Characterization: Marsh9thEnglish.wordpress.com

How do authors describe and develop a character?

What is direct characterization? Indirect?

How can characterization bring insight to a work of literature?

Objectives

In this lesson we will answer: • How are characters developed by Orwell?

• What is the difference between direct and indirect characterization?

• How does a character’s speech reveal their traits? (dialogue, monologue, soliloquy) • What is a first-person narrator?

• How can we incorporate this knowledge into our writing?

Creating Characters

Creating characters—telling what personalities are like—is the whole point of writing stories.

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Character Development

Writers build characters by revealing

speech appearance private thoughts others’ reactions actions

Character Development

Quick Check

“Keep still, you little devil, or I’ll cut your throat!” A fearful man, all in coarse grey, with a great iron on his leg. A man with no hat, and with broken shoes, and with an old rag tied round his head. A man who had been soaked in water, and smothered in mud, and lamed by stones, and cut by flints . . . ; who limped, and shivered, and glared and growled; and whose teeth chattered in his head as he seized me by the chin.

from Great Expectations by Charles Dickens Which methods of character development are being used?

What do you think of the man based on this excerpt? [End of Section]

Speech

First-person narrators

traits as they reveal their personal • tell their own stories (using pronouns like I, me, and we) • tell us what they think and feel Be aware that some first-person narrators mislead or lie to the audience.

Dramatic Monologue

Soliloquy

Speech

Dialogue

can reveal a lot about characters and their relationships with each other. Pay attention to • what characters say and don’t say • how characters respond to each other [End of Section]

Appearance

Pay attention to language the writer uses to describe the characters’ looks, clothes, and demeanor. The cold within him froze his old features, nipped his pointed nose, shriveled his cheek, stiffened his gait; made his eyes red, his thin lips blue. . . .

from A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens • Does the description give you a positive or negative impression of the character? • Which words contribute to this impression?

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Private Thoughts

Writers can take us into the characters’ minds to reveal their thoughts and feelings. As you read, note whether the characters’ thoughts and feelings match their speech and actions.

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How Other Characters Feel

Watch how other characters in the story react to the character. Note • how the others feel about the character • what the others say about the character [End of Section]

Actions

What characters do and how they treat each other often reveal the most about them. Observe characters’ actions to determine • what their personality is like • what motivates them • how they deal with conflict [End of Section]

Direct and Indirect Characterization

Direct Characterization

motives are. —Writers tell us directly what characters are like or what their Oh, but he was a tightfisted hand at the grindstone, Scrooge! a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous old sinner!

from A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens

Indirect Characterization

—Writers show us characters (through speech, appearance, private thoughts, other characters’ reactions, and actions) but allow us to decide what characters are like.

Direct and Indirect Characterization

Quick Check

My sister, Mrs. Joe, with black hair and eyes, had such a prevailing redness of skin that I sometimes used to wonder whether it was possible she washed herself with a nutmeg-grater instead of soap. She was tall and bony, and almost always wore a coarse apron, fastened over her figure behind with two loops, and having a square impregnable bib in front, that was stuck full of pins and needles. from Great Expectations by Charles Dickens Is this an example of direct or indirect characterization?

What kind of person do you think this character is?

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Practice – 20 points

Find an example of direct and indirect characterization of the animals in Animal Farm.

Character Direct Indirect

Old Major Boxer Clover Napeoleon Moses Snowball Mr. Jones Prize middle-white boar (12 years old) “Not of first rate intelligence” Female horse, 4 foals Berkshire boar Mr. Jones’ “special pet” Pigs are cleverest animals Drunked, disheartened farmer Respected by animals Voluntarily overworks himself Maternal: takes care of the motherless ducklings Tells animals don’t worry about “missing milk” Talks about “Sugar-Candy Mountain” Knows how to read and write Whipping of cows for eating [End of Section]