Transcript No Slide Title

Presentation on
TRANSPORTATION IN INDIA - CHALLENGES IN
FUTURE
By
Prof. S. L. Dhingra
Transportation Systems Engineering
Civil Engineering Department
Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
Organised by
Research Scholars’ Forum
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
23rd Oct. 2002, Institute Auditorium
Overview
National Highway Development Projects (NHDP)
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)
Urban Transport Projects
National Highways Development Project (NHDP)
Golden Quadrilateral - Comprising NHs Connecting
Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata.
Length - 5,952 Kms
Year of Completion - 2003
North-South & East-West Corridor - Comprising NHs
Connecting Srinagar to Kanyakumari and Silchar to
Porbandar.
Length - 7,300 Kms
Year of Completion - 2007
Total Estimated Cost = Rs.54,000 Crores (at 1999 Prices)
Mumbai--Pune Expressway
Mumbai--Pune Expressway Map
Environment Protection
 All conditions for environment are followed.
 One thousand trees trans planted.
 Extensive tree plantation , and median verge
plantation plant.
 Separate dumping area is acquired for surplus
material.
 Separate land is acquired for labour camp.
 Provision of recycling material and used for
work.
 Provision for additional lead for transport of
surplus material.
Continued…
 Special item to use surplus rock – gabbian, rock
embankment.
 Murum from adjoining land and dumping black
cotton soil from road – creation of new fertile
agriculture land.
 Rain water drainage .
 Terracing to quarry area.
Social Problem
 Tendency of villagers to cross expressway, use of
cycles & two wheelers in spite the provision of
cart track & pedestrians crossing
 Tendency to overtake wrong side over speeding
 Observing no lane discipline
Advantages of the Expressway




Time savings - Mumbai-Pune distance will be covered
in 2 hours as against 4 to 6 hours in the present
situation
Estimated fuel and other savings to the extent of
Rs.500 crores per year
Reduction in environmental pollution due to vehicles
running at rated capacity and less fuel consumption
Reduction in Accidents
Continued…
 Reduction in Accidents
 Savings in travel time
 Saving in fuel
 Fast crossing of Khandala Ghat
 Economic development through speedy traffic
 Reduction in pollution
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
Aiming for Rural Transformation
Current Scenario & need for
providing road connectivity: the PMGSY Approach





Only 48 % of villages are connected by all-weather roads.
Nearly 50 % of villages lack proper connectivity.
Proper rural road connectivity is a must for development. Why ?
Benefits – economic, social, political etc.
Rural people can have easy access to
 Trade
 Education
 Health
 Employment
The Highlights of PMGSY
(Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana)
 Investment of Rs. 60,000 Crore
 Road Connectivity (All-weather roads) Goals:
- villages with population of more than 1000 (by 2003).
- villages with population more than 500 (by 2007).
 Nearly 1,00,000 villages to be covered.
 Around 30 Crore (300 Million) people would be benefited.
 10 Crore (100 Million) people expected to cross poverty line
 Hence, there is a need to plan for optimal rural road
networks to achieve the objectives of integrated rural
development.
Urban Transport Projects
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Flyovers
Bandra-Worli sea link
Western Freeway link/
Hajiali-Wilson college viaduct
Metro System (TCS Study)
Elevated Railway System (by E. Sreedharan)
MUTP II (MRVC Study)
Mass Transit System (by MMRDA)
Thane MRTS
Sky Bus
Whether we need flyovers?
 Mumbai : high traffic density , high traffic
congestion.
 Geographical Layout : only N-S flow and very
heavy traffic
 Consequent delays - city entry & exit
 Necessity of improving speeds on N-S Corridors
 Need to quickly reach starting points of proposed
Expressways to Pune, Nashik & Ahmedabad
from city centre
Project Features

Flyovers on the 3 Main Routes
1. Western Express Highway (WEH)
2. Eastern Express Highway (EEH)
3. Sion-Panvel Express Way
 City Central Corridor developed by appropriate flyovers
Elevated Road from J.J. Hospital to Crawford Market
 City Western Corridor-Flyovers on SB Marg
 Estimated cost is Rs. 1550 crores
 Of these 50 flyovers, 29 have been completed.
Air Pollution in Mumbai
 Sectorwise distribution of Pollution:
Transport
64%
Power
4%
Domestic
15%
Industrial
17%
 Ambient Air Quality at Mahim Junction:
Item
Observed
(microgm/Nm3)
Limits
(microgm/Nm3)
SO2
Nox
SPM
43 – 120
90 – 107
1144 – 3170
80
80
200
Salient Features:

Link connects Western Expressway at Mahim
junction to Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan Road

Bridge length: 4 km (0.5 main + 3.5 approach bridge)

Solid approach road at Bandra: 1.8 km (including
toll plaza)

Carriageway - 8 lanes

Cable stayed bridge of 500m length on single pylon
Cont…
 Viewers
gallery at the top of central pylon at
150m height with access via capsule lift from
pile cap

