Transcript Mercedes-Muniz-Peredo-Do-All-Hispanics-Love-Tacos

Do all Hispanics Eat
Tacos?
Similarities and differences
among Hispanic cultures
By Mercedes Muñiz-Peredo
Objectives
• Understand that:
– Hispanic and Latino = umbrella words
– Cover an incredibly rich and colorful
collection of cultures and traditions
– From Spain, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba,
Colombia, Argentina, etc…
– These cultures have a lot in common…
but….
– They can be quite different and
unique
First Things First
Race vs Ethnicity
• Ethnicity is cultural
– Membership with a group of people who share similar
customs and traditions
• Race is biological and anthropological
– The ethnicity that you identify yourself with can
change over the course of your life, but your racial
composition cannot be altered
Latino and Hispanic define an
ethnicity, not race
Difference between
Latino and Hispanic
• Latino
term related to the languages
that developed from Latin or to
the peoples that speak them
– Spanish, French, Italian, etc
• A member of any of the Latin
peoples, or those speaking
chiefly Romance languages; a
native of Latin America
• Hispanic
term describes cultures or
countries that were once under
Spanish rule
• Mexico, Central America, and
most of South America -where Spanish is the primary
language
Brazilians are considered to be
Latino, but are not considered to be
Hispanic.
Who is a Hispanic
according to the U.S. Government?
“The term Hispanic was
introduced as a new category
in the 1980 federal census to
identify Latinos who trace
their origins to countries that
speak Spanish and uses the
term to describe any person,
regardless of race, creed, or
color”
All Hispanics are Latinos, but not all
Latinos are considered to be Hispanic
How do Hispanics/Latinos Call
Themselves?
¿Hispanic or Latino?
34%
53%
13%
*Pew Hispanic Survey, 2002
Do not have a
preference
Prefer the term
"Latino"
Prefer the term
"Hispanic"
Current Key Numbers
about Hispanics in the U.S.
• Over the last census period the Hispanic
population grew 57%, vs. 13% for the
general population
– 1/2 the population growth in the US has been
Latino
• There are 52 million Hispanics in this
country
• In TX, CA, NM, the non-Hispanic white
population is less than 50%
• U.S. Census Bureau, Public Information Office
• Geoscape International, American Marketscape DataStream: 2005
Latino Diversity
U.S. Census Bureau
(American Community Survey, Released August
2006)
Mexican
63.9%
Puerto Rican 9.0%
Cuban
3.5%
Salvadoran
2.9%
Dominican
2.7%
Guatemalan
1.7%
Colombian
1.8%
ALL OTHERS 14.3%
Some
Hispanic Subgroups
• Spanish
• Mexican Americans
• Puerto Ricans
• Cuban Americans
Spain
• The history of Spain is a compendium of
influences from the different cultures that have
lived in the country
– First settlers were the Celts and the Iberians
– Later, the presence of the Romans lasted for seven centuries,
• Institutions inherited from Rome included Latin as a
language, religion and law
– Then came the Visigoths and Swabians
– Later, Spain was invaded by the Arabs, and stayed there for
almost 7 centuries, until they were expelled
– In 1492, Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain marked the beginning of
the golden era of Spain
– 1931 Spain becomes a republic - the end of the monarchy.
Today they are a constitutional monarchy
In Case You Did Not Know
• Words of Spanish origin have entered many European
languages
• Many English words beginning with "al" were originally
Arabic, and many may have had a Spanish-language
connection in becoming English
• alcove (from Spanish alcoba,
orig. Arabic al-qubba)
• alfalfa (originally Arabic alfasfasah. )
• alligator (from el lagarto, "the
lizard")
• armadillo (literally, "the little
armed one")
• booby (from bobo, meaning
"silly" or "selfish")
• bronco (means "wild" or "rough"
in Spanish)
• buckaroo (possibly from
vaquero, "cowboy")
• canary (Old Spanish canario
entered English by way of French
canarie)
• canyon (from cañon)
• cargo (from cargar, "to load")
• cigar, cigarette (from cigarro)
• embargo (from embargar, to
bar)
• matador (literally, "killer")
• mesa (from "table”)
• Mosquito
• mustang (from mestengo,
"stray")
• negro (comes from the Spanish or
Portuguese word for the color black)
• patio (In Spanish, the word refers to
a courtyard.)
pinto (Spanish for "spotted" or
"painted")
• tornado (from tronada,
thunderstorm)
• savvy (from sabe, a form of
the verb saber, "to know")
• vigilante (from adjective for
"vigilant")
…….AND MANY MORE
Mexico

Mexican culture reflects Mexico’s history through the blending of
pre-Hispanic Mesoamerican civilizations and the culture of Spain
– Moctezuma II is the last Aztec emperor defeated by Cortes
– Native conversion to Catholicism – Our Lady of Guadalupe apparitions
– 1810 War of Independence starts and ends in 1821
– 1846-1848 Mexican American War – Mexico cedes half of its
territory to the U.S.
