Transcript Pre-press Processes and Techniques

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Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
Introduction—
Basic Concepts
Instructor: Doughlas Remy
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Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
Course Outline
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Introduction –Basic Concepts and Terminology
Printing Processes
Color Theory and Management
Tools and Techniques
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Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
Course Materials
• PowerPoint presentations provide the framework for this course.
• You will find each presentation (in .pps format) on the network
share. You may open it and follow along on your own computer.
• Some of the material shown on the slides is for reference only and
will not be covered in detail.
• Don’t hesitate to ask questions.
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Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
Course Caveats
• This is only an introduction to pre-press processes and techniques.
• Students are at different levels of competence.
• To be effective and credible in the world of pre-press—and to know how to
select a printing company for your jobs—you need a basic knowledge of
printing technology. Our first session will introduce you to this topic.*
• Some of the material shown on the slides is for reference only and will not
be covered in detail. Also, several the topics are of lower priority and may
be skipped due to time constraints.
*Also, pre-press is considered to be part of the printing industry and accounts for
about five percent of its earnings.
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Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
Assessment
• Modules 1-2: Quiz at end of each module.
• Modules 3-4: Divided into several sections, each followed by a quiz.
• If you’re unsure of an answer, feel free to search back through the
earlier slides.
• Your scores may be noticed but will not be recorded or used for any
purpose other than the following:
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Goal / focus along the way.
Feedback for you.
Feedback for me.
Closure on a topic.
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Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
Topics Covered in This Module
• Desktop publishing (DTP), digital publishing
• The advent of digital publishing
• Digital publishing and Web design
• Scope of digital publishing
• Analog vs. digital media
• Pre-press, on-press, and post-press processes
Quiz
Answer sheet for printing
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Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
Terminology: DTP, Digital Publishing
• “Desktop publishing” (DTP): All or most of a modest
publishing task can be done in a home office equipped
with:
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computer
scanner
printer
software (graphics, page layout)
• “Digital publishing”: Publishing for output to print or to the
Web.
o Any scale
o Most devices are digital.
o Refers to the pre-press work even if the actual printing
process is non-digital. (e.g., offset lithography)
Digital publishing
Pixel
Web design
Print
Pre-press
Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
Terminology
Important
We can use the term “digital publishing” to refer to
our pre-press work even if the actual printing
process is non-digital*.
*E.g., your morning newspaper is probably printed using the offset
litho process, which is not a digital technology. But most of the
content will have been prepared digitally, using computers, scanners,
digital cameras, etc.
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Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
Digital Publishing and Web Design
Then
IBM PC, circa 1981
Now
Dell Dimension™
Desktop
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Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
The Advent of Digital Publishing
Only 25 years ago, there was no digital publishing as we
know it today. The following developments occurred in the 80s:
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1984 – Apple Macintosh—the first computer to integrate
text and graphics
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Apple adopts Adobe’s Postscript Page Description
Language, allowing printers to replicate the computer
screen’s text or graphics.
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1985 – Seattle-based Aldus (later to merge with
Adobe) releases PageMaker, the first page-layout
software to use the new graphical user interface (GUI).
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Then...
1984: Apple Macintosh 128k
CPU Speed: 8 MHz
Price: US $2,495
Now...
Desktop Publishing (DTP)
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Computer-based
Integration of text and graphics
Control of all elements of page design:
o Typography
o Art
o Photos
o Layout / design
2009: Apple iMac
CPU Speed: 2.4 GHz (333 times as
fast as the 1984 Mac)
Price: US $1,199
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Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
Scope of Digital Publishing
The advent of digital publishing
has been nothing less than
revolutionary.
Printing tasks that were once
outsourced to vendors can now
be performed by a single
individual using a computer and
peripherals that are within the
range of most household
budgets.