Advanced Traffic control and surveillance
system

Estimated basic cost: Rs 650 crores

Link proposed to be extended to Nariman Point

A minimum clearance of 20 meters will be
provided for main spans for marine traffic
Techno Economic Feasibility
 Fuel savings worth Rs. 100 crores per annum
 Savings in travel time upto 20 - 30 minutes
 Reduction in air, noise & sound pollution
 Reduction of Nox by 43% & CO by more than 75%
 No adverse effect on tides, fisheries and livelihood of
fishermen
 Ease in driving with reduced mental tension and
overall improvement in the quality of life.
 Reduced accidents.
Existing Situation:




Distance from Lovegrove Jn to Mahim Junction = 7.7 km
Traffic Signals = 23 Nos
Travel time:
– Morning peak hour = 35 min
– Evening peak hour = 38 min
Average Journey Speed = 13 kmph
Savings due to Sea Link

Direct Cost savings = Rs 14.11 per car
(fuel, tyre,wear & tear, lubricants,etc)
 Travel time savings = 29 min per car
Time value @ Rs 100/ hr = Rs 48.43 / car
 Hence, total savings = Rs 62.59 / car
The Fourth Corridor
Wadala
Bandra
BANDRA
WORLI
SEA LINK
Worli
Savarkar Marg
Senapati Bapat Marg
sewri
Ambedkar Marg
Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Margs
Western rail
WESTERN
FREE WAY
SEA LINK
MPT
Central rail
Harbour rail
GPO
CST
Hutatma Chowk
Gateway of India
Salient Features
Alignment:

Total length 14.77 Km

Starting from interchange at `Worli’

Alignment about 200 m in the sea from shore line

Easy Traffic Dispersal Interchanges with connecting links at
- Haji Ali Circle,
- Bhulabhai Desai Marg,
- NCPA Nariman Point
Attributes
 Bridge spans to be provided with adequate vertical
and Horizontal clearance
 Eco-friendly Sea link - no effect on tidal conditions
 Cable stayed bridges and viaducts
- Improve aesthetics of the coastal area
- No Visual Intrusion from sea shore
 Modern Traffic Surveillance System
 Minimum land reclamation, only near approaches
Benefits
 Traffic will be dispersed
 Vehicular pollution will be reduced
 Overall Improvement in environment
 Reduction in Pollution
 Reduction in Accidents
 Improvement in the existing transport system
and living conditions
Why do we need metro system?
 To reduce the surface traffic.
 To cater to the increase in traffic due to the
emergence of Worli as business and
industrial center.
 To decrease the level of pollution.
 To reduce the heavy load on local railways
and buses.
Salient Features:
 Location (7th corridor)
Colaba to Kurla
 Length
22.4 Kms
 Average number of commuters per 24,20,000
day on a weekdays
 Travel time
39 min.
 Number of intermediate stations
24
 Peak hour demand
50,689
 Drainage will be taken care by sumps and automatic
pumps.
Value and life of assets under major heads or groups
Sr.
No.
Major Head or Group
Cost
Crores
Life in
Years
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
DPR
Land
Running Tunnels
Other Underground Cavities
Miscellaneous works in
Tunnels
Carshed Works
Cut and Cover construction
Administrative Office
Building
Ballastless Tracks
Residential quarters
Temporary track connection
Power supply
Electrical equipments
S & T equipments
Rolling stock
General charges
Contingencies
50.00
500.00
1177.05
633.77
344.09
N.A.
Infinite
100
100
100
114.42
242.60
20.00
50
50
50
46.51
27.00
25.00
89.60
1045.95
366.87
1950.00
554.40
216.22
15
50
50
40
20
15
30
N.A.
N.A.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Total
NOTE : ‘N.A.’ denotes Not Applicable.
7423.48
Abstract estimate for 7th corridor
Amount
S. No.
Main Head
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Preliminary expenses
Land and right of way
Structural engineering works
Power supply and electrical equipments
Signaling and telecom equipments
(including automatic fare collection and checking
system)
Rolling stock
Total
Add general charges, (supervision and direction) @
8.33%
Total
Add contingencies
6.
7.
8.
(Rs. Crores)
Total
50.00
500.00
2650.44
1135.55
366.87
1950.00
6652.86
554.40
7207.26
216.22
7423.48
MRVC
Components





