Transcript Turbine Inlet Air Cooling fundamentals

Turbine Inlet Cooling: A promising
option for increasing Thailand’s
electrical capacity
Chris Greacen
[email protected]
March 2007
Inlet cooling for existing turbines
• The laws of thermodynamics dictate that Thailand’s
combined cycle natural gas power plants lose capacity
when the weather is hot.
• Inlet air cooling is a promising solution.
• Well-established technology  more than 100 power
plants in hot climates
• Increases capacity and efficiency.
• Inlet air cooling program for 13 EGAT power plants
would contribute an overall 1140 MW of capacity
– without having to fight with villagers to build new power plants.
– Installation in months, not years
– more cost-effective than building new power plants.
Turbine Inlet Air Cooling
fundamentals
• Turbine power output
decreases with
increasing inlet air
temperature
–
–
–
Power proportional to air inlet mass flow rate
Combustion turbines admit constant volumetric
flow rate
High temperatures mass flow rate decreases
• Worse heat rate with
increasing inlet
temperatures
–
Compressor less efficient
Greatest generation capacity loss
coincides with peak demand
Source: www.turbineinletcooling.org
To address this…
• EGAT derates its power plants
• For example a power plant that would
produce 793 MW at 16 deg C is
considered a “700 MW” plant (34 deg C)
Thailand has considerable “hidden
capacity”, if only the air going into the
power plants were cooler.
Turbine Inlet Cooling (TIC) overcomes
the “hot weather/low output” flaw by
cooling ambient air as it enters turbine
Thailand’s peak is highest in hot
weather (air conditioning)
4°C
Source: www.tas.com
15°C
27°C
38°C
Benefits of inlet air cooling
• increased power output
• reduced capital cost per
unit of power plant
output capacity
• increased fuel efficiency
• improved predictability of
power output by
eliminating the weather
variable
Hundreds of Examples
• Database of over 100 inlet cooling installations.
www.turbineinletcooling.org
• hot weather power
enhancement of up to 60%
(average 31%)
• Installations began in 1970s
• Locations:
– USA, Australia, Malaysia,
Brazil, Mexico, Saudi Arabia,
Portugal, India, Ecuador,
Bolivia, Colombia, Iraq, Nicaragua
Thailand
EGAT turbine inlet cooling plan:
Absorption chillers fired by new CHP
CHP
No.
Power plant
Units
Capacity
Cooling
MW 34°C
MW 16.5°C
Recovery
MW
1
South Bangkok #1
2x4.5
9 MW
6,200 T
315
357
42
2
Nam Phong #1
2x4.5
9 MW
6,200 T
370
419
49
3
Nam Phong #2
2x4.5
9 MW
6,200 T
366
415
49
4
South Bangkok #2
4x4.5
18 MW
12,400 T
618
700
82
5
Wang Noi #1
4x4.5
18 MW
12,400 T
652
739
87
6
Wang Noi #2
4x4.5
18 MW
12,400 T
652
739
87
7
Wang Noi #3
4x4.5
18 MW
12,400 T
723
819
96
8
Bang Pakong #3
2x4.5
9 MW
6,200 T
328
372
44
9
Bang Pakong #4
2x4.5
9 MW
6,200 T
328
372
44
10
Cha Na
4x4.5
18 MW
12,400 T
700
793
93
11
South Bangkok #3
4x4.5
18 MW
12,400 T
700
793
93
12
Bang Pakong #5
4x4.5
18 MW
12,400 T
700
793
93
13
North Bangkok
4x4.5
18 MW
12,400 T
700
793
93
42x4.5
189 MW
Total
952
Costs
Inlet cooling incremental costs
16.5 million baht/MW (EGAT proposed)
7.6 million baht/MW (PJM, USA):
http://pjm.com/documents/ferc/documents/2005/20050831-er05-___-part-5.pdf
New CCGT in Thailand
17.8 million baht/MW
Inlet air cooling
http://www.upcomillas.es/catedras/crm/descargas/2005-2006/Gas%20tubine%20Power%20Enhancement.pdf