Transcript Document

Smartgrids
Challenges and Implications of
SmartGrid Implementation
Andrew Cross
CIRED DC Chairman
EA Technology UK
Cross Sintra Seminar May 16 2008
Smartgrids
Overview
•
•
•
•
CIRED and Smartgrids
Examples from CIRED authors
Experiences and Barriers
Conclusions
Cross Sintra Seminar May 16 2008
2
Smartgrids
CIRED
Networking in an Open Electricity Market
• ‘CIRED’ is derived from "Congrès International des Réseaux
Electriques de Distribution„
• in English ‘International Conference on Electricity Distribution’.
• An international association under Belgian law.
• CIRED, the Leading Forum where the Electricity
Distribution Community meets, is the major
International Electricity Conference & Exhibition held
every two years in different venues in Europe with a
world-wide perspective and participation.
Cross Sintra Seminar May 16 2008
3
Smartgrids
CIRED - An Expanding International Forum
National
IET
UK
Directing Committee
AIM
CIRED
Secretariat
Belgium
Technical Committee
Organisation
Committee
Session Advisory
Groups
Session 1
Session 2
Session 3
Session 4
Session 5
Session 6
Cross Sintra Seminar May 16 2008
Committees
Austria
Belgium
China
Croatia
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
UK
Liaison
Committees
Algeria
Argentina
Australia
Bahrain
Bosnia & Herzegov
Brazil
Canada
Czech Republic
Egypt
Greece
Hungary
India
Iran
Korea
Malaysia
Montenegro
Poland
Romania
Russia
Serbia
Slovenia
USA 4
Smartgrids
CIRED 2007 Conference
1100 delegates
6 Main Sessions
16 Round Tables
400 Posters
Technical Themes
1. Network Components
2. Power Quality and EMC
3. Operation, Control and Protection of
Supply Systems
4. Distributed Generation - Management &
Utilisation of Electricity
5. Power Distribution System
Development
6. Deregulation, Management,
Organisation and Skills
www.cired2007.org
Cross Sintra Seminar May 16 2008
5
Smartgrids
CIRED 2009 Conference
Innovation in Electricity Distribution for a Sustainable Future
8-11 June 2009 at the Prague Congress Centre
www.cired.org.uk
Cross Sintra Seminar May 16 2008
6
Smartgrids
CIRED Seminar 2008:
SmartGrids for Distribution
• 23-24 June in Frankfurt
• 100+ Technical papers from 25 countries
• 5 keynotes
– SmartGrids Technology Platform: impact of SDD on Network
Companies – Pier Nabuurs
– SmartGrid development: the view of the DNO – Livio Gallo
– SmartGrid Industrial Research Landscape – Duncan Botting
– Role of the TNO: working together to shape the future of
SmartGrids – Chris Murray
– EU Research to support development of smart networks –
Wiktor Raldow
• Regulator discussion panel
Cross Sintra Seminar May 16 2008
www.ciredsmartgrids.org
7
Smartgrids
Smartgrid Solutions Status
Research
•
•
•
•
. Development
Trials
. Roll out
Lots of research activity
Development of practical solutions
Trials of new technology
Implementation in particular areas
Cross Sintra Seminar May 16 2008
8
Smartgrids
Where is the activity
• Improving network utilisation including dynamic
ratings and real-time dynamic power flow
management
• Managing the transition from passive to active
networks
• System protection and security of supply
• Energy Management Systems, smart metering,
demand control and variation
• New circuits design and planning integrating
Distributed Energy Resources (DER) & demand
response
• Overcoming barriers to SmartGrid development
Cross Sintra Seminar May 16 2008
9
Smartgrids
Examples from CIRED Authors
Cross Sintra Seminar May 16 2008
10
Smartgrids
Active Networks Load Management
in a UK Registered Power Zone
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Significant amounts of wind generation are under construction in the area
surrounding Skegness including both off-shore and on-shore developments.
Most of this generation needs to be exported from Skegness to Boston via
an existing dual circuit (1x175mm2) 132kV tower line.
If conventional Winter/Summer ratings were applied it would be impossible
to connect all the proposed wind generation as this circuit would be
overloaded
Solution is to apply a dynamic line rating to the circuit based on real-time
ambient temperature and wind speed data
Generation increases as wind speed increases but the corresponding
increase in cooling from the same wind combine to improve the rating of the
circuit by 20-30%
All data is being captured and recorded to allow for verification and
refinement of the process adopted
This scheme will have benefits for other parts of the network where circuits
existing conventional ratings are also apparently approaching their
theoretical limits.
Cross
R.