Increase in corridors
Longer (12 rake) EMUs
Station area improvement schemes
Removal of level crossings
The resettlement and relocation of the
project affected persons and structures
all along Central and Western Railway
corridors and the Harbour Line
 Total cost of the project is 5618.36 crores.
Virar
To
Kasara
To Dahanu
Rd.
Vasai
Rd.
Kalyan
To Karjat/ Khopoli
Diva Jn.
Borivali
THANE
Andheri
Santacru
z
Turbhe
Kurla
Vashi
Nerul
Belapur
BANDRA
Panvel
To Karjat
DADAR
Wadala Rd.
To Roha
Mumba
i
Central
Uran
Mumbai CST
Churchgate
WESTERN RAILWAY
LOCAL LINE
THROUGH LINE
5TH LINE
CENTRAL RAILWAY
LOCAL LINE
THROUGH LINE
HARBOUR LINE
OTHER LINES
Mumbai Suburban System Map
Benefits
Rail Project
Increase in capacity by about 35%
Higher frequency of train services during
peak hours
Reduction in journey time
Improvement in the flow of passengers and
vehicles in and selected stations
Cont…
Non-Rail Projects
Reduction in traffic congestion, increase in
vehicular speeds and reduction in delays
Increased carrying capacity for bus users
Safe and smooth flow of vehicular and
pedestrian traffic
Minimizing delays and accidents
Improved environment through reduction in
air pollution
Comparison between different modes of transport
 In terms of land usage railway is 24 times more
efficient than road.
 Railway transport are 6 times more energy
efficient than road transport.
 Bus travel is 5 times more costlier than
railways.
 Road traffic is a major source of air pollution
and noise pollution.
 Bus takes about 50% more time during peak
hours as compared to rail.
List of projects and their costs ( in crores of rupees)
S.No
Project
Category
Cost
1
5th line between Santacruz and Borivali on W R.
Augmentation
161.98
2
Extra pair of lines between Kurla-Thane.
Augmentation
368.69
3
Borivali-Bhayandar additional pair of line.
Augmentation
180.29
4
Bhayandar-Virar additional pair of line.
Augmentation
406.40
5
Optimization of WR including 12 car on through line
Optimization
564.70
6
Optimization of CR including 12 car on through line
Optimization
613.63
7
8
9
10
11
12
Optimization of Harbour line.
DC AC Conversion
EMU Remanufacture
5th line Kurla-Dadar-CSTM.
W R 6th line Borivali-Santacruz.
Western Railway 12-car rake on local line.
Optimization
Augmentation
Augmentation
Optimization
292.69
601.00
450.00
229.20
209.83
254.00
13
Central Railway 12-car rake on local line.
Optimization
250.00
14
East-West Bandra-Kurla link.
Augmentation
974.95
Total
5618.3
MMRDA
MTS Alignment “C”
Alignment “C” is split into following 6 sections






C1 – CST to Mahalaxmi
C2 – Mahalaxmi to Bandra
C3 – Bandra to Andheri station
C4 – Andheri to Charkop village
C5 – Andheri station to Ghatkopar
C6 – Mulund to Sahar Airport
Salient Features
Maximum link flow is 51,000 per direction
per hour.
 Network length is 57 km.
Elevated section
– 45 km
Underground section – 12 km
Total cost is Rs 118,885 million.
Andheri-Ghatkopar Alignment
 Length - 9 km
Elevated section - 8.1 km
Underground section – 0.9 km
 Investment cost - Rs. 820 crores
 Operating cost - Rs. 31 crores
 Peak hour ridership passengers – 40,000
 Investment cost Rs. Per pass km – 40,091
 Output pass-km per million Rupees – 24.94
 Economic internal rate of return – 11.14%
Need:
Thane is one of the fastest growing cities. The
city, spread over an area of 128 sq.km. has a
population of 15.5 lakhs.
High travel demand.
Population doubling every decade.
City expected to hit 30 lakhs by 2031.
Development has increased the traffic
tremendously.
An MRTS that is….
• Convenient
• Comfortable
• Fast
• Environment friendly during
construction and operation
Existing Traffic Scenario
 Traffic Volumes at entry/ exit to Thane City
– LBS Marg - 31758 PCUs
– Eastern Expressway - 53481 PCUs
 Modal Split in Thane
(12.75 %)
2-W
(33.28 %)
(8.15 %)
Cycle
Bus
(15.36 %)
Car
IPT
(30.46 %)
Bus & IPT together cater to about 65% trips
Rapid industrial development and population growth in Thane
has resulted in large scale traffic movements.
Population Growth: 14.5 lakhs in 2001.
Demand for bus transportation is on the rise, but has
Limitations due to.
heavy congestion
limited accessibility
This has resulted in increase in personalized & IPT modes,
thereby aggravating congestion & pollution levels.
Government of Maharashtra has therefore envisaged the need
for efficient, economical, equitable and environmental friendly
Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) for the city.
 30m wide circular MRTS corridor proposed through major
work and industrial area
 Total Route Length - 21 km
Elevated - 12.25 km
Surface Level - 8.75 km
 Total stations - Eleven (11)
On ground - 8
Elevated Stations - 3
 Estimated Project Cost: Rs 1000 crores
 Modern Traffic Management & Surveillance Systems
 Environmentally better system
Cross-sectional view of Sky Bus
Salient Features of Sky Bus
Maximum traffic carrying capacity: 15000 pphpd
can be upgraded to 30000 pphpd.
Dimension of Sky Bus (L*W*H): 8*2.8*2.4
Capacity of Sky Bus: 250 passenger
Maximum permissible speed: 100 Kmph
Acceleration: 1.3 m/sec2
Minimum clearance above road level: 6 meters
Proposed route of Sky Bus
To Summarize…



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


Meeting the demand
Reducing the demand
East west corridors
Worli area Rail connection
Colaba area Rail connection
Churchgate-CST connection
Integration of these systems to meet the total
travel demand