– 1862 Cinco de mayo – Mexicans defeat invading French army
• 1863 - French army captured Mexico City and Archduke Maximilian of Austria
is proclaimed Emperor of Mexico
–
–
–
–
1877-1911 Porfirio Diáz dictator of Mexico
1910-1920 Mexican Revolution - Madero, Huerta, Carranza, Villa and Zapata
“Cristero War” Catholics vs Mexican Government
Mexico still struggles to find its true identity
In Case You Did Not Know
• Words of Aztec origin have entered many European
languages (mainly via Spanish)
• Most words of Nahuatl origin end in a form of the Nahuatl tl, -tli, or -li, or the Spanish adaptation -te
•
•
•
•
•
•
Avocado - from āhuacatl, "avocado“
Chia from chiyan
Chili from chīlli
Chocolate - said to be from Nahuatl
xocolātl,derived from xococ "bitter" and
ātl "water”
Coyote from coyōtl
Guacamole – from from āhuaca-,
"avocado", and mōlli, "sauce"
•
•
•
•
•
Mesquite -- from mizquitl
Quetzal from quetzalli, "quetzal
feather“
Shack possibly from xacalli, "grass
hut", by way of Mexican Spanish
Tamale from tamalli
Tomato from tomatl
Puerto Rico
• The island of Puerto Rico is a U.S. territory, not a
country
– In 1493 Columbus reached the island, calling it San Juan Bautista
– In 1508, Juan Ponce de León formed the first permanent colony
there
– 1595 Queen Elizabeth sent Drake and John Hawkins to take
Puerto Rico
– In 1898 Autonomy was given to Puerto Rico by Spain, the SpanishAmerican War broke out, and the U.S. gained Puerto Rico
– In 1900, the U.S. declared Puerto Rico an unconsolidated U.S.
territory
– In 1917, Woodrow Wilson granted Puerto Ricans U.S. citizenship
– In 1952, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is proclaimed
Cuba
• The story of Cuba’s struggle for liberation from 400 years
of Spanish domination is one of the great epics in
history.
– 1492. Cristóbal Colón lands in Cuba, claims island for Spain
– Most of the indians (Ciboneys and Taíno Arawaks) that inhabit the island are
wiped out, and Cuba remains under Spanish rule for the next four centuries
– The rise of sugar plantations lead to the import of slaves from Africa until 1886
– The sinking of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana harbor causes the US to declare war
on Spain. Spain is defeated and gives up all claims to Cuba, and cedes it to the
USA
– Castro over throws Batista and becomes prime minister, with his brother, Raul,
and Ernesto Che Guevara
•
All US businesses in Cuba are nationalized without compensation. The US brakes off diplomatic
relations
– 1961 Castro announces that Cuba has become a communist state and begins to
ally it with the USSR
In Case You Did Not Know
• Words of Caribbean origin have entered many European
languages (mainly via Spanish)
•
hammock (from amaca, a
Caribbean word)
•
manatee (from manatí, originally
from Carib)
•
barbecue (from barbacoa, a word
of Caribbean origin)
•
potato (from batata, a word of
Caribbean origin)
•
canoe (the word was originally
Caribbean)
•
tobacco (from tabaco, a word
possibly of Caribbean origin)
•
hurricane (from huracán,
originally an indigenous Caribbean
word)
•
yucca (from yuca, originally a
Caribbean word)
•
iguana (originally from Arawak
and Carib iwana)
General Characteristics
of Hispanics
Family Oriented
Bien/Mal Educado
Simpatía
Respeto
Religion
Education
Language
Personal Space
Time Orientation
Fiestas & celebrations
Fiestas & Festivities
Renew ties with Family and Friends
• Latino holidays have three main origins
o Culture
o History
o Religion
Fall Celebrations
National Hispanic Heritage Month 9/16
Nuestra Señora de la Caridad del Cobre 9/8 Cuba
Nuestra Señora de la Divina Providencia 11/19 Pto Rico
Día de la Raza – Columbus Day 10/12
Día de los Muertos 11/2 Mexico
Winter Celebrations
Feast of Our Lady of Guadalupe 12/12 Latin America
Las Posadas & Pastorelas -- enactment of
Mary and Joseph’s search for shelter in
Bethlehem December - Mexico
Pesebre, Novena Colombia
Parrandas, Aguinaldos Caribbean
Pase del Niño Viajero, Aguinaldo Ecuador
La Quema del Diablo Guatemala
Dia de Reyes/Epiphany1/6 Spain and others
Spring Celebrations
Calle Ocho / Carnaval Cuban Americans
Semana Santa / Pascua (Holy Week / Easter)
Cinco de Mayo 5/5 Mexican Americans
Dia de las Madres (Mother’s Day)
Summer Celebrations
Feast of San Juan Bautista 6/24 Puerto Rico
National Puerto Rican Day Parade New York
Independencia de Colombia 6/20
Hispanics Are Part of the New
American Mainstream…
Teaching in a Culturally Diverse Classroom
• Learn about students’ cultures.
Use this information to help students link new info to what they already know
• Get to know students as individuals.
The more you know about your students the better you will be able to tailor their
learning.
• Teach the “why”.
Students want to know why they are learning anything new. That is even more
important for students who may be unfamiliar with U.S. culture.
• Provide frequent, short reviews and
previews.
Before moving on to a new subject, give students an idea of what is coming.
• Get involved in your community!
Know and understand your students.