Transcript Preparing For War - Lavergne High School

The Home Front
 Selective
Service Act- May 1917
• Draft of young men for military service.
• War to end all Wars=wide acceptance for draft
• By Nov. 1918, 24 million men had registered
American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
Volunteers and National Guardsmen
11,000 women joined as nurses, drivers, and
clerks
14,000 served abroad working for the government
or private agencies.
pershing
General John J. Pershing, commanding general of the AEF. Referred to as the
Doughboys and Yanks. 2 million in France by Sept. 1918
 Training-
New and improved training
camps around the country.
• Learned how to use a bayonet and rifle, dig a
trench, put on gas masks, and throw a grenade.
• Soldiers did not usually have a long period of
training before they were shipped off.
Convoy System- system to protect unarmed ships
April 1917- more than 400 Allied and neutral
ships sank by Germans.
 Doughboys 300,000
Members of the AEF
African Americans who
volunteered or were drafted were
segregated in separate units.
 African Americans were used mostly for
manual labor.
 Harlem Hell Fighters- Group of A. A. who
fought in the French army and received
highest honors.
 Shift
from peacetime to wartime
production.
 Regulating
food production, coal and
petroleum distribution, and railway use.
 Government
controlled which crops
farmers grew, which products industries
produced and how supplies was
distributed.
 War
Industries Board (WIB)- Regulated
all industries involved in the war.
Food Administration- Headed by
Herbert Hoover. Set prices high for wheat
to encourage farmers to produce more.
 Asked Americans to conserve food as a
patriotic gesture.

 Wheatless
Mon. and Wed. Meatless Tues.
and Porkless Thur. and Sat. Saltless Sun.
 Rationing-
Distributing goods to
consumers in a fixed amount.
 Fuel
Administration- Sponsored gasless
days to save fuel.
 Daylight
Savings Time- Turning clocks
ahead to save daylight.
Fuel
Administration
 Committee
on Public Information (CPI)Educated public about the causes and
nature of the war. Convinced the public
that the war was a just cause.
 Distributed
millions of pamphlets, press
releases, posters, and assembled
speakers.
 Stressed
the cruelty of the enemy.
 Some
believe it illegal intrusion of
government.
 12%
of men who received draft notices
did not respond.
 Conscientious
Objectors- Peoples whose
moral beliefs would not allow them to
fight in wars.
 Jane
Addams formed Women’s Peace
Party.
 Most
women supported the war after U.S.
joined Allies.
 Espionage
Act- June 1917. Allowed postal
authorities to ban treasonable media
from the mail.
 Severe
penalties for anyone engaged in
treasonable activities.
 Punishment=
$10,000 fine or possibly 20
years in prison. Severe cases = death.
 Sedition
Act- 1918= Unlawful to use
disloyal, profane, or abusive language
about the American Government,
Constitution or military.

For giving a mild antiwar speech,
Eugene V. Debs was imprisoned for 10
years.
 CPI
propaganda proclaimed the
Germans were the worst of the enemies.
 U.S. stopped
teaching German in schools,
 German Measles = liberty measles
 Hamburgers= liberty steaks or burgers
 Dachshunds= liberty pups
 German Americans were required to
prove their American loyalty.
 German
Measles
 Liberty
Measles
 Hamburger
 Salisbury
 German
Shepherds
 Police
 German
Authors
 Disappeared
books
 Lynching
of Germans
in America
Steak
Dogs
from
library shelves
 Women
moved into the workforce as men
went to war.
 Worked
in factories, on r.r., telegraph
operators, trolley conductors.
 Some
joined Red Cross, worked as
doctors, nurses, ambulance drivers,
clerks.
 Won
19th Amendment in 1920.
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 Many
enlisted in the army.
 Great
Migration- Movement of African
Americans to the North from the South.
 Moved
b/c of racism, economic
advancement, better futures.
 Most
were in the West working as
ranchers and farmers.
 Came
from Mexico for many of the same
reasons that African Americans moved
North.
 Last
months of the war and it killed more
people than the war all together.
 Death
 30
rates in some camps was 32%
million people worldwide