE
SSL STREETLIGHTS & OUTDOOR AREAS
Lumen (Light) Output
Similar to FL, generally less than
Efficacy (Output light per input watt)
Similar to FL & HPS
Power Consumption
Similar to FL, lower than HPS
Adoption Risk
LOW
SSL Cost Evolution
SSL price could be reduced:
• 10 times by 2017 (LED)/ 2020 (OLED)
• 20 times by 2025
Courtesy of DOE
Lighting for Long-term Care Facility
In a pilot demonstration study
at Schuyler Ridge Residential
Health Care, LRC researchers
installed automated LEDs to
determine whether energyefficient lighting solutions:
- could improve the comfort and
care of seniors
- assist the nursing staff in their
nightly rounds
- help residents navigate facility
hallways
Courtesy: LRC
White Light High Flux LED Sources
Architectural lighting: dimming and adjustment of colour
temperature
Courtesy: Go Energy Efficiency
LED Street Lighting
City of Oakland, CA
LED Security/Perimeter Lighting
• Better uniformity
• Improved visibility
• White colour
• Face identification
HPS
Courtesy: LRC
LED
LED Parkade Lighting
Courtesy LRC
*May use occupancy/motion sensors for additional energy savings
Power Smart Programs
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PSPX – prescriptive approach one for one retro-fit,
simple projects represented by a Key Account Manager
PIP – for small and medium customers that are not
represented by a Key Account Manager
On-line application products must be listed on e-catalog
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Power Smart Partners Custom – must be a
comprehensive project should include redesign and
controls
New Construction Programs – Whole building, Lighting
only
 Thank
You
 Questions
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[email protected]