Before digital printing, the following
tasks would have been performed by
different people:
• Writing
• Editing
• Typing
• Proofing
• Photography
• Art
• Page layout
• Typesetting
• Color separations
Page layout used
to involve:
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Drawing boards
T-squares
Ruling pens
Erasers
Rubber cement
Tape
Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
Scope of
Digital Publishing
Because digital publishing trends
towards consolidation of multiple
publishing tasks, smaller
publishing projects can,
theoretically, be carried out by
a single person, whom we would
call the “digital publisher,” or just
“publisher” for short.
However, large publishing projects still require division of labor because of their
scale. So large companies such as Microsoft still employ writers, editors,
photographers, graphic artists, page-layout specialists, indexers, etc.
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Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
Analog vs. Digital Media
• Electromagnetic (EM) waves are analog, and
the human eye is analog in its way of gathering
and sensing light, which is the visible part of the
EM spectrum.
• However, analog images or signals may also
be gathered by digital means. These include
scanners, digital cameras, and modems.
(Modems convert analog signals to digital ones, or vice
versa.)
• Transmission (output) of digital images or
signals may be done by computers, modems,
printers, and LCD monitors. (CRTs are analog.)
Analog media:
• Telephone
• Radio
• Film cameras
• CRT Monitors
• Modems
Digital media:
• Computers
• Scanners
• Digital cameras
• LCD Monitors
• Modems
Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
The Role of Pre-press Processes
Pre-press processes prepare documents for printing.
Where the actual printing is done depends on many factors:
• Some companies have their own printing departments.
• Some organizations (e.g., private companies, government agencies, colleges
and universities) have their own presses (e.g., Microsoft Press, University of
Chicago Press, BCC Printing Services).
• Some companies are dedicated to printing (e.g., ADG Printing in Lynnwood,
GM Nameplate in Seattle, CCS Printing and AAA Printing in Bellevue).
• Chains like Kinko’s offer a variety of services, including digital printing.
These are variously called “presses,” “print shops,” “printing companies,” “printers,”
“service bureaus,” “printing services,” etc.
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Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
Overview
Printed materials are
produced in three
operations:
• Pre-press
• On-press
• Post-press
Note: A graphic design team in an
organization that outsources its printing
to a printing company will do some—but
probably not all—of the pre-press work.
The printing company will in most
cases do some of it as well, in addition to
the on-press and post-press work.
Graphic design
team
Pre-press
Printing company /
service bureau
Pre-press
On-press
Post-press
Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
Pre-press and On-Press
Operations
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Pre-press •
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Writing
Editing
Design
Typography
Art
Photography
Scanning
Layout
Proofing (preliminary)
File preparation
Both • Preflight*
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On-press •
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Platemaking
Imposition (to be explained shortly)
Color correction
Proofing
*Adobe InDesign includes a “preflight” wizard.
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Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
Pre-press Operations: Typography
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Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
Pre-press Operations Typically Done at the Press
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Pre-flight
Platemaking
Imposition
Color correction
Proofing (happens at several stages)
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Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
Imposition
Books, magazines, catalogs, and
newspapers are printed on large
sheets of paper that are later
folded and trimmed.
Imposition is the plan and
arrangement of pages so that
when printed, folded and
trimmed, they will appear in the
correct order.
Imposition is done entirely by
digital means. Pages are output
to an imagesetter (which
produces large pieces of film), or
a platesetter (which generates a
plate that goes directly to press).
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Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
Pre-press Operations Typically Done at the Press
Activity: Imposition
This activity demonstrates how pages must be arranged when they are printed on
a large sheet (16x), which is then folded and trimmed.
1. Fold a sheet of paper three times.
2. Rotate the folded sheet so that the narrow edge without foldings
is at the top.
3. In the top center of the first segment, write a large number 1.
4. On the reverse side of that segment, write the number 2.
5. Continue in this way to the end of the stack and the number 16.
6. Unfold the sheet of paper.
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Back of sheet
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Front of sheet
Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
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Imposition
(flip over)
For more information about imposition, visit:
http://www.prepress.pps.com/TechReports/imposetr
.html#saddle
Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
On-press Operations: Transfer of images to paper
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Precise positioning of plates
Control of ink coverage
Color control
Registration (see next slide)
Speed of impressions
The printing company, print
shop or service bureau is
entirely responsible for
“on-press” operations.
