Transcript CFCL_Presentation_010604

The impact of distributed
micro-CHP on energy
efficiency
David Peck
Sustainable Energy 2005
27th April 2005
Introduction
• CFCL background
• Micro-CHP vision
• Distributed energy
• Efficiency
• Micro-CHP technology
• Why Utilities are interested
• CFCL product development
CFCL Background
• Based in Noble Park (Melbourne), Australia
• Established 1992 – ASX IPO July 2004
• 9000m2 of R&D and prototyping facilities
• Pilot solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) production
• 100 employees
• European subsidiary established Sept 2004
Micro-CHP vision
“In the future we can also expect to see
far more ‘micro-CHP’ – efficient, smallscale heating and electricity generation
systems in homes as well as businesses.”
UK Energy White Paper 2003
“MicroMap calculates different scenarios
with up to 12 million micro-CHP systems
delivered in Europe by 2020.”
WWF/Fuel Cell Europe 2003
Micro-CHP domestic distributed generation
CFCL 1kW micro-CHP
Distributed energy resources
Source: European Commission, 2003
Energy efficiency of CFCL micro-CHP
CFCL’s micro-CHP unit – heat and
power produced on site
Energy used to power CHP system 0.5 kW, 20%
Transmission
losses 0 kW, 0%
Heat recovered used for hot water 1 kW, 40%
45% energy saving using CFCL’s CHP
unit instead of a central power plant
and gas fired domestic water heater
Electricity generated for use on site 1 kW, 40%
Conventional power
station
Plus
Domestic gas hot
water unit
Transmission losses
0.1kW, 10%
Wasted heat 2.15 kW, 66%
Wasted heat energy 0.25 kW, 20%
Heat energy 1 kW, 80%
Switchyard
Electrical energy 1.1 kW,
33.8%
Electrical energy for use on site
1 kW, 30.8%
Source: ABARE
2004
Micro-CHP technologies
Internal combustion
External combustion
Stirling cycle
Steam - Rankine cycle
SOFC
PEMFC
Fuel cells
CFCL - SOFC
Micro-CHP performance
Micro-CHP
technology
Electrical
efficiency
Power to
Heat ratio
Solid Oxide
Fuel Cell
40-50%
1:1
PEM
Fuel Cell
30-40%
1:2
Internal
Combustion
20-30%
1:3
Stirling
Engine
10-20%
1:6
Commercial micro-CHP units
Make
Country
Type
Price – A$
Senertec
Germany
5 kW
IC engine
23,000
Ecopower
Germany
4.7 kW
IC engine
21,500
Honda
Ecowil
Japan
1 kw
IC engine
12,500
Whispergen
NZ/UK
0.8 kW
Stirling
7,500
Why Utilities are interested in micro-CHP
•
Hedge against losing revenue
from micro-CHP emergence
•
Energy efficiency / CO2
benefit
•
Customer retention in
competitive markets
•
Provide customers with lower
cost energy
•
Synergies between electricity
and gas businesses
•
Provide additional services
which may be unregulated
•
Increase gas sales and
reduced seasonality
•
Provide higher reliability
service
•
Reduce peak demand
•
Services to off-grid customers
•
Relieve network congestion
•
Support green credentials
•
Deferred capital investment
Source: Platts, Micropower Conference, UK 2004
Government support for micro-CHP
• Germany
– €5.11c/kwh in-feed bonus
– Exemption from mineral oil tax on NG for heating
– Energy efficiency targets for new houses
• UK
– VAT reduced from 17.5% to 5%
– Recognition of micro-CHP in energy policy
– Carbon Trust funding for field trials
– Modification of network regulations for small DG
• Australia
– Energy efficiency targets for new houses – 5 Star, BASIX
Fuel Cell Technology (SOFC)
Internal reforming of
methane into hydrogen
and carbon monoxide
Methane fuel
input
Reaction with oxygen ions generates
electricity and forms water vapour
and carbon dioxide exhaust
Anode
800°C
Operating
Temperature
Electrolyte
(SOFC)
O2- oxygen ions
Load
DC
Electricity
Output
Valuable high
temperature
exhaust heat
Cathode
Air input
Efficient
Air exhaust
Clean
Silent
•Wide fuel range – NG, LPG, bio-methane, ethanol
•High Efficiency – 40 to 50% electrical
•Reduced greenhouse gas – up to 60% vs coal
CFCL’s SOFC Stack Technology
Stack components – Layer Set
Made up of only 4 components for ease of manufacture and
economies of scale
Air Seal:
Glass-ceramic seal
Cell:
Zirconia electrolyte with printed
electrodes and gas distribution
structure
Fuel Seal:
Glass-ceramic seal
Interconnector:
Zirconia plate with electric feedthroughs and printed contact
layers
CFCL’s SOFC Operation
CFCL’s SOFC Stack Technology
Level 1 Sub-stack
Consists of 28 Layer Sets
150 Watt DC electricity output
Versatile building block
Quality control step prior to assembly into larger stacks
28 Layer Sets
in a Level 1
CFCL’s SOFC Stack Technology
Level 2 Stack
Consists of up to 14 Level 1’s (total 1~2 kW electrical output)
Multiple stacks can be manifolded together
Suitable for capacities up to 200 kW
Up to 14 Level 1’s
in a Level 2
CFCL Product Development
Combined Heat &
Power micro-CHP
concept
Proof-of-concept
prototype
Prototype with it’s
covers fitted
Pre-commercial
demonstrator
CFCL Product Development
Combined Heat &
Power micro-CHP
concept
Proof-of-concept
prototype
Prototype with it’s
covers fitted
Pre-commercial
demonstrator
CFCL Product Development
Combined Heat &
Power micro-CHP
concept
Proof-of-concept
prototype
Prototype with it’s
covers fitted
Pre-commercial
demonstrator
CFCL Product Development
Combined Heat &
Power micro-CHP
concept
Proof-of-concept
prototype
Prototype with it’s
covers fitted
Pre-commercial
demonstrator
Micro-CHP Demonstrator Prototype
Micro-CHP
test
prototype
on
Fuel cell stack
Hot water tank
Steam generator
& burner
Waste heat
recovery
Fuel processor &
heat exchanger
Mains power
converter
Commercialisation of fuel cell micro-CHP
• PEMFC & SOFC at advanced stage of
development
• SOFC uses readily available fuels
• PEMFC requires pure hydrogen or onboard reformer with NG
• Mass production will reduce cost
• Micro-CHP trials – Europe & Japan
• CFCL trials – Australia, NZ, Europe