Ferris
Sintra
– UKSeminar
- Paper May
003816
CIRED
2008 Smartgrids Seminar
11
Smartgrids
Impact of Microgrids concept on
low voltage network reliability
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Detailed analysis of basic impacts of dispersed generation (DG) such as wind
turbines, PV–systems and CHP units on network reliability
Demonstrated how a suitable Microgrid operation strategy with corresponding
control and protection schemes may improve total network reliability for different
customer segments
Traditionally time-dependent limited availability is neglected for the determination
of network reliability indices assuming a fixed operating point for DER with
reduced availability corresponding to the percentage of full load hours of the
generation technology (i.e. 10 % for PV)
An advanced approach which considers the synergy of time-dependent load
profiles and generation profiles for an analytical reliability evaluation is
described
Potential for DG impact on reliability was analyzed for various DG penetration
scenarios differentiated by location, capacity, number & type
Simulation results for three cases (1) without DG, (2) with uncontrolled DG (island
operation mode) and (3) with Microgrid operation compared
Difficulties in adequate simulation that result from the complexities of meshed
network structures are pointed out.
However, the available results indicate that DG improves reliability - especially
when controllable units are installed
Cross Sintra
Christine
Schwaeger–
Seminar May
Germany
16 2008
- Paper 0027 CIRED Smartgrids Seminar
12
Smartgrids
Virtual Power Plant Field Experiment
using 10 micro-CHP units at Consumer Premises
The experiment focused on the network utilization
factor of the local distribution grid in 3 settings:
1. Baseline: domestic load profile of 10 households.
2. Fit-and-Forget: load profile of 10 households
plus mCHPs controlled in standard
heat-demand driven manner
3. VPP operation: mCHP operation coordinated
by PowerMatcher intelligent control in
peak-load reduction mode, without any
intrusion on comfort for consumers.
The main conclusions from these experiments are:
• A Fit-and-Forget policy did not provide benefits to the DNO in comparison to
the baseline case. The load-duration curve was lowered on average by adding the
m-CHPs. However, the peak load remained virtually unchanged.
• Adding VPP operation, based on intelligent control, led to a load-peak reduction
of 30% in summer and 50% in winter.
B. Roossien–
Netherlands
- Paper
Cross
Sintra Seminar
May 16
2008 0086 CIRED Smartgrids Seminar
13
Smartgrids
Application of energy storage systems minimizing effects of fluctuating feed-in of photovoltaic systems
Fig. 1: Application of a plant storage
system (PS) to a PV unit
3000
2500
2000
1500
load curve
1000
load demand
500
0
1
-500
PV generation
-1000
•
•
•
•
Up to now the installation of plant storages to smooth the feeding is uneconomic
The main reason is the law (EEG) which assures operators of renewable energy
generator fixed feed-in tariffs for energy supply into the power grid. The feed-in
does not have to fit the current electrical demand
If the EEG would guarantee just a fixed feed-in tariff for generation which are
applied a day before, renewable energy generators with energy storage systems
may establish.
Also feed-in tariffs which depend on the feeding-profile may lead to a market
penetration of storage systems installed at distributed generators
Cross
G.
Bärwaldt
Sintra–Seminar
Germany
May
- Paper
16 2008
0112 CIRED Smartgrids Seminar
14
Smartgrids
InovGrid Project – Distribution network evolution
as a decisive answer to new electrical sector challenges
•
•
•
•
Technical architecture being
developed for the implementation
of a fully active distribution network
Energy Boxes (EB)
nearest devices to consumers and
producers, will support all metering
and contractual life-cycle related
services, also delivering through
local communications detailed
information & support message
exchange and, where applicable,
support micro-generation
management and control
Distribution Transformer Controllers
(DTC) housed at MV/LV substation level,
that besides managing services and communication with EB, operate as intelligent
devices for transformer station control & automation, for fault detection and also for
public light management
Phase 2 includes developments in the areas of active distribution networks, selfhealing, micro-generation control strategies to deal with islanded operation and to help
in power system restoration after exploitation problems and blackout situations,
network assets monitoring, automation and control, and demand response and side
management techniques
Cross
L.
ValeSintra
da Cunha
Seminar
– Portugal
May 16- Paper
2008 0030 CIRED Smartgrids Seminar
15
Smartgrids
Fenix architecture
Energy Markets
Transmission
System Operator
Distribution
System Operators
FENIX software
Aggregators
Intelligent meters
Fenix box
Fenix box
Households
CHP
Fenix box
Industrial & commercial
VPP
Wind farms
20 partners, 4 years, budget is 14,7 MEuro
Cross
J.
Corera
Sintra
– Spain
Seminar
– RT4c
MayCIRED
16 2008
2007
16
Smartgrids
Norwegian Electricity Customers’ Attitudes
Towards Smart Metering
•
•
•
•
Willingness to pay is higher
among those who currently
have smart metering (39%)
than those who do not (27%)
Confidence in smart metering
is high; 70% believe that it is
as accurate as manual meter
reading
The proportion of sceptics is
gradually falling
Interest in using associated
services is moderate
Cross
E.