A modern web offset press
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Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
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Registration Marks and Crop Marks
Notes:
Registration mark
• Registration is done only for
2- to 4-color printing. If the
colors are misregistered, you
will be able to see the separate
colors:
Edge of sheet
Crop
marks
Trimming here
(These lines do
not actually
appear.)
• Crop marks indicate where
trimming is to be done.
11. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
You agree that Microsoft, its
affiliates, and their distributors
(and their suppliers)
Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
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Post-press Operations: All Finishing Work
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Scoring*
Cutting
Folding
Trimming
Binding
Stacking**
Packaging
The printing company, print shop or service bureau is entirely responsible for this
phase of the printing process.
*Scoring is preparatory to folding and helps prevent cracking along the
fold line. It may consist of either partial cutting or simply compressing the
paper along the score line.
**To keep the sheets from sticking together or transferring ink, each sheet
is first heat-dried and then dusted with a fine powder.
Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
Post-press Operations: Folding
In this photo, you can see printed
newspaper pages that have come off a
web offset press and have already
been folded once (at top). They are
now being folded a second time
between the rollers (center).
The next step will be to trim them on
(probably) three sides.
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Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
Module 1 Quiz (1)
Instructions: More than one answer may be correct. Mark
your answers on the printed answer sheet.
PPSX format only: Use the highlighter to mark your options.
(Right-click anywhere, click Pointer Options, and then click Highlighter.
When you finish, restore the arrow pointer.)
1. The term “desktop publishing” ___
processes.
a. refers only to pre-press
b. may include on-press
c. never includes post-press
d. includes only pre-press
and post-press
2. Which of the following are digital
devices?
a. scanner
b. office printer
c. CRT monitor
d. LCD monitor
e. film camera
f. human eye
3. A telephone is ….
a. an analog device
b. a digital device
c. neither analog nor digital
d. both analog and digital
4. The ____ was the first computer
to integrate text and graphics.
a. Compaq
b. IBM PC
c. Apple Macintosh
d. TRS-80
5. Pre-press work may be done…
a. only by the design team.
b. only by the press itself.
c. by the design team or by
the press.
6. Post-press work is normally
done…
a. only by the design team.
b. only by the press.
c. by the design team or by
the press.
7. Which of the following are prepress operations?
a. Typography
b. Registration
c. Positioning of plates
d. Preflight
e. Binding
f. Imposition
8. The font used on this quiz is ...
a. serif
b. sans serif
c. monotype
d. display
9. In a proportionally-spaced font,
the letter “M” would occupy _____
the letter “I.”
a. less space than
b. more space than
c. as much space as
10. The plan and arrangement of
pages is called…
a. platemaking
b. imposition
c. serigraphy
11. Which of the following are postpress operations?
a. Trimming
b. Cutting
c. Registration
d. Folding
Continued...
Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
Module 1 Quiz (2)
12. Controlling the speed of impressions
is a(n) ______ operation.
a. pre-press
b. on-press
c. post-press
13. If color registration is accurate, the
registration mark will be …
a. red
b. blue
c. black
d. multi-colored
14. The crop marks show the printer
where to…
a. re-align the plates.
b. trim the paper.
c. fold the paper.
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Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
End of
Module 1
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Module 1: Introduction—Basic
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Module 1: Introduction—Basic
Module 4: Tools and Techniques
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Module 1: Introduction—Basic Concepts
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Wireless Network
The new Verizon FiOS wireless connection was completed during the
break. The SSID is BCCE. The WEP passphrase is Robin and it is case
sensitive. The Hexadecimal equivalent will need to be used if the users wireless
configuration tool has no place to enter a passphrase. The key is C3 3A 8A 9B
F0 9D B2 E8 09 88 04 DA E3. The key is to be entered without spaces. They
were only added for easier reading. The current registration for staff and
students to the Bellevue College wireless is still in place and the connection
requirements are still the same.