Fosby
Sintra
– Norway
Seminar
- Paper
May 16
0052
2008
CIRED Smartgrids Seminar
17
Smartgrids
A Roadmap for Developing Real Time Distribution
System Simulation Tools for the Smart Grid
•
•
•
Simulation capabilities available to the operators play an important role
in Smart Grid improvements by providing new perspectives on
network operation with new possibilities for “what if” analyses
and on network development with more accurate models
However, the opportunities for new developments in simulation
capabilities are very broad and efforts have to be strongly correlated to
network operator needs and identified technical improvement pathways
in order to be sure of their effectiveness
A survey of the main experts of the industry was conducted to:
– identify the main drivers of tool evolution
– determine the most likely path for evolution of simulation and modelling
functionalities
•
The results of this roadmap are intended to provide a high level view of
the functionalities that will be needed in the next 10 years to allow
“SmartGrids” operation
Cross Sintra
X.Mamo
– USA
Seminar
- PaperMay
0021
16–2008
CIRED Smartgrids Seminar
18
Smartgrids
Active Network Management:
Technical, Commercial & Regulatory Barriers
• The following are likely to find most application in ANM
– FACTS devices (eg SVCs)
– MicroGrid Controllers
– SCADA
• The equipment associated with these ANM techniques are
currently available in the marketplace from a number of
manufacturers and little development work will be required to
make these equipments available for widespread use
• Currently there is little penetration of ANM into UK distribution
networks and the tools used by DNOs to plan and develop their
networks generally do not include ANM techniques as options
for network development
• Accordingly the lack of familiarity of the use of ANM techniques
by DNO planners could be a barrier to ANM as the more
traditional tried and tested solutions tend to used
Cross Sintra
G.D.Clarke
– Seminar
UK - Paper
May
0122
16 2008
19
Smartgrids
Barriers to smart grids
Having established the case for smart grids the paper examines
reasons why they may not happen other than in small “splashes” of
limited functionality. Potential barriers that are examined include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
cultural barriers
costs of development and implementation
high levels of uncertainty
regulatory risk
perceived complexity
risks from Cyber crime
burden of operating and maintaining the solutions
vested interests
Cross Sintra
C.Walton
– UK
Seminar
- PaperMay
002616CIRED
2008 Smartgrids Seminar
20
Smartgrids
The route to smart grids
Finally we suggest some actions to make it more likely that smart grids
will emerge and take their place in the future energy world. In other
words, what we need to do to make them happen. These include
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
regulatory frameworks
suitable incentives that support appropriate investment
increased emphasis on research and development
collaboration within industry and between industry and academia
recognition of the need to get demonstration projects into place
planning for large-scale rollout
putting into place standards
the importance of ensuring interoperability
need to validate that these complex systems are effective and safe
Cross Sintra
C.Walton
– UK
Seminar
- PaperMay
002616CIRED
2008 Smartgrids Seminar
21
Smartgrids
Smart Grids: on the road to reality
Key messages are as follows:
•
•
•
•
•
•
the sector is facing a paradigm shift, not a variant of existing classical
grid practices
the sector is facing the biggest change in 40 years of grid development
there is no simple blueprint, but there is an emerging vision and
common concepts
there are many stakeholders involved, each with critical roles to fulfill
with multiple stakeholders involved, who is going to lead and coordinate
what is required, beyond the technology, for successful implementation
of smart grids
Key conclusions are:
1. This is a revolution, not a variation on a theme
2. The span of business impacts must be addressed, not just the
technology
3. There are management issues to be identified and addressed
Cross Sintra
J.Scott
– UK -Seminar
Paper 0097
MayCIRED
16 2008
Smartgrids Seminar
22
Smartgrids
Some Personal Views
• Many SmartGrid applications
have benefits that sprawl
across DNO, TSO,
generator, retailer, customer
and community
=> Unbundling makes these
more difficult to realise and
reduces their attractiveness
Cross Sintra Seminar May 16 2008
DNO spend on Network R&D since 1990
Privatisation
7000
6000
5000
£000
• Distribution Network
Operators are now
commercial regulated
businesses in most countries
=> They require incentives to
grasp innovation & take risks
UK Distribution Company spend on
Network R&D since 1990
Impact of
IFI
Incentive
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
r)
ea
y
l
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
0
0
0
0
6m cia
t
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
1s
an
n
Financial Year
fi
FI
t
(I
as
05
(L
r
Ap
06
20
4
/
0
05
t
0c
20
* Data from 1989/1990 to 2003/2004 is the collaborative spending on R&D amongst the DNOs through a single provider.
* Data from Oct 2004 - April 2005 and the last financial year (2005/2006) shows reported total IFI spend.
19
9/
19
0/
19
1/
19
2/
19
3/
19
4/
19
5/
19
6/
19
7/
19
8/
20
9/
20
0/
20
1/
20
2/
20
3/
23
s
th
)
Smartgrids
In Conclusion
• There are powerful drivers taking us towards
smarter or more intelligent networks
• Many smart grid technologies are in
development with some available to deploy
• Implementation requires significant
investment if it is to make an impact
• Regulatory acknowledgement is needed
• However, there is still plenty of work for the
research, development, system builder and
implementation communities in both T & D
Cross Sintra Seminar May 16 